Quarter 3: Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion - St. Augustine Academy of Pampanga PDF

1 QUARTER 3: Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion | St. Augustine Academy of Pampanga LESSON 1: MOLDING THE SHERLOCK WHAT IS AN INQUIRY OR HOLMES IN YOU INVESTIGATION? SHERLOCK HOLMES ​ To observe or...

1 QUARTER 3: Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion | St. Augustine Academy of Pampanga LESSON 1: MOLDING THE SHERLOCK WHAT IS AN INQUIRY OR HOLMES IN YOU INVESTIGATION? SHERLOCK HOLMES ​ To observe or study by close Sherlock Holmes is a fictional detective examination and systematic created by British author Sir Arthur inquiry. Conan Doyle. Sherlock Holmes is a ​ Investigations aim to reach a detective. conclusion based on the ​ He first appeared in the novel A gathered evidence and facts. Study in Scarlet in 1887 and Inquiries may or may not have a specific conclusion, as their purpose became one of the most famous is often focused on knowledge literary characters in history acquisition rather than reaching a ​ He renowned for his definitive outcome. extraordinary Powers of observation, logical reasoning, ​ refers to the systematic process of seeking information, understanding, and expertise in forensic science, or solutions to a question or which he uses to solve complex problem. criminal cases. evidence data ​ It involves gathering ​ He has been adapted countless , analyzing , times into films, television series, radio plays, and other media, and drawing conclusions making him a cultural icon and based on observations or experiments. symbol of intelligence and problem-solving 5 MAJOR ELEMENTS 0F INQUIRY HSMSP RESPONSIBLE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH ​ This unit aims to teach senior high 1.​ Hypothesize – prediction on the school students the basics of outcome, make a good educated conducting inquiry, investigation, guess and immersion in a scientific 2.​ Strategize – to plan, to develop and objective way. and implement strategy, course of action  2 QUARTER 3: Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion | St. Augustine Academy of Pampanga 3.​ Mobilize – organize, prepare, put into action for a purpose 4.​ Synthesize – make something by combining, create a new and more complex tool 5.​ Publicize – act of promoting, advertising RESEARCH ¬It solve problems with new technological applications and developments, or confirm a hypothesis or theory to expand knowledge and drive progress. 2 TYPES OF RESEARCH 1.​ Applied Research - Often results in new products or technologies that can be widely adopted and commercialized 2.​ Basic Research - may provide enough evidence to prove a a concept or principle, leading to new knowledge or validated theories  3 QUARTER 3: Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion | St. Augustine Academy of Pampanga Parts of a Thesis -​ This page focused on expressing gratitude to 1.THE PRELIMINARIES organizations, agencies or ​ Title Page individuals who, in one way The following information or another, have aided the needs to be on the title page: researchers in finishing the dissertation. - The title (and possibly the sub title) of the ​ Abstract dissertation -​ An abstract presents a brief - First name and summary of the research surname of the author/ paper. authors -​ The aim of the abstract is to - Place and date of briefly provide the reader completion with the most important information from the entire ​ Approval Sheet text. -​ This is to prove that the authors/authors have passed ​ Table of Contents -​ The table of contents is the requirement needed for essentially a topic the dissertation. -​ This is signed by the outline of the research research adviser, paper. panelist and the -​ It is compiled by listing the Department Head headings down to -​ This also states the GRADE whatever level one chooses. obtained by the author/ ​ Table / List of Tables authors. -​ Separate list should be ​ Acknowledgment created for table.  4 QUARTER 3: Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion | St. Augustine Academy of Pampanga -​ These lists should include the CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM AND number and full ITS BACKGROUND name of each table. ​ Introduction This refers to the synopsis of the ​ Figure / List of Figures -​ Illustrations include research discussing the reasons or figures, diagrams, situations which led the researcher photos and plates. to the conceptualization of the -​ Illustrations are usually research topic. The researcher should numbered sequentially in Arabic present pre-existing Numerals. problems related to his study taken from local, national, and /or international sources (peer-reviewed journals and other academic publications), and should ​ Appendix / List of Appendices strongly justify the rationale of - Material that document choosing the research problem. The important components of the research process that would be REVIEW OF LITERATURE is included in this section. This section should too lengthy, awkward or point out both consistencies distracting to include within the text should be and contradictions in the included as APPENDICES literature and should be summarized in the researcher’s own words. More in the final document. These importantly, the