Win10 MD100_PPT_Mod5_final.pptx

Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10 Module 5: Managing Disks and File Systems Wrigh...

Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10 Module 5: Managing Disks and File Systems Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 1  Module Objectives By the end of this module, you should be able to: 1. Describe disk technologies and partition styles 2. Distinguish between basic, dynamic, and Storage Spaces disk types 3. Use disk management tools 4. Describe and manage physical disks 5. Create and manage virtual hard disks (VHDs) 6. Describe Storage Spaces components such as storage pools, storage space volumes, and Resilience 7. Describe Windows 10 supported file systems and their features, limits, and tasks 8. List file and folder attributes used in Windows 10 file systems 9. Understand Windows 10 file and folder permissions 10.Describe Windows 10 file sharing methods and monitoring Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Disk Technology Can be categorized by: How it is connected to the computer How it is presented to Windows 10 When reviewing disk technology for use with Windows 10, consider these disk technologies: Internal disk External disk Virtual hard disk (VHD) Multiple disks as one logical disk Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Internal Disk Internal disks are commonly realized with: Electromechanical drives Solid-state drives (SSD) Custom embedded chip memory Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  External Disk Used to connect removable portable disk storage Best practice Avoid using external disks as a location for operating system files Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Virtual Hard Disk (VHD) Windows 10 natively supports VHD operations Files can be stored in a VHD storage location just like any other disk technology Once the VHD is made available in the Windows 10 operating system All file data stored in a VHD is actually stored in a single file on the file system of a real disk drive All versions of Windows 10 support VHD operations Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Multiple Disks as One Logical Disk Logical disk appears to the Windows 10 operating system as if it is one disk drive Can combine multiple disks as one logical disk Has more combined space than one disk alone Windows 10 supports Storage Spaces Can combine multiple disks as one logical disk using technology similar to RAID but is more enhanced Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Disk Partition Styles Windows 10 can organize data on disk drives using a partition styles When a blank disk is first configured for use by Windows, select one of these styles: GUID Partition Table (GPT) Master Boot Record (MBR) In Windows Recovery, use the command-line tool MBR2GPT to upgrade from BIOS/MBR to UEFI/GPT. GPT MBR Bootable only from UEFI firmware Bootable from BIOS or UEFI firmware Maximum 18 million TB (theoretical) Maximum 2 TB usable space Maximum 128 partitions Maximum 4 partitions Table 5-1 Disk Partition Styles Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Disk Types Empty space on the drive can be organized using three different methods in Windows 10: Basic disks Dynamic disks Storage Spaces Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Basic Disks Basic disk Hard disk initialized to use basic storage technology Basic disks can have its space organized into one or more defined areas of storage called partitions Partition is identified by size and type of data it holds Partition attributes are stored in a data table on the disk that is part of the MBR or GPT specifications Called the partition table Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Dynamic Disks Dynamic disk storage Provides the flexibility to logically organize disk space across one or more disk drives On dynamic disks Blocks of space are called volumes Use of dynamic disks is not recommended today Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Storage Spaces Storage Spaces An inexpensive way to combine, or pool, storage of multiple physical disk drives Can also provide fault tolerance with data redundancy across multiple disks Easier and less expensive than most consumer-level, hardware-based solutions for data redundancy Software-based storage technology that doesn’t need specialized storage hardware Combines selected individual disks into a managed logical group called a storage pool Acts as a container for data storage and can grow or shrink as physical disks are added or removed Storage pool presents users with a virtualized representation of a disk capable of storing files, called a Storage Spaces volume Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Storage Pool Storage pool Identify one or more physical disks that should be assigned to the pool Once disks are assigned to a storage pool Storage Spaces has access to the disks There can be more than one storage pool on a computer A disk can only be assigned to one storage pool Storage Spaces can work with a wide variety of disks at the same time using different interface technologies simultaneously Disks can be removed from a storage pool if the remaining disks in the pool can store the information that was on the disk being removed During removal, the disk has its data moved to the remaining