Psychology Of Learning PDF

Psychology of Learning Chapter 1 Red = Class notes "Learning can thus be defined as...

Psychology of Learning Chapter 1 Red = Class notes "Learning can thus be defined as an observable change Black = Power Point notes in the behavior of a specific organism as a consequence of What ? the environment of that organism" (De Houwer is learning regularities in What is a good scientific definition ? ↓ Hughes , p 4). Precision-does it distinguish between what is What This for learning to have occurred need · means , we : ? to the individual is not learning an observable change Scope-does it The change behavior happens because of the · enough psychological phenomena · cover in Depth-does it agree with findings from other environment condition related fields (e g biology).. A note on Causality - Two main approaches to learning - our definition of learning assumes that we know the casual Functional approach concerned - with the factors direction of environment on behavior Infant - When does does not learning or occur grip example Behaviorism is a good example of the philosophy V Option 1: Repeated exposure lessens reflex behind the functional approach X Option 2 : Infants "grow out" of the reflex ? Thorndike's law of effect Has learning occurred - Good Sometimes , the environment takes time to affect behavior so - of that behavior - consequences - more , Bad consequences NOT occurred ? less of that behavior say that learning has · can we Two main approaches to learning could taking place slowly - · say learning is Functional approach concerned with the factors - What counts as a behavior ? that affect when does does not For this class will consider any observable response learning - or occur , we Cognitive approach - concerned with how the mind as behavior including neurological ones learns Environmental Regularities this how think of learning (memorizing "All states the of the that entail more - is we in environment organism new content , testing your memory) than the presence of a single stimulus or behavior" (p 6). Whenever we learn something , we are adapting to our 1 One. event repeated across time & space environment. 2 Different events together at time place occurring one touching hot store-pain-we learn · ex : a touching. Different events 3 occurring together in multiple times or places not items inflicts pain less likely to touch = we are Imprinting hot objects Adaptation can be at one of two levels : Phylogenetic adaption of species/groups over generations Ontogenetic adaptations adaptations of individual - an - in response to their environment within a lifetime Environmental Regularities Al and learning (NOT ON EXAM) - Complex learning-learning that occurs due to multiple different the environment What is Al ? regularities in moderate learning-learning that Artificial intelligence system that is programed to · is occurs in response a to multiple standard regularities respond to its environment or input meta that involves hierarchical How does Al do regularities learning work ? The same · · way computers - : Search and optimization regularities Learning Effects B Procedures (Boolean) Logic-search engines (and not · , or , · Learning procedure objective set of steps behaviors, Artificial neural networks - - an , etc. to study learning Large language models (GBT) · - Learning effect - the unobservable causal relationship "Learning can thus be defined as an observable change used to describe in the behavior of specific organism as consequence of learning a a Important often regularities the environment of that organism" (DeHouwer to distinguish learning effects in - since are , theoretical or hypothetical ↓ Hughes , p 4). Other Definitions of learning -Based on our definition, does Al learn as we understand Neuroscience definition Learning is how the central nervous - the environment system changes in response to - Behaviorist definition - Learning is the reactions that an individual has to the environment (only extral factors S 3 S 3 7 7 The functional approach ? Functional-Cognitive Framework of Learning Why study learning with a If understand functions of behavior control - we we can , Functional and Cognitive approaches to them Learning Recall that the functional approach is interested in This can be used for benevolent or malevolent purposes when learning occurs to not to That is , what causes learning occur or occur The world functional of mathematical can be thought in a sense interested function · That is , we're in behavior as a of environment regularities the functional used One way approach has been by environment and behavior manipulating the observing changes Functional approach is · of moderators of interested This can reveal several types in when learning learning occurs Nature of the Stimuli behaviors that make · the regularity Cognitive approach is · Nature of the behavior used to test interested how the regularity in Characteristics of the organism being studied learning · occurs Nature of the context That is what mental happening when · are , processes Nature of the regularity learning occurs Regardless of the particular moderators of learning Cognitive learning the presences of mental - assumes being studied functional , psychologists are often looking mechanisms that mediate the relationship between for the abstract principles of learning regularitiesa behavior This means that we try to extract the general ideas of learning rather than focusing on particular examples of it  [S]ocial learning can be defined as the impact of a particular type of regularity on the behavior of an observer—namely, those regularities that (a) involve the behavior of a model as one of its elements (which is why the learning qualifies as being ‘social’) and (b) do not involve the observer’s behavior as one of the elements (which disqualifies learning about others, such as how to influence others, and restricts social learning to learning from others).” (De Houwer & Hughes, 2020, p. 62) Me