literature review materials may include pertinent raw data, should make note of gaps in the and as in the proposal, research. consent forms, ​ Conceptual Framework questionnaires, survey form and the like. This includes a discussion of the theory or model that 2. THE BODY OF THE DISS ERTATION provides the conceptual underpinning  5 QUARTER 3: Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion | St. Augustine Academy of Pampanga of the study or the legitimate bases persuasion about the value for the variables under consideration. of the study so as to get The framework helps to explain the approval of the screening and approving committee. the selected from several theories, from previous research results, or ​ Scope and Delimitation from the researcher’s own The scope defines the coverage or experiences. boundaries of the study in terms of ​ Statement of the Problem area or locality and subjects, This refers to the expression of a population covered, and the duration or period of the study. On the one dilemma that needs investigation. It hand, the delimitation refers to the should be broad (main restriction that the researcher placed problem) enough to include on the study prior to data gathering. central concerns, but narrow ​ Definition of Terms (sub-problems) enough in scope to serve as a guide to study design. The researcher must define the ​ Hypothesis IMPORTANT TERMS used in the study. He must provide both This (if applicable) should be highlighted and discussed in this conceptual and section as the interrelationship of operational definitions. the variables are shown in the ​ Acronyms framework. The researcher should express this using the Important acronyms used in the alternative hypothesis. study should be written in this section ​ Significance of the Study CHAPTER 2: METHOD This is the part of the researcher ​ Research Design which justifies the start of the research undertaking. It is the section where the researcher express  6 QUARTER 3: Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion | St. Augustine Academy of Pampanga This section contains the detailed and validity of the instruments scheme of the research. It may be must be presented in this section. experimental or non-experimental in nature. The researcher should write this ​ Data Collection comprehensively by giving The researcher must systematically conceptual definition of the design used and, more importantly, by describe the data collection procedure providing justification of its usage. he plans to do in the conduct of his study. He should write in this section ​ Respondents the ways and means of The researcher should discuss the collecting necessary data from LOCALE where the study will be obtaining permission letters to the actual distribution of the survey CONDUCTED. He must also describe the materials, for example. specific sample ​ Ethical Considerations population, as well as the This section explains the method of sampling design used in the the researcher on how to study. The researcher may want to provide a table to offer a protect his potential quick view of the respondents. respondents in the conduct of the ​ Instruments study (i.e., by securing informed consent, practicing the principles of This section describes the confidentiality, beneficence, justice, right to withdraw from the study, and instrument to be used in the study. the like.) Data collection tools such as questionnaires, survey ​ Statistical Treatment of Data forms, interview guides, and the like are to be discussed. Measures This section explains the specific statistical test to be used in order to in assessing the reliability analyze and interpret the collected data. However, the researcher should  7 QUARTER 3: Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion | St. Augustine Academy of Pampanga not explicitly explain the provide RELEVANT formula and the procedural means LITERATURE that would in dealing with statistics. He should support or contradict the only present which statistical results of the current study. test is to be utilized, and the ​ The researcher must first rationale of choosing the said test. provide a TEXTUAL The researcher should indicate which PRESENTATION. statistical software will be used. ( i.e., Statistical Package for the Social CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSIONS AND Sciences (SPSS) which is available in RECOMMENDATIONS the Research Laboratory) ​ Summary of the Findings The researcher must present this CHAPTER 3: RESULTS ANS section using a brief, non-technical DISCUSSION summary of the results in line with ​ Divide this section by the problem statements found in providing subheadings, Chapter 1. In other words, the which should have researcher should tell the readers meaning and relevance about the MAIN FINDINGS of the to the data. study without using statistical ​ When actually presenting the results, the researcher should terminologies. emphasize the ​ Conclusions meaning of the In writing this section, the researcher statistics. That must return to the Statement is, clearly describewhat it is the researcher is testing and of the Problem and what significance means Hypothesis sections, and for the variables involved. More so, the researcher must  8 QUARTER 3: Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion | St. Augustine Academy of Pampanga then present a generalization from the results of the study. ​ Recommendations This section contains the “should” that result from the study. Further, this gives the opportunity to make suggestions for future research undertakings. ​ References This section includes all materials used by the researcher such as peer-reviewed journals , books, periodicals, speeches from conferences, and the like. The guidelines written in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association ( 6th edition), should be strictly followed. 