System Software: Terms and Concepts PDF

System Software Terms and Concepts  1 Two Main Categories of Software System Software Application Software 2  2 The software that manages a computer's hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs. It...

System Software Terms and Concepts  1 Two Main Categories of Software System Software Application Software 2  2 The software that manages a computer's hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs. It allows communications between computer hardware and software applications, allowing the software to interact with the hardware. Operating System 3  3 The ______ provides services such as memory management, process management, device management, file management, and security, among others. Operating System 4  4 List some Operating Systems (OS). Windows IOS Linux MacOS Android ChromeOS 5  5 A ____ program is designed to perform specific task to make common computing tasks easier and more efficient, such as disk cleanup, file compression, backup and recovery, system maintenance, and security. Utility (tool) 6  6 _______ refers to software in which the source code of a software program is made available to the public for use, modification, and distribution meaning anyone can use and make changes to the program. Open Source Example: Linux 7  10 Paying a recurring (monthly or annual) fee for ongoing access to a product or service such as media, software, and entertainment. Subscription 8  7 Platform (System Platform) Usually refers to what Operating System and CPU (Processor) you have in your system. For example, I could say my platform is running Windows on an Intel I7. 9  8 An operating system designed to handle and execute applications that require real-time computing, such as those that involve controlling hardware devices and processing sensor data. Applications include automotive (cars), aerospace (airplanes), medical devices, point-of-sales (retail stores), and consumer electronics. Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) 10  9 An operating system designed to support and manage computer networks. It is multiuser which allows users to login and use different devices on the same network with one username. Examples are Linux, Microsoft Windows Server, and macOS Server. Networking Operating System (NOS) 11  Types of Interfaces for an OS Command-Line Graphical User Touch-Based Interface Interface (CLI): Interface (GUI) Uses gestures such as tapping, Typing text-based commands Uses graphical elements such swiping, and pinching on the used by advanced users and as windows, icons, menus, and screen or display. system administrators. buttons Voice-Based Interface Web-Based Interface Uses voice commands for Interacting with the OS using a hands-free interaction. web browser often used for remote access and management of servers. 12  10 When the main memory (RAM) is running low because you have too many applications running, the OS will use ___________ by temporarily transferring data from random-access memory (RAM) to disk storage (SSD or HDD). Virtual Memory 13  11 A software program (file or files) that allows the operating system to communicate with a hardware deviceso you can use it, such as printers, scanners, graphics cards, sound cards, network cards, etc. Without this program the hardware may not work properly or at all. Device Driver 14  12 Technology that enables a computer system to detect and automatically configure newly installed hardware devices without requiring manual intervention. Connect the device (printer, mouse, keyboard) and start to use it. The OS automatically installs the device driver. Plug and Play (PnP) 15  13 Firmware (a type of software) that is built into the computer's motherboard stored in ROM and is responsible for controlling the basic input/output operations of the computer system. It performs several critical functions during the startup process of the computer system including checking the hardware components installed in the system and verifies that they are working properly BIOS 16  Hierarchical Structure Multiple Layers Drives Root Folder Storage devices such as SSD Folders (Directories) The main or top-level folder drives or logical partitions that contains all other folders Organize files and other created on a physical device. and files. Also called home folders in a hierarchy meaning Example Windows C: multiple levels of subfolders, folder or root directory. macOS Macintosh HD creating a tree-like structure. Files System Libraries The basic units of storage that Folders that contain system contain data, information, or files and programs for code. Files are saved in folders operating systems and and directories. Examples are applications. documents, pictures, audio file, video file, etc. 17 Hierarchy Example 18  11 The location of a file including the drive, Primary folder (root directory) and subfolders (directories). Example: C:\Users\siddiq\Documents\Courses\PCS112 S23\System Software Terms.pptx File Path 19  10 A series of characters consist of a period (.) followed by a few letters at the end of a file name that indicates the type of file and the software that can be used to open it. For example, a file named "example.docx" indicates that it is a Microsoft Word document. File extension (file type) 20  12 The process of reducing the size of a file by encoding it in a more efficient way. Compressed files take up less disk space and can be transferred over the internet more quickly than their uncompressed files. File Compression 21  11 Making copies of important files or entire systems for the purpose of safekeeping and disaster recovery. An example would be to save your phone data (pictures, contacts, applications) on iCloud. Backup 22  10 Software applications that are designed to make it easier for people with disabilities to use computers and other digital devices. These utilities can help people with visual (blind), auditory (cannot talk), physical (deaf), or cannot type or use mouse. Accessibility utilities or programs 23  THANKS! The Terms and Meaning will be posted in E-Learning 24