REVIEWER-NI-SHE-ABTT.pdf

REVIEWER NI SHE (ABTT) Desktop Computers What is a Computer? You may already know that you can use a computer to type documents, A computer is an electronic send email, play games, and browse device...

REVIEWER NI SHE (ABTT) Desktop Computers What is a Computer? You may already know that you can use a computer to type documents, A computer is an electronic send email, play games, and browse device that manipulates the Web. Desktop computers are information, or data. It has the designed to be placed on a desk, and ability to store, retrieve, and they're typically made up of a few process data. different parts, inlucding the computer case, monitor, keyboard, You may already know that you and mouse. can use a computer to type documents, send email, play Laptop Computers games, and browse the Web. The second type of computer you may be familiar with is a laptop computer You can also use it to edit or commonly called a laptop. create spreadsheets, Laptop are battery-powered presentations, and even videos. computers that are more portable than desktops, allowing you to use Hardware VS. Software them almost everywhere. Hardware is any part of your Tablet Computers computer that has a physical Tablet computers - or tablets are structure, such as the keyboard or handheld computers that are even mouse. It also includes all of the more portable than laptops. computer's internal parts. Instead of a keyboard and mouse, tablets use a touch-sensitive screen Software is any set of instruction that for typing and navigation. The iPad is tells the hardware what to do and how an example of a tablet. to do it. Everything you do on your computer Servers will rely on both hardware and A server is a computer that serves up software. information to other computers on a network. For example, whenever you use the Internet, you're looking at something that's stored on a server. Many businesses also use local file PCS servers to store and share files This type of computer began with the internally. original IBM PC that was introduced in 1981. Other companies began Other types of computer creating similar computers, which * Smartphones: Many cell phones were called IBM PC Compatible (often can do a lot of things computers can shortened to PC). do, including browsing the Internet and playing games. They are often Today, this is the most common type called smartphones. of personal computer, and it typically * Wearables: Wearable technology is includes the Microsoft Windows a general term for group devices - operating system. including fitness trackers and smartwatches - that are designed to Macs be worn throughout the day. These The Macintosh computer was devices are often called wearables for introduced in 1984, and it was the short. first widely sold personal computer * Game Console: A game console is with graphical user interface, or GUI. specialized type of computer that is All Macs are made by one company used for playing video games on your (Apple), and they almost always use TV. the Mac OS X operating system. * TVs: Many TVs now include applications -or apps - that let you BASIC PARTS OF COMPUTER access various types of online content. For example, you can stream Computer Case video from the Internet directly onto * The computer case is the metal your TV. and plastic box that contains the main components of the computer, PCs and Macs including the motherboard, central Personal computers come in two processing unit (CPU), and power main styles: PC and Mac are fully supply. The front of the case usually functional, but they have a different has an On/Off button and one or look and feel, and many people prefer more optical drives. one or another. * Computer cases come in different shapes and sizes. A desktop case lies flat on a desk, and the monitor usually sits on top of it. A tower case is tall Mouse and sits next to the monitor or on the * The mouse is another important floor. All-in-one computers come tool for communicating with with the internal components built computers.Commonly known as a into the monitor, which eliminates pointing device, it lets you point to the need for a separate case. objects on the screen, click on them, and move them. Monitor * There are two main mouse types: The monitor works with a video optical and mechanical. card, located inside the computer The optical mouse uses an electronic case, to display images and text on eye to detect movement and is easier the screen. Most monitors have to clean. control buttons that allow you to The mechanical mouse uses a change your monitor's display rolling ball to detect movement and settings, and some monitors also have requires regular cleaning to work built-in speakers. properly. Newer monitors usually have LCD Mouse Alternatives (liquid crystal display) or LED Trackball: A trackball has a ball that (light-emitting diode) displays. These can rotate freely. Instead of moving can be made very thin, and they are the device like a mouse, you can roll often called flat-panel displays. Older the ball with your thumb to move the monitors use CRT (cathode ray tube) pointer. displays. CRT monitors are much larger and heavier, and they take up Touchpad: A touchpad —also called a more desk space. trackpad -is a touch-sensitive pad that lets you control the pointer by making a drawing motion with your Keyboard finger. The keyboard is one of the main ways to communicate with a Touchpads are common on laptop computer. computers. There are many different types of keyboards, but most are very similar and allow you to accomplish the same basic tasks. BUTTONS AND PORTS ON Monitor Port COMPUTERS * This is where you'll connect your monitor cable. Optical Disc Drive * Sometimes the computer has both a DisplayPort and a VGA port. Often called a CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive, this lets your computer read Other computer may have other CDs and DVS. types of monitor ports, such as DVI (digital visual interface) or HDMI Power Button (high-definition multimedia The power button is used to power interface) the computer ON and OFF Audio In / Audio Out Ethernet Port Many Computer includes audio port * This port looks a lot like the on the front of the computer case that modem or telephone port, but it is allow you to easily connect speakers, slightly wider. microphones, and headsets without * You can use this port for fumbling with the back of the networking and connecting to the computer. Internet. USB (Universal Serial Bus) Port * Most desktop computers have PS/2 several USB Ports. These can be used * These ports are sometimes used to connect almost any type of device, for connection the mouse and including mice, keyboards, printers, keyboard. and digital cameras. * Typically, the mouse port is green * They will often appear on the front and the keyboard port is purple. and back of the computer. * On new computers, these ports have been replaced by USB. Serial Port Printers * This port is less common on * A printer is used to print today's computers. documents, photos, and anything else * It was