Biomes Study Guide - Questions and Answers PDF

Name:​KEY​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Bell: 1 2 3 4 5 6 Biomes STUDY GUIDE 1.​ Why is the earth warmer by the equator and colder by the poles? Direct Sunlight at the equator creates warmer temperatures Indirect sunl...

Name:​KEY​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Bell: 1 2 3 4 5 6 Biomes STUDY GUIDE 1.​ Why is the earth warmer by the equator and colder by the poles? Direct Sunlight at the equator creates warmer temperatures Indirect sunlight at the poles create colder temperatures 2.​ Identify which regions are “wet” or “dry” and which have high or low pressure. Place your answer in the corresponding line below. 00 ___WET___________ _____LOW_________ pressure 300 _____DRY_________ ______HIGH_______ pressure 600 _____WET_________ _____LOW________ pressure 900 ______DRY________ ______HIGH_______ pressure 3.​ Describe the vegetation and soil type for each biome. Biome Vegetation Soil Type Rainforest -Broad-leaved evergreen -Moist trees & shrubs -Very thin layer of topsoil -Beautiful flowers -Low in nutrients Desert -Succulent plants -Extremely dry -Scattered grasses -Mostly sandy -Nutrient poor Grassland -Dense, tall grasses in -Deep layers of topsoil moist areas -Rich in nutrients -Short clumped grasses in dryer spots Temperate Deciduous -Moist -Tall, broad-leaved trees Forest -Top layer is rich in minerals and humus Taiga -Low in nutrients -Coniferous trees Highly acidic due to plant decomposition Tundra -Moist -Mosses -This layer topsoil over -Lichens permafrost -Short Grasses -Limited nutrients -Low growing shrubs -Slightly acidic  4.​ What side of a mountain has more moisture? Why? Windward side-air rises and cools and condenses, releasing moisture Prevailing winds move over this side of the mountain 5.​ What side of a mountain is dry? Why? (What is the phenomenon unique to this side of the mountain? Leeward side-air descends and warms, and picks up moisture, which results in little precipitation. A rain shadow-dry desert like area created because of lack of precipitation 6.​ What happens to the climate as you go up in altitude? The temperature decreases as you go up in altitude 7.​ How is the Tundra different from the Taiga? Tundra has permafrost, a permanently frozen layer of soil, and a short growing season. Taiga, on the other hand, has a longer growing season and more precipitation, allowing for the growth of trees 8.​ How does density impact ocean currents? What two factors do we consider when looking at differences in density? Temperature and Salinity. Denser cooler water sinks. Less dense, cooler water rises 9.​ What path does the Gulf stream take? The Gulf Stream, a warm and strong Atlantic ocean current, begins in the Gulf of Mexico and flows northward along the eastern coast of the United States. It then turns eastward near North Carolina, continuing towards Northwest Europe. This warm current ultimately forms the North Atlantic Current. 10.​Define Jet Stream and tell us about its path of movement. Jet streams are narrow bands of strong wind that generally blow from west to east all across the globe. 11.​What causes wind? The uneven heating and cooling of the Earth’s surface 12.​Match the following biomes with the latitude that you would generally find them: rainforest, desert, temperate (deciduous) forest, grassland, tundra, taiga 00 Tropical Rainforest 300 Desert 600 Temperate Deciduous 900 Tundra  13.​Explain the Coriolis Effect. Because the Earth rotates on its axis, circulating air is deflected toward the right in the Northern Hemisphere and toward the left in the Southern Hemisphere. This deflection is called the Coriolis effect. 14.​Put the biomes in order from most to least precipitation? Grassland, Desert, Temperate Deciduous Forest, Tundra, Tropical Rainforest Tropical Rainforest, Temperate Deciduous Forest, Grassland, Tundra, Desert. 15.​Describe the two types of succession?  16.​Draw in the space below, a food web with at least 8 organisms. Label (and include at least) a producer, a decomposer and several consumers. Make sure to indicate the flow of energy with arrows. Answers will vary 17.​What is a decomposer and how does it play a role in the flow of energy in an ecosystem? Decomposers are organisms, like bacteria and fungi, that break down dead organic matter (dead plants and animals) and waste, releasing nutrients back into the ecosystem for use by producers. They play a crucial role in the flow of energy by recycling matter and nutrients, preventing the accumulation of dead organic matter and ensuring the continued functioning of the food web 18.​Explain 5 factors that could affect any population of organisms. (Make sure to include both biotic and abiotic factors) Disease, Lack of Food, Lack of shelter, Lack of water, Hunting, Deforestation 19.​What does disease do to an ecosystem? Disease decreases a population, which then either negatively or positively impacts other populations 20.​Complete the following table for comparing Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration: Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Purpose of the process: ​ Photosynthesis is the ​ The process in which the process that plants use cell breaks down sugar to produce the energy (glucose) to release the that they need to energy they need to survive function ​ Only occurs in PLANT ​ This is NOT breathing!!!! CELLS ​ Cellular Respiration is COMBUSTION –​ The BURNING of stored energy at the cellular level What types of Plants-producers Plants and animals organisms go through this process? Inputs needed for the Sunlight, water, carbon dioxide process? Light + CO2 + H20 Products (Outputs of oxygen , glucose Glucose and oxygen the process? Sugar + 02 Chemical Equation Light + CO2 + H20 -> Sugar + 02 Where does this chlorophyll ​ mitochondria of a PLANT process take place and ANIMAL CELLS within the cell?