3. THE REFERENCE MATERIALS  9 QUARTER 3: Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion | St. Augustine Academy of Pampanga PROCESS OF SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION 1.​ Formulating research question 2.​ Review of related literature In the RBM context, consider the 3.​ Formulate hypothesis following guide questions: 4.​ Processing of data 1.​ What research question are you 5.​ Communicating the results trying to address? 2.​ What is the foreseeable impact of LESSON 2: MANAGING A RESEARCH​ the research project? SEVERAL KEYWAYS TO MANAGE A 3.​ What are the possible outcomes RESEARCH PROJECT PROPERLY: generated at the completion of the research study? 1.​ Define Clear Objectives – clear 4.​ What are the expected output and outline of the goal and the research deliverables? project 5.​ How long will the research 2.​ Develop A Detailed Plan – create a undertaking take? comprehensive project plan that 6.​ What objectives should you meet to outlines the task, timeline, ensure that the research question 3.​ Allocate Resources Wisely will be answered? 4.​ Establish Roles and Responsibilities 7.​ What necessary inputs and specific 5.​ Maintain Effective Communication activities must be undertaken to 6.​ Manage Risk Proactively successfully meet these objectives? 7.​ Stay Organized 8.​ What is the projected duration for 8.​ Track Progress and Adjustment each individual activity? 9.​ Encourage Flexibility and 9.​ Who will be responsible for data Adaptability collection? 10.​ Document and Share Results 10.​ When will be the data collected? INTRODUCTION TO RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT (RBM) RBM - Is adopted by most LOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF RBM (Chain of research-funding institutions in Connection between RBM assessing research proposals. Allows Technologies) you to develop a well - planned ​ Inputs or Investments or Resources research. ​ Activities/course of actions  10 QUARTER 3: Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion | St. Augustine Academy of Pampanga ​ Outputs Norms – avoid conflict or professional ​ Immediate Outcome differences about opinion. ​ Intermediate Outcome ​ Impact Misconduct – occurs if the researchers has fabricate, falsifies, or plagiarize. While conducting an inquiry, the RBM framework offers the following ADVANTAGES: FEDERAL LAWS ON RESEARCH 1.​ Focused managing brought about MISCONDUCT by careful and deliberate planning ​ Public concern over research 2.​ Precise assessment leading to misconduct initially arose in the prompt identification and resolution early 1980’s. of problems. ​ At the time, research institutions 3.​ Documented support to sometimes ignored or covered up beneficiaries potential misconduct problems 4.​ Well-Spent funds rather than investigate them. ​ In December 2000 the office of HOW TO PREPARE AN RBM-BASED Science and Technology Policy RESEARCH FRAMEWORK adopted a federal policy on 1.​ Outcomes research misconduct. 2.​ Performance Indicators 3.​ Data Collection Methods 4.​ Baseline Data PURPOSE OF RESEARCH MISCONDUCT POLICIES MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF ​ Establish definitions for research RESEARCH IN RBM misconduct. 1.​ Control ​ Outline procedures for reporting and 2.​ Progress Report investigating misconduct. 3.​ Evaluation ​ Provide protection for whistleblowers and person accused LESSON 3: RESEARCH NORMS AND or misconduct. MISCONDUCTS​ ETHICS IN RESEARCH  11 QUARTER 3: Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion | St. Augustine Academy of Pampanga Ethics - Pertains to the moral principles has no significant contribution to that govern one’s behavior in relation to the paper. any activity. ​ Non-inclusion of outliers from a data set without explaining your Noncompliance with ethical standards reasons for doing so of research can be classified into two: ​ Proceeding with the presentation of 1.​ Research misbehavior. your results to the public even 2.