disks If there is not enough space in the pool, the disk will fail to be removed from the pool Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Storage Space Storage space Space you allocate from the storage pool Storage Spaces technology allows for the overallocation of storage spaces created from storage pools If the storage pool has 500 GB of capacity, 900 GB volume can be created from it without generating an error Windows 10 will complete write operations without an issue as long as there is free space in the pool hosting the volume As space gets low, Windows will warn users to add more disks to the storage pool, delete other data in the pool, or save less data to the pool If one physical disk member fails, the storage space volumes created from the pool may fail or survive depending on how the volume was configured for resiliency Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Disk Management Tools Windows 10 tools Disk Management DiskPart Storage Cmdlets in Windows PowerShell Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Disk Management Console Disk Management console MMC console snap-in (diskmgmt.msc) Part of the Computer Management utility Allows a member of the Administrators group to observe and make changes to the computer’s disk configuration Allows changes to be made interactively Usually takes effect immediately without restart Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Disk Management Console cont’d Figure 5-1 Disk Management console Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  DiskPart Command-line tool Allows disk, partition, volume, and virtual hard disk management operations to be performed: From a text-based screen interactively From a scripted file Operations are driven by a sequence of commands Each command has object to focus its action on Commands can execute: As part of a scheduled task As an automated response on the local computer or remotely on another computer Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  DiskPart cont’d Figure 5-2 DiskPart running in interactive mode Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Storage Cmdlets in Windows PowerShell Windows PowerShell cmdlets can be used to manage the Windows 10 storage subsystem Storage Spaces Configure storage without clicking around in the graphical consoles. Useful in: Complicated server environments Advanced management Automation Troubleshooting Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Managing Physical Disks Major activities for proper disk administration: Adding a New Drive Moving Drives Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Adding a New Drive New drives typically connect via SATA or via USB A brand new drive is typically not initialized by Windows Requires initialization by Windows If a new SATA drive is not visible in Disk Management, then you should verify that the SATA port is enabled in firmware USB drives use Plug and Play functionality in Windows 10, which loads the appropriate drivers Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Moving Drives A basic disk can be moved from one computer to another, and it will remain a basic disk If you move a dynamic disk to another computer, you need to import it Before a disk is imported, the Disk Management console reports the status of the disk as a Foreign Disk To import a disk you must use the Import Foreign Disk option from the Disk Management utility In Storage Spaces or when a dynamic disk contains a volume that is spread across multiple dynamic disks is moved form one computer to another all disk members of the pool should be moved at the same time Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Virtual Disk Management Tasks Windows 10 provides native support for working with Virtual Hard Disks (VHDs): Creating VHDs Attaching and detaching VHDs Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Creating VHDs VHD in Windows 10 is created as a single file on an attached physical disk drive Use the Disk Management snap-in, the New-VHD cmdlet, or the DiskPart command-line utility To create a VHD, you must specify the following information: Location Virtual Hard Disk Format Virtual Hard Disk Size Virtual Hard Disk Type A virtual drive must be initialized just like a new physical hard drive Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Attaching and Detaching VHDs VHD must be attached, or mounted, to be available to the operating system and the user All versions of Windows 10 can attach an existing VHD file Use the Mount-VHD cmdlet, Disk Management, or DiskPart command-line utility Only time a VHD automatically mounts as the computer starts Special case where Windows 10 is configured to boot from a VHD file VHD must be detached, or dismounted, to make it unavailable to the operating system and the user All versions of Windows 10 support the ability to detach an existing VHD file Use the Disk Management snap-in, the Dismount-VHD PowerShell command, or the DiskPart command-line utility Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Managing Storage Spaces Manage Storage Spaces view A graphical control interface found in the System and Security Control Panel section Allows administrative users to create and manage storage pools and storage spaces Allows changes to be made interactively and take effect immediately without requiring the