Unit-1-Basic-Intro-to-Computers.pdf

Iloilo Science and Technology University Computer Department ICT 1: Introduction to Information Technology UNIT 1 – Basic Introduction to Computers Computer – a programmable machine/device that can st...

Iloilo Science and Technology University Computer Department ICT 1: Introduction to Information Technology UNIT 1 – Basic Introduction to Computers Computer – a programmable machine/device that can store, receive, and process data. Two characteristics of a computer are: Responds to a specific set of instructions Execute a prerecorded list of instructions Components of A Computer Input Unit – devices that are attached/connected to the computer. It is used to provide data to the processor for further processing. Central Processing Unit – the brain of the computer. This is the control center of the computer. The CPU executes the required computation or process and then stores/displays the output. Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) – the main component and the building block of CPU. It performs mathematical calculations and takes logical decisions. Control Unit – coordinates and controls the data flow, carries out the instructions in a program, decodes the instruction, interprets it, and sends control signals to I/O devices until the operation is done. Memory Registers – temporary memory of CPU. These are used to store the data which is directly used by the processor. Advantages and Disadvantages of the Computer Advantages Disadvantages Increased Efficiency and Accuracy Physical and Mental Health Risks Automation Security Risks Multitasking Privacy Risks Ease of Access Cybercrimes Storage Misinformation Reduction of Costs E-waste Education Social Downsides  Iloilo Science and Technology University Computer Department ICT 1: Introduction to Information Technology Internet vs Network Network – a collection of two or more connected computer systems that may share resources like an internet connection, a printer, an app, etc. Internet – a global network of interconnected smart devices. Network Internet A group of 2 or more computer systems A global network Limited coverage Covers a larger geographical area Provides link between computers and network- Provides connection between many networks enabled devices Limited number of computer systems Millions of computer systems can be linked (thousands) simultaneously Computer Software A program that enables a computer to perform a specific task, as opposed to the physical components of the system. There are 3 types of software: System, Utility, and Application Software. System Software – the bottom layer. It is the connection between hardware and application software. Utility Software – a part of the system software that performs specific tasks to keep the computer running. It is always running in the background. Application Software – Everything else! Information System Hardware – the physical component used for input, output, and processing. Software – programs used to control and coordinate the hardware components. Database – raw facts and figures that are unorganized and are later processed to generate information. Network – collection of devices that are interconnected. Human Resources – manpower required to run and manage the system.