​ Research misconduct. without going through a peer-review process. ​ Enhancing the significance of your research using appropriate In accordance with United States statistical techniques or analytical federal policy, the established code of methods. ethics, though rigorous in its standards, ​ A discrepancy between a is designed to guide researchers in their procedural description and what conduct and may not necessarily be was actually carried out indicative of research misconduct. ​ Improper waste disposal These include the following: ​ Conflict of interest. RESEARCH MISCONDUCT: FABRICATION ​ Poorly maintained research records AND FALSIFICATION and laboratory notebooks ​ Violation of animal welfare in Fabrication - is an act of composing handling laboratory test animals data or results and recording or ​ Submitting for publication one reporting them. paper to two different journals and Falsification - is an act of manipulating concealing such act from both research materials, equipment or publisher. processes. ​ Submitting for publication one paper to two different journals and CONSEQUENCES OF RESEARCH concealing such act from both MISCONDUCT publishers. ​ It affects primarily the integrity of ​ Sabotaging your colleagues’ or the whole process of scientific someone else’s work. Guest or inquiry. ghost authorship even if a colleague  12 QUARTER 3: Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion | St. Augustine Academy of Pampanga ​ It would also mean retraction of journals articles from the reputable HOW RESEARCH MISCONDUCT CAN BE publication circulation, if it has AVOIDED already been published. These Standards pertain to one’s sense ​ It damages the reputation of the of fairness, transparency, and researchers involved. consistency in regard to his or her line ​ The very essence of a scientific of work and in a business dealings. inquiry (being a scholarly work) is tarnished. LESSON 4: BRIDGING THE GAP: LITERATURE SURVEY​ Literature Survey – demonstrates the RESEARCH MISCONDUCT: PLAGIARISM various viewpoints, methodological Plagiarism - Is “the appropriation of solutions, and research results another person’s idea, processes, pertaining to the specific area. More results, or words without giving general or preliminary in nature. appropriate credit”. Literature Review – more comprehensive and critical analysis f the literature. Forms of Plagiarism ​ Cheating ​ Presentation of commissioned work EFFECTIVE LITERATURE ​ Presentation of work or ideas of 1.​ Updated reports and well-tracked another person chronological events show in your ​ Presentation of collaborative work RRL. as individual work 2.​ Avoid biases that may influence the ​ Improper citation of sources outcome of the proposed study. ​ Non-acknowledgement of 3.​ Comparing the thoughts with other references, and research findings, RRL will help them ​ Stealing of information from a work to see the relevance and objective done by another person of a proposed study. IMPORTANCE OF CITATION SOURCE OF INFORMATION IN THIS Strengthens your hypothesis in a DIGITAL AGE research proposal.  13 QUARTER 3: Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion | St. Augustine Academy of Pampanga According to Linus Pauling “The best 1.​ Primary Sources - are those way to have a good idea is to Have a lot containing firsthand information or of ideas.” those that have not been edited Such as transcripts and translations. Basically, literature search satisfies 2.​ Secondary Sources - are those that the functions of have been checked for accuracy 1.​ Establishing what knowledge is and proofread by other parties. available in the field, and ​ 2.​ Determining the next logical step to INTERVIEW - Can be done with an create novel facts.​ expert or any individual that they may have direct knowledge of the subject An argument may be classified as matter. discovery or advocacy (McEvoy, 2009) SURVEY – Is a more formal means of DISCOVERY – deals with realizing the acquiring information. It enables the concepts already found by other researcher to acquire both qualitative researchers in the field. and quantitative information. ADVOCACY - Focuses on PEER REVIEWING – Is done by the editors understanding the limitations of past of the publication groups or experts studies. known in their field or discipline. JOURNAL ARTICLES – Contain an abstract or a section that summarizes the content of the paper including a significant finding. RESEARCHERS TAKE RESPONSIBILITY DATABASES - Are online repositories of FOR: various sources of information. ​ ​ Digging deeper into the next extent Ex. Pubchem, ProQuest, Medline, Web of of the knowledge that was reported, Science, Wikipedia, Google, Etc. ​ Checking the accuracy of that knowledge disseminated to the HOW DO YOU CONDUCT A LITERATURE public, and SEARCH? ​ Linking it to your proposed study ❖​ WHICH SOURCES ARE CREDIBLE? SOURCE OF INFORMATION  14 QUARTER 3: Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion | St. Augustine Academy of Pampanga The credibility of the sources may 1.​ Open MS 2010 by double clicking the be evaluated using the following icon. criteria: 2.​ Click on the References dialog box. ​ A clear statement of objectives 3.​ Select Add New Sources. ​ Relevance and scope of the 4.​ Choose Style by browsing the study choices. ​ Suitability and reliability of the 5.​ Select Insert Citation by pointing the methodology cursor on the scroll bar. Then click, ​ Accuracy of results. 6.​ The “Create Sources’’ dialog box will ​ Appropriateness and specificity appear. of the interpretation​ 7.​ Fill in the required information. For example, for Chicago Fifteenth BIBLIOGRAPHY - Once you have Edition, the following information is selected your materials, bibliographic needed: entries must be made. a.​ Type of source: Book, Book section, Journal Article, Article in CITATIONS a Periodical, Conference ​ To give credit to the authors of the Proceedings or Report. source of your information. b.​ Author ​ To help readers distinguish your own c.