frequently used to connect that appears on your screen. peripherals like digital cameras, but * There are many types of printers, it has been replaced by USB and other including inkjet, laser and photo types of ports. printers. * There are even all-in-one-printers, Expansion Slots which can also scan and copy These empty slots are where documents. expansion cards are added to computers. Scanners * A scanner allows you to copy a For example, if your computer did not physical image or documents and come with a video card, you could save it to your computer as a digital purchase one and install it here. (computer-readable) image. * Many scanners are included as part Power Socket of an all-in-one-printer, although you This is where you'll connect the can also buy a separate flatbed or power cord to the computer. handheld scanner. Peripherals you can use with your Speakers/headphones computer * Speaker and headphones are * The most basic computer setup output devices, which means they usually includes the computer case, send information from the computer monitor, keyboard, and mouse, but to the user - in this case, they allow you can plug many different types of you to hear sound and music. devices into the extra ports on your * Depending on the model, they may computer. connect to the audio port or the USB * These devices are called port. peripherals. Microphones * A microphone is a type of input device, or a device that receives information from user. * You can connect a microphone to * Whenever you buy an electronic record sound or talk with someone devices, such a mobile phone or MP3 else over the internet. player, check to see if it comes with a * Many laptop computer come with USB cable. built-in microphones. * If it does, this means you can most likely connect it to your computer. Web cameras * A web camera - or webcam - is a INSIDE A COMPUTER type of input devices that can record videos and take pictures. Motherboard * It can also transmit video over the * The motherboard is the internet in real time, which allows for computer's main circuit board. video chat or video conferencing with * It's a thin plate that holds the CPU, someone else. memory, connector's for the hard drive and optical drives, expansion Game Controllers and joystick cards to control the video and audio A game controller is used to control connections to your computer's ports computer games. (such as USB ports) * The motherboard connect directly There many other types of controller or indirectly to every part of the you can use, including joysticks, computer. although you can use your mouse and keyboard to control most games. CPU/processor The central processing unit (CPU), Digital Cameras also called a processor is located * A digital camera lets you capture inside the computer case on the pictures and videos in a digital motherboard. format. * By connecting the camera to your Whenever you press a key, click the computer's USB port, you can transfer mouse, or start an application you're the images from the camera to the sending instruction to the CPU. computer. * The CPU is usually a two-inch Mobile phones, MP3, tablet computer ceramic square with a silicon chip and other devices. located inside. * A processor's speed is measured in people add extra RAM to their megahertz(MHz), million of computers to improve performance. instruction per second; and gigahertz (GHz), or billion of instructions per Hard Drive second. * The hard drive is where your software, documents, and other files are stored.The hard drive is RAM long-term storage, which means the (random access memory) data is still saved even if you turn the * RAM is your system's short-term computer off or unplug it. memory. * Whenever your computer Power Supply Unit performs calculations, it temporarily The power supply unit in a stores the data in the RAM until it is computer converts the power from needed. the wall outlet to the type of power * This short term memory needed by the computer. It sends disappears when the computer is turn power through cables to the off. motherboard and other components. * If you're working on a document, If you decide to open the computer spreadsheet, or other type of file, case and take a look, make sure to you'll need to save it to avoid losing it. unplug the computer first. Before When you save a file, the data is touching the inside of the computer, written to the hard drive, which acts you should touch a grounded metal as long-term storage. object—or a metal part of the computer casing-to discharge any static buildup. Static electricity can be RAM transmitted through the computer (random access memory) circuits, which can seriously damage * RAM is measured in megabytes your machine. (MB) or gigabytes (GB). The more RAM you have, the more things your Expansion Cards computer can do at the same time Most computers have expansion * If you don't have enough RAM, you slots on the motherboard that allow may notice that your computer is you to add various types of expansion sluggish when you have several cards. These are sometimes called programs open. Because of this, many PCI (peripheral component interconnect) cards. You may never commonly built into the motherboard need to add any PCI cards because or included in a wireless network most motherboards have built-in card. For computers that don't have video, sound, network, and other Bluetooth, you can purchase a USB capabilities. adapter, often called a dongle. Video card UNDERTANDING OPERATING The video card is responsible for SYSTEM what you see on the monitor. Most computers have a GPU (graphics What is an operating system? processing unit) built into the An operating system is the most motherboard instead of having a important software that runs on a separate video card. If you like playing computer. graphics-intensive games, you can It manages the computer's memory add a faster video card to one of the and processes, as well as all of its expansion slots to get better software and hardware. performance. It also allows you to communicate with the computer without knowing Network card how to speak the computer's language. Without an operating The network card allows your system, a computer is useless. computer to communicate over a network and access the Internet. It can either connect with an Ethernet The operating system's job cable or through a wireless Your computer's operating system connection (often called Wi-Fi). Many (OS) manages motherboards have built-in network all of the software and hardware on connections, and a network card can the computer. Most of the time, there also be added to an expansion slot. are several different computer programs running at the same time, Bluetooth card (or adapter) and they all need to access your Bluetooth is a technology for wireless computer's central processing unit communication over short distances. (CPU), memory, and storage. It's often used in computers to communicate with wireless keyboards, mice, and printers. It's The operating system coordinates all of this to make sure each program gets what it needs.