computer to restart Once disks are added to a storage pool they must be managed within the Manage Storage Spaces view Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Creating an Initial Storage Pool and Storage Space Initially, Manage Storage Spaces view shows only a link to create a new storage pool and storage space Once a storage pool exists, the Manage Storage Spaces view changes to provide management options for existing storage pools and storage spaces Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Creating an Initial Storage Pool and Storage Space cont’d Figure 5-3 Storage Space settings after the initial setup Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Managing Storage Pools and Storage Spaces The end user has the option to customize the storage pool by: Renaming a storage pool Adding disk drives to the pool Creating or deleting a storage space volume assigned to the pool Optimizing drive usage within the pool Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Configuring Storage Spaces Fault Tolerance A storage space volume can be configured for fault tolerance when it is initially created if the proper starting conditions are met Different levels of fault tolerance are available Similar to traditional RAID levels but are customized to operate with additional functionality not normally found in traditional RAID Resiliency Types Description Simple (no resilience) Needs one drive minimum in the pool Good for temporary data and where performance is more important than resilience If a drive in the pool fails and contains part of this volume, the volume is not available to the end user Two-way mirror Needs two drives minimum A volume’s data is copied to at least two separate disks in the pool; each disk holds a synchronized copy of the volume’s data Table 5-2 Storage Spaces Resiliency Types Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Configuring Storage Spaces Fault Tolerance cont’d Resiliency Types Description Two-way mirror (cont’d) Good performance with disk read and write operations Can handle a single drive failure and still be operational Supported volume size is limited to the size of the smallest drive member Three-way mirror Needs five drives minimum Three copies of a volume’s data are spread across all five drives Good performance with disk read and write operations Can handle multiple drive failures and still be operational Parity Similar to RAID 5 in that parity information is calculated and can determine data that is lost from a drive failure Needs three drives minimum to handle a single drive failure Needs seven drives minimum to handle a double drive failure Slow performance during a disk failure while the system calculates missing data; best used for low data that needs fault tolerance but not high performance, such as archive data Table 5-2 cont’d Storage Spaces Resiliency Types Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Knowledge Check Activity 1 What is the preferred method of storing user data in fault-tolerant fashion, rather than dynamic disks? a. Storage Spaces b. DiskPart c. Disk Management console d. Solid-state drive (SSD) Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Knowledge Check Activity 1: Answer What is the preferred method of storing user data in fault-tolerant fashion, rather than dynamic disks? Answer: a. Storage Spaces In Windows 10, the Storage Spaces feature is an inexpensive way to combine, or pool, the storage of multiple physical disk drives. Storage Spaces can also provide fault tolerance with data redundancy across multiple disks. Implementing Storage Spaces is easier and less expensive than most consumer-level, hardware-based solutions for disk redundancy. Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  File Systems File system Allows OS to store and organize files on a hard disk Windows 10 supports several common file systems File Allocation Table (FAT) NT File System (NTFS) Resilient File System (ReFS) Universal Disk Format (UDF) Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  File Allocation Table File Allocation Table (FAT) Earliest file system used for hard disks by the MS-DOS operating system Versions of FAT that can be used with Windows 10 FAT FAT32 exFAT Windows 10 does not use FAT 32 as a file system for new partitions or volumes larger than 32 GB In Windows 10, FAT should be used for file systems only when portability to non-Microsoft OSs is concern FAT is used mostly for portable media such as USB memory sticks and memory cards for phones and digital cameras FAT does not provide file system security Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  New Technology File System (NTFS) New Technology File System (NTFS) Introduced with Windows NT Stores files and folders similarly to FAT Advantage Description File and Folder Each file and folder has its own discretionary access control list (DACL) of permissions who (i.e., user or group) can do what to the file system object. Permissions include configurable inheritance through the folder structure. Permissions can be basic or advanced using allow or deny assignments. Ownership of a file system object is tracked and always allows access to file system objects owned by that user or group. Audit controls Each file and folder can have its own custom system access control list (SACL) to define who is audited