​ Title thoughts and claims from those of d.​ Journal Name your sources. e.​ Year ​ To make your writing more f.​ Pages convincing by showing that your information comes from a source. ​ LESSON 5: RESEARCH STRATEGY: PLANNING YOUR OWN RESEARCH​ COMPONENTS OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL 1.​ Title – concise and descriptive 2.​ Abstract – brief summary of the research HOW TO USE MS WORD 2010 TO INSERT CITATIONS:  15 QUARTER 3: Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion | St. Augustine Academy of Pampanga 3.​ Introduction – includes the ​ Identify appropriate background information, context, supporting/funding agencies. and rationale of the study ​ Demonstrate a multidisciplinary and 4.​ Literature Review – demonstrates collaborative approach. the understanding of the existing ​ Prepare high-quality well-written knowledge or for further proposal. investigation. ​ Establish your credentials, 5.​ Research Objective or Questions – qualifications, and expertise, and aligned the research problem to the create an excellent research track objective. record. 6.​ Methodology – includes the ​ Draft a solid and an effective review research design, data collection, of related Literature to demonstrate method sampling strategy, and that your proposed study is feasible. data analysis techniques. ​ Be accountable for every aspect of 7.​ Timeline – various stage of the your work. research study. 8.​ Expected Outcomes – anticipate INTRODUCTION - It is the potential the results or findings in the significance or contribution to existing research problem. knowledge, and its scope and 9.​ Budget – expenses of the materials, limitations. equipment, compensation of the participants and travel. A GOOD INTRODUCTION MUST PROVIDE 10.​ References ANSWERS TO THE FOLLOWING 11.​ Appendices -chart or work plan QUESTIONS: ​ 1.​ What is the research problem? RESEARCH PROPOSAL – Is a very 2.​ How important is the problem? important aspect of the research What is the potential impact of process requiring laborious effort. being able to resolve the problem? SOME USEFUL TIPS IN PREPARING A RESEARCH PROPOSAL (GUYATT, 2006); ​ Pose a well-founded research question.  16 QUARTER 3: Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion | St. Augustine Academy of Pampanga 3.​ How extensive is the work done in planned research approach to address line with the purpose of resolving the research questions. this problem? EXPERIMENTATION – Is undertaken to 4.​ What are the key issues and establish cause-effect relationship. concerns that are still unanswered? VARIABLES – Are factors that can be 5.​ Is your research problem the next manipulated and measured. logical step? What are your INDEPENDENT VARIABLES - Those that expectations and the anticipated can be manipulated and subjected to results from this proposed study? experiments. 6.​ What problems would you like to DEPENDENT VARIABLES – Those that resolve? can be observed upon the subjects 7.​ What would be the scope of your after they have been influenced by proposed study?(This goes back to independent variables. testing the research problem and objectives if they meet the SMART REFERENCES - Is highly important in criteria). your proposal as it will strengthen your 8.​. What are the limitations of the argument by demonstrating study? How will these affect its traceability. outcome? Are the limitations PROPOSED TITLE - Usually comprises reasonable enough if you compare 12-15 words. Must be suggestive of the them with those of the studies? purpose of the planned study and the 9.​ How do you address the research overall goal of inquiry. It should be problem? (You may mention a brief specific self-explanatory. description of the methods.) EXAMPLES OF TITLES AND STYLES OF WRITING REFERENCES METHODOLOGY OR EXPERIMENTAL SECTION - This gives details of your Science Direct Publications  17 QUARTER 3: Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion | St. Augustine Academy of Pampanga 1. Kamiri, Azadeh, Brown, Greg and Hockings, Marc. (2015) “Methods and FLOWCHARTS participatory approaches for identifying ​ Useful features of any research socio-ecological hotspots, “Applied proposals. Geography 63, 9-20. ​ Included to present the proposed American Chemical Society (ACS) stages of research project. Publications ​ Should also be labeled in 2. Bolton, J. and Rzayeb, J. Tandem accordance with what it actually RAFTATRP synthesis of Polystyrene Poly depicts. (Methyl Merthacrylate) Bottlebrush Block Copolymers and Their Self-Assembly into Cylindrical Nanostructures. ACS Macro Lett. 2012, 1, 15-18. Royal Society of Chemistry Publications 3. A. J. Bandodkar, A. M. O’ Mahony, J. Ramirez, I. A. Samek, S. M. Anderson, J. r. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAMS – Illustrate Windmiller and J. Wang. Solid-state specific procedures or methodologies Forensic Finger sensor for integrated that may be quite difficult to visualize sampling abd detection of gunshot mentally. residue and explosives: ‘Lab-on-a-finger’ Analyst, 2013, 138, 5288-5295. BUDGET PROPOSAL - A research undertaking or inquiry can be costly especially if it requires experimentation. GANTT CHART OR WORK PLAN - Contains an itemized list of activities, planned in accordance with the expected outcomes and research objectives.