Drug Pharmacokinetics in Special Populations Questions PDF

1. Which of the following best explains why neonates are at increased risk of systemic toxicity from topically applied drugs? A) Higher plasma albumin levels B) Increased CYP450 activity C) Increased total body surface area to body mass ratio D) Decreased glomerular filtration rate Answer: C 2. In...

1. Which of the following best explains why neonates are at increased risk of systemic toxicity from topically applied drugs? A) Higher plasma albumin levels B) Increased CYP450 activity C) Increased total body surface area to body mass ratio D) Decreased glomerular filtration rate Answer: C 2. In neonates, the oral absorption of drugs is often delayed because: A) Increased gastric acid production B) Rapid gastrointestinal motility C) Slow gastrointestinal motility D) Increased plasma protein binding Answer: C 3. The volume of distribution (Vd) for hydrophilic drugs in neonates is generally: A) Lower than in adults B) The same as in adults C) Higher than in adults D) Unaffected by age Answer: C 4. Which statement about plasma protein binding in neonates is correct? A) Neonates have higher albumin levels than adults B) Neonates have lower albumin levels, leading to less plasma protein binding C) Neonates have increased plasma protein binding D) Plasma protein binding is not relevant in neonates Answer: B 5. The half-life of phenytoin in neonates (0-2 days) is approximately: A) 6 hours B) 18 hours C) 80 hours D) 24 hours Answer: C 6. CYP450 enzyme activity in neonates is: A) Substantially higher than adults B) The same as adults C) Substantially lower than adults D) Not present Answer: C 7. Renal elimination of drugs in neonates is: A) Higher than adults B) Lower than adults C) The same as adults D) Unaffected by age Answer: B 8. By what age is glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in children typically at adult levels? A) 1 week B) 1 month C) 6-12 months D) 2 years Answer: C 9. When dosing drugs in children, which is the most common method? A) Fixed adult dose B) Dose per body surface area C) Dose per mg/kg body weight D) Dose per age Answer: C 10. Which of the following is NOT a reason why neonates and children are not just miniature adults in pharmacokinetics? A) Different body composition B) Different enzyme activity C) Different organ maturity D) Identical drug absorption rates Answer: D Pregnancy & Foetus 11. Which Australian pregnancy drug category includes drugs that have caused or may be suspected of causing harmful effects on the foetus or neonate without causing malformations? A) Category A B) Category B C) Category C D) Category D Answer: C 12. Which drug category is considered absolutely contraindicated in pregnancy due to high risk of permanent foetal damage? A) Category A B) Category C C) Category D D) Category X Answer: D 13. Which of the following is a teratogen? A) Substance causing genetic mutations B) Substance causing cancer C) Substance interfering with normal foetal development D) Substance causing increased GFR Answer: C 14. The critical period for drug-induced gross malformations in the foetus is: A) 0-16 days B)