UTS Lesson 1 (Philosophical Construction of Self).pptx

LESSON 1 Philosophical Construction of Self Ms. Rasmin Joy Ilagan  Content 1 s 4 SOCRATES ST. AUGUSTINE 2 PLATO 5 DESCARTES 3 KANT 6 LOCKE  Introduction There are many philosophical perspectives...

LESSON 1 Philosophical Construction of Self Ms. Rasmin Joy Ilagan  Content 1 s 4 SOCRATES ST. AUGUSTINE 2 PLATO 5 DESCARTES 3 KANT 6 LOCKE  Introduction There are many philosophical perspectives that deal with the understanding of the self. Philosophy of man is a being or self and its ultimate reason forPHILOSOPHY being. Philo= love of Sophia= wisdom  Introduction The human nature of man is made up of many components that unified and harmonized  Physicalin the self:  Intellectual  Moral  Religious  Social  Aesthetics  Political  Sensual  Sexual In these components, the self is the whole  Economics man, but taken in totality man, the self is imbued with reason, free will, and responsibility.  Religi on Moral Spirit MAN ual Emotio Ration The Crown of nal al Politic Creation Physic al al Social  The early philosophers had the ideas that the proper way to solve the problem of the man—the self, is to first inquire and discover the true nature of man. S“ocra Art of tes Questioning”  “Know Thyself” Unexamined life is not worth living. One must live a good meaningful and virtuous life. Promotes rational thinking. o cra t es Believes in dualism (body S and soul)  “Know One of the mankind greatest teachers in Athens. Thyself” Introduced the Socratic Method or Dialectic Style, a method of inquiry where art of questioning (question and answer) is practiced. It o cra t es has two processes: S 1. Ironic process 2. Maieutic process Ironic Process technique of posing simple questions, as if one were ignorant, to expose the ignorance or flaws in others’ arguments EXAMPLE: An English Teacher pretends to not know the Subject-Verb Agreement o cra t es and lets her students explain what it S is. Along the way, she finds out that they do not know SVA based on Maieutic Process Draws truth out of people’s mind by means of dialogue or conversation. EXAMPLE: A History Teacher engaged in a conversation with his students on the different periods in the o cra t es Philippine History. He started asking S questions, then redirected on telling stories about the Philippine history.  P l a t o “The Ideal Pe r f e c t M a n” Dichotomy The dichotomy is reflected in his idea of the nature of man. In this idea, he believed that human beings are composed of TWO things: BODY and SOUL. Pl ato Soul=true self; permanent; unchanging self Body= not the real self;  “Theory of Man, in his present earthly existence, is just an Idealism” imperfect copy of his original self—the perfect man in the areas of ideas. Man can regain his perfection, which he lost Pl ato during his earthly life, through recollection and imitation of his ideal  “Theory of Realms of Existence: World of forms Forms”  The ideal world  Perfect reality, abstract, eternal, authentic World of appearances  Imitation Pl ato  Imperfect, physical, sensory experiences  Shadow of forms  SELF is an immortal soul in a mortal perishable body. SOUL is the essence of man. It is what makes a man a man. Man in his original state was pure soul which is not tied to the body. A soul exists and could exist apart from the body. It has three faculties: Pl ato  Reason- intellect and will  Passion- drives and emotion  “If we are ever to have pure knowledge of anything, we must get rid of to Pl a the body and contemplate  Ka n t “Human Ra t i o n a l i t y ”  Categorical Moral laws that ALL PEOPLE must follow regardless of Imperative their desires and circumstances (i.e. DO NOT KILL) a nu el Imm Ka n t Deontology According to him, man can create for himself the good and the rational being. Moral obligation is universal and excuses no one because it is the supreme and fundamental a nu el law of human nature. Imm Specifically, one’s moral Ka n t obligation is called DUTY Autonomous Human rationality makes the person “autonomous” moral being. Autonomous was derived from the Greek words Auto (self) and nomous (law); thus, self-rule. a nu el Therefore, autonomy of the Imm will implies self-regulation. Ka n t  The person performs the moral “ought” in relation to the inner law of the will. All good comes from the moral “ought” which is the authoritative principles that dictate human action. For Kant, the essence of a nu el morality is found in the Imm motive from which the act is Ka n t done.  St. “Philosophy A u g u s”t i o f M a n  Man of God Man is bifurcated in nature (body and soul/ dualism) Faith over reason Promotes INDOCTRINATION (accepting beliefs without questioning) GOAL: spiritual union with ug usti ne God by living a good life. St. A Happiness can only be attained until one is united Eudaimonia Philosophy of man harmonizes and put together to a wonderful blend and unity the wisdom of Greek philosophy and the desired truth contain in the Sacred Writings. ug usti ne All of which has in common St. A with the “eudaimonic” in character—it makes Descar “Thinking tes Thing”  Father of Modern Philosophy Believes in dualism: mind and body are separate and very distinct from one another The mind is conjoined with the body in such an intimate way that they casually act upon each other. R e ne e sc a rte s D  I think, Cogito ergo sum. therefore I He emphasized that the consciousness of mind leads to an evidence of one’s existence— am despite the fact that he is doubting the existence of everything physical, including his own body; thus, being a purely R e ne thinking being. e sc a rte s One can doubt whether he has D real body or it’s just trick of  Oneself is his/her own body and mind, but these two are still distinct from each other. The body can be described in a precise structured manner (beautiful, tall, slender, etc.), but the mind is not contained like that and is allowed to pursue its own thoughts. R e ne e sc a rte s D The essence of the SELF is in its being a thinking being—the SELF being the Mind more than the body. R e ne e sc a rte s D  Locke “ Re p r e s e n t a t i v e Re a l i s m ”  “Essay Concerning Human Understanding”: Locke’s greatest work is Locke’s greatest composed of four books: work Book 1- humans have NO innate knowledge (tabula rasa/ blank slate) Book 2- ideas come from n Loc ke experiences (sensation/ senses/ Joh external world; reflection/ mind/ internal/mental processes  “Essay Concerning Human Understanding”: Book 3- role and connection of Locke’s language greatest work in the idea and knowledge formation. Book 4- reflections/ limits of knowledge. - relation of reason and n Loc ke faith. Joh  Self as a The Memory concept of a person’s memory is the definition of the self. We are the same person as we were in the past for as long as we can remember something from n Loc ke the past. Joh The memory renders us self- conscious that we are that one  ACTIVITY Look at everybody in the class. Pick one from your classmates whom you are interested to know. Then, write down your impression of that classmate. Write your impressions in a ¼ yellow paper. You will be asked to share what you wrote to the class.  Thank you for listenin g!