Software.pdf

Interface Mechanism that allows a user or object to interact with another object Example: - A person wants to turn the light on: The interface is the switch - A person wants to control TV: Remote control OS The most important software. interface between the computer and the user Interface bet...

Interface Mechanism that allows a user or object to interact with another object Example: - A person wants to turn the light on: The interface is the switch - A person wants to control TV: Remote control OS The most important software. interface between the computer and the user Interface between program and software, hardware Common OS: - Windows, Mac OS, Unix, Android, iOS, Chrome OS, Ms-DOS, - Linux: Ubuntu, Red Hat, mint OS -> Distributions Basic function of OS - Provide common functions used by many applications (provide common services) - Ex: input from keyboards - The application will request OS system input(). The OS will know how to perform it - Application developers don't need to think about differences in hardware. OS function Manages hardware and software resources of a system Desktop computer: - Processor - Memory - Disk Space Phone: - Keyboard - Screen - Address book - Phone dialer - Network Connection - The battery OS functions: - Input and output function - File management - Manage data - Access to hardware - Task management(Process management) - Memory Management: For efficient use, when to use/preserve it. Boot Process: BIOS (Basic Input Output System) initiates the bootstrap sequence (boot sequence) Saved on ROM on the motherboard BIOs find the bootstrap loader: Load the OS in RAM File Management: Files are managed hierarchically using folders (tree structure is created) Windows Example File paths: Represent the location of a file Absolute File Path: First file path Relative File Path: Second file path FAT File Allocation Table: - Knows where the files are - Knows where free parts are in the Hard Drive - When deleted, the file still remains in HD, but FAT marks it as free space. RecoveryTool: Bypass FAT, look directly into the hard drive User Interface (UI) - Facilitates interaction between humans and computers - Interface between User and computer CUI - Command Line interface - Old terminal only handles characters - Operated from a console or terminal software using a keyboard - Is, pwd, vi are input as “commands” - Can be combined into complex operations GUI - Graphical user interface - Allows interaction using WIMP  - Window; Runs a self-contained program, isolated from other programs - Icon: Shortcut to an action the comp performs - Menu: text, icon-based selection method that selects and execute prog. - Pointer: Onscreen symbol that represents movement that user controls(mouse) NUI - Natural UI - Voice Commands, eyes as input Software(program) Collection of interaction CPU executes programs, software contains those instructions Programming - Creating software using instructions and algorithms - Written using programming languages(Source code or code) - Basic, Fortran, PERL, Objective C Compiling Special software that translates code (programming lan) to executable (in binary), to be interpreted by the CPU. Office Suite (includes word processor, spreadsheet, and presentation software, data management system) Ex: Microsoft Office, Libre Office, Google Docs Communication Software: Software for text, voice, and video Entertainment Software: VLC player (playing games, listening to music) Custom Software: Specific requirements to the client App: Program; Usually for mobile. Managing Software: - Install Software - Downloading, using a medium (DVD) - Maintain Software - Update the software: new functionality, for bugs and security holes, - Uninstalling Software AR and VR Virtual Reality (VR) immerses users in digital environments, while Augmented Reality (AR) overlays digital elements onto the real world