in the Security event log when they succeed or fail at accessing a file system object. Compression Files can optionally have their contents compressed. Encrypting File System Files can optionally have their contents encrypted. (EFS) Disk quotas Optionally track how much data is used on the file system by a user and potentially apply storage limits. Table 5-3 Advantages Automatic bad cluster of the NTFS Bad File that clusters System fail over FATdata reliably are tracked and not reused. to store management Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  New Technology File System (NTFS) cont’d Advantage Description File names in Unicode File and folder names can contain international languages and symbols, not format just ASCII characters. Alternate data streams Support for multiple data streams that link to the same file but have different purposes (e.g., file data for one stream, a bitmap in another stream for the app that is registered to open that type of file). Transactional NTFS This is used to protect data files with log files and checkpoint consistency checks. Log file and checkpoint Changes made to key files can be rolled back in the event of a problem to a consistency checks known good state. Extendable/shrinkable As long as free space allows on the disk or volume, the partition or volumes partitions and volumes can be extended or shrunk. Volume mount points You can link an empty folder in one volume to another volume. Symbolic links A symbolic link points to another file or folder, similar to a shortcut. To the user or application, it appears as if the file is in that folder. Table 5-3 cont’d Advantages of the NTFS File System over FAT Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  New Technology File System (NTFS): Disk Quotas Disk Quotas Amount of disk space used by a user can be limited Set using the Disk Management console or the fsutil command-line utility As users approach limits, warnings can be issued The Quota Entries button on the Quota tab opens a Quota Entries window where user- specific limits can be defined that override the default settings Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  New Technology File System (NTFS): Disk Quotas cont’d Figure 5-5 Quota entries for an NTFS-formatted disk Figure 5-4 NTFS-formatted disk properties, disk Quota tab Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  New Technology File System (NTFS): Volume Mount Points and Symbolic Links Volume Mount Points Allow an empty folder in an NTFS-formatted file system to point to another partition or volume in the local computer Created with the Disk Management console Different mount points can point to the same target partition or volume Symbolic Links Point to a file or folder located somewhere other than that folder A hard link can only point to a file on the same partition or volume as the hard link object Is a duplicate directory entry that points to the contents of a target file A junction point points to folders only The path to the target folder must be specified using an absolute path Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Resilient File System Resilient File System (ReFS) Newer file system that is included in Windows 10 but in a restricted capacity Originally envisioned to replace NTFS, but the capability to create ReFS volumes was removed from Windows 10 in 2017 Designed to verify and autocorrect data faults on the volume without having to bring the volume down for maintenance Cannot be used to format the system boot volume or on removable media Some NTFS features have been removed, such as file and folder compression, disk quotas, extended attributes, and EFS Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Universal Disk Format Universal Disk Format (UDF) Developed as a standard to allow file interchange between different operating systems Ideal for storing files on portable CD-ROM and DVD media Windows 10 supports both reading and writing of files to the UDF file system Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  File System Tasks Common file system changes Changing the assigned drive letter Converting the installed file system Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Changing Drive Letters Drive letters Used by applications and users as a quick reference to locate files Can change the drive letter, or assign a new one, to a partition or volume Use the Disk Management console A single drive letter can only be assigned to one partition or volume Can remove drive letters from a partition or volume Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Converting File Systems Steps to convert FAT to NTFS Back up the data on the partition Ensure free space remains on the partition Convert partition using convert command-line utility Convert command-line utility has the syntax of: convert drive_id /FS:NTFS Converting a partition requires that the convert utility runs with full Administrative access To the local computer Steps to convert ReFS or NTFS to FAT Back up the data on the partition Reformat the partition with FAT32 Restore the data originally backed up from the NTFS partition Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  File and Folder Attributes FAT, NTFS, and ReFS file systems use attributes To describe general information about a file or folder To see general attributes of a file or folder View the properties of the item in File Explorer The General tab displays basic attributes Figure 5-6 Properties of a Figure 5-7 File Explorer, View tab, option to show hidden items file on an NTFS file system, General tab Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  File and Folder Attributes cont’d Figure 5-8 Properties of a file on an Figure 5-9 Modified icons to indicate compressed files and NTFS file system, General tab, folders in File Explorer Advanced Attributes Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Managing Attributes Attribute flags Control some aspects of how the operating system interacts with the object Compact command-line utility Used to manage the compress attribute flag Cipher command-line utility Used to manage the encrypt attribute flag Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Copying and Moving Compressed Files A copied file receives new attributes in the NTFS file system based on the attributes of the target folder A moved file When a file is moved within the same NTFS partition, the attributes do not change When a file is moved to a new location in a different NTFS partition, the attributes become the same as the target folder’s attributes Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  File and Folder Permissions Access Control List (ACL) Collection of Access Control Entries (ACE) Identify a specific security identifier (SID) can perform a given action to a file or folder Used to specify what a user or group is allowed to do with the file or folder ACLs are supported by Windows 10 for the NTFS file system NTFS permission settings apply equally to ReFS security Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Default Folder Permissions First level of folder in an NTFS partition is root folder Default permissions for the root folder on the C: drive Members of Administrators group have full control OS has full control Members of Users group can read and execute programs Authenticated users can create folders in this folder Authenticated users can create files and write data in subfolders only Default permissions for C: subfolders Members of Administrators group have full control OS has full control Members of Users group can read and execute programs Authenticated users can create, modify, and delete files and folders In this folder and its subfolders Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Default Folder Permissions cont’d Additional folders and files inherit permissions from the parent object that contains them Inheritance allows a permission setting to propagate to lower subfolders NTFS permissions are assigned using two formats Basic NTFS permissions Advanced NTFS permissions Figure 5-10 Security tab for an NTFS drive’s properties Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Basic NTFS Permissions Collection of predetermined advanced NTFS permissions Permission Description Write This permission used for folders allows new files and folders to be created in the current folder. The folder attributes can be changed and the folder’s ownership and security can be viewed. This permission used for files allows file data to be rewritten. The file’s attributes can be changed and the file’s ownership and security can be viewed. Read This permission used for folders allows files and folder data, attributes, ownership, and security to be viewed. This permission used for files allows the file’s data, attributes, ownership, and security to be viewed. List folder This permission applies only to folders. Without this permission, the files contents and folders contained in a folder cannot be listed. The user or application can still access the files if they have permission and know the exact file or folder Table 5-4 Basic NTFS name. Permissions Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Basic NTFS Permissions cont’d Permissi Description on Read & This permission used for folders allows read access to files and folders below execute this point. This is the equivalent of enabling Read and List folder contents. This permission used for files allows read access to the file’s information and, if it is an executable file, the user is allowed to run it. This permission automatically includes the Read permission. Modify This permission used for folders allows the same actions as Write and Read & execute permissions combined. The folder can also be deleted. This permission used for files allows the same actions as Write and Read & Execute permissions combined. Files can also be deleted. Full This permission used for folders allows the same actions as Modify plus the Control ability to change permissions and allow a user to take ownership of the folder. This permission used for files allows the same actions as Modify plus the ability to change permissions and allow a user to take ownership of the file. Special Special permissions are the advanced permissions that can be assigned when Table 5-4 cont’d permissio theBasic NTFS Permissions predefined basic permissions are not adequate to achieve desired results. ns Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Advanced NTFS Permissions Fine-tune access and control for files and folders Only visible when editing a permission entry in the Advanced security view Figure 5-11 Viewing advanced NTFS permissions on a file for one ACL entry Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Permission Scope Determines what other objects are impacted by the assigned permission For files, the scope is limited to this object only Scope for folders include: This folder only This folder, subfolders, and files This folder and subfolders This folder and files Subfolders and files only Subfolders only Figure 5-12 Viewing advanced NTFS permissions on a Files only folder for one ACL entry Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Permission Inheritance NTFS permissions for folders apply to the first folder on which they are used Permission propagates to all files and folders below that point Inheritance can be blocked Once blocked, the object needs new permissions assigned to it Any file or folder can have additional permissions assigned directly to the object That combine with the inherited permissions Figure 5-13 Advanced security settings for an NTFS folder Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Effective Permissions Items that impact calculating permissions Permissions can be inherited or directly assigned Permissions can be allowed or denied Each permission has a scope that determines what range of objects it applies to Users that do not have explicit permission assigned to an object and are not part of any inherited permission have no permission to the object Users can be members in multiple groups that have different permissions to the same object Owners of a file or folder have full Figure 5-14 Effective Access tab in control of the object advanced file or folder security settings Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Ownership Each NTFS file or folder has an owner Owner of a file or folder always has the ability to assign permissions to that file or folder Members of the Administrator group Have the right, by default, to assign or take ownership of a file or folder Users with the Full control basic permission or the advanced NTFS permission Take ownership Can also assume ownership of a file Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Permission Changes when Content Is Copied or Moved Copy operations always create new versions of the content that is being copied New versions will inherit the permission settings of the target location Move operations affect permissions differently Depending on the destination location relative to the source location Source and target locations on the same volume, no changes Source and target locations on different volumes, just like a copy operation Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Permission Strategy Considerations Assigning and managing file permissions is seldom required for computer running Windows 10 Administrators have full access to entire system Users have full access to their own profiles Users to not have access to profiles of other users or the ability to modify system files Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  File Sharing File sharing in Windows 10 provides multiple ways to share files from one computer to another This section covers Sharing individual files Sharing the Public folder Creating and managing shared folders Monitoring shared folders Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Sharing Individual Files Figure 5-16 File The Share tab in File Explorer enables the Explorer, Share users to get what they want – the selected tab, Send group, file(s) sent to somewhere or someone else. Share option, possible recipients Figure 5-15 Share tab in File Explorer Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Sharing Individual Files cont’d Figure 5-17 Settings app, System, Shared experiences Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Sharing the Public Folder Sharing the Public folder A simplified way to perform file sharing on home or small office networks Files in the Public folder are shared between users who log on the local computer Can also be shared with network users Options for sharing the Public folder Turn on sharing so anyone with network access can read and write files in the Public folders Turn off Public folder sharing (people signed in on this computer can still access these folders) Options for Password protected sharing related to the Public folder Turn on password protected sharing Turn off password protected sharing Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Sharing the Public Folder cont’d Figure 5-18 Public folder sharing controls Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Creating and Managing Shared Folders The folder sharing wizard manages the shared folder settings and NTFS permissions based on the options that are selected Permission levels: Owner Read/Write Read Displays the Universal Naming Convention (UNC) path Advanced folder sharing allows you precise control over the permissions assigned to the shared folder and the NTFS permissions in the file system Settings Share this folder Share name Limit the number of simultaneous users to Figure 5-19 Folder sharing wizard Comments Permissions Caching The most restrictive permissions are effective when the file is accessed over the network Assign the Full Control share permission to the Everyone group and then use NTFS permissions to apply more restrictive accessWright to theand folders and files Plesniarski, in theSpecialist Microsoft shared folder Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Creating and Managing Shared Folders: Advanced Folder Sharing cont’d Figure 5-20 Folder properties, Advanced Sharing Figure 5-21 Folder properties, Advanced Sharing, Permissions Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Creating and Managing Shared Folders: Create a Shared Folder Wizard When you create a shared folder from within Computer Management, it triggers the Create A Shared Folder Wizard. Figure 5-22 Create A Shared Folder Figure 5-23 Create A Shared Wizard, Specify folder settings Folder Wizard, Shared Folder Permissions Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Creating and Managing Shared Folders: PowerShell for Sharing Folders PowerShell Cmdlet Description Get-SmbShare Retrieves the properties of the SMB shares on the computer. Get-SmbShareAccess Retrieves the share permissions of the SMB share. Grant-SmbShareAccess Adds or modifies share permissions for a user or group. New-SmbShare Creates an SMB share. Remove-SmbShare Deletes the specified SMB share. Revoke-SmbShareAccess Removes the share permissions for a user or group. Set-SmbShare Modifies the properties of the SMB share. Table 5-5 PowerShell Cmdlets for Managing Shared Folders Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Creating and Managing Shared Folders: Net Commands to Share Folders Example Net Commands Description Net Share DataFolder=C:\workfiles Shares the folder C:\workfiles as a shared folder called DataFolder, with default permission that everyone has read access to the shared folder. Net Share DataFolder=C:\workfiles Shares the folder C:\workfiles as a shared /grant:everyone,full folder called DataFolder but grants the Everyone built-in group full access permission to the shared folder. Table 5-6 Net Net Share Command /delete DataFolder Examples for Managing Shared Folders Stops sharing the shared folder called DataFolder. Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Monitoring Shared Folders: PowerShell to Monitor Shared Folders PowerShell Description Cmdlet Get-SmbConnection Retrieves the connections established from the SMB client to an SMB server. Get-SmbOpenFile Retrieves basic information about the files that are open on behalf of the clients of the SMB server. Get-SmbSession Retrieves information about the sessions that are currently established between the SMB server and the associated clients. Get-SmbShare Retrieves the SMB shares on the computer. Table Get- 5-7 PowerShell Cmdlets for Monitoring Retrieves Shared the Access Folders Control List of the SMB share. SmbShareAccess Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Monitoring Shared Folders: Net Commands to Monitor Shared Folders Example Net Description Commands Net Session Displays information about all sessions with the local computer, including computer names, user names, number of files open, and session idle time. Net Share Displays information about all the resources that are shared on the local computer. Net view \\localhost Displays a list of resources that are being shared by the specified Table 5-8 Net Command Examples computer.for Monitoring Shared Folders Net view \\ Displays a list of resources that are being shared by the specified localhost /ALL computer, including the hidden shares with $ at the end of their name. Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Monitoring Shared Folders: Computer Management to Monitor Shared Folders Computer Management Most comprehensive to way monitor shares Shared Folders System Tool has three nodes for monitoring and managing shared folders Shares Sessions Open Files Figure 5-24 Shares view in Computer Management Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Self-Assessment What does the Disk Management console report the status of the disk as when it recognizes that the disk does not belong to that computer? True or False: The encrypt attribute is only supported on volumes and partitions formatted with the NTFS file system. Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.  Summary Windows 10 supports MBR and GPT partition styles that use basic and dynamic disk technology to organize data into partitions and volumes on physical disks Initial disk management activities include preparing new disks for use and moving disks Virtual Hard Disks (VHDs) are natively supported by Windows 10 and can be managed as a basic disk once the VHD is attached in the OS Storage Spaces technology is software based and used to combine physical disk drives into a managed pool The primary file systems used to format bulk storage are FAT, NTFS, ReFS, and UDF Users and applications can use drive letters or mount points to access partitions and volumes NTFS allows the use of file system objects called symbolic links that transparently point to files and folders in other locations Given an NTFS-formatted source location, a copy operation will create content in a destination location NTFS and ReFS share a security model, as ReFS appears to the user as a subset of NTFS functionality Sharing the Public folder is an easy way to share files on the network When you share any folder you can use Share tab in File Explorer or the “Share with” menu item Wright and Plesniarski, Microsoft Specialist Guide to Microsoft Exam MD-100: Windows 10, 1st Edition. © 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.