Respiratory System PDF

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ACTIVITY 1 Inhale and Exhale Exercises  LEARNING COMPETENCY: Explain how the respiratory system works to transport nutrients, gases, and other molecules to and from the different parts of the body  How many capillaries (smallest blood vessels) are present in t...

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ACTIVITY 1 Inhale and Exhale Exercises  LEARNING COMPETENCY: Explain how the respiratory system works to transport nutrients, gases, and other molecules to and from the different parts of the body  How many capillaries (smallest blood vessels) are present in the lungs? -There are about 200,000, 000 capillaries in the lungs that would extend up to 1,500 miles in length. These capillaries are the sites of gas exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide.  RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Respiration includes all the processes involved in supplying oxygen to the cells of the body and in removing carbon dioxide. When humans inhale, air from outside enters the body through the nose, moves to the nasal cavity, and then moves to the pharynx (throat). Then the air that moves from pharynx passes the epiglottis, and moves, through the larynx (voice box), into the trachea (air tube/ wind pipe). The lower end of the trachea branches into two bronchi leading to the lungs. Nose Nasal Cavity Pharynx Epiglottis Larynx Trachea Bronchus Alveoli  The air humans breathe needs to be filtered to remove unnecessary particles. To prevent these particles to reach the lungs, the nasal cavity, trachea, and bronchi are lined with ciliated cells that secrete mucus.  The lungs provide the blood the oxygen necessary for the individual cells in the body. Lungs -is the major organ of the respiratory system -sponge-like organ that allow gases to pass Diaphragm -a sheet of muscle separating the thorax from the abdomen -also known as thoracic diaphragm -it contracts and relaxes to draw air into and expel air from the lungs. Pharynx -the part of the alimentary canal that extends from the mouth and nasal cavity to the larynx, where it continuous with the esophagus. Epiglottis -organ in the throat covering the glottis when swallowing to prevent food and liquid from entering the trachea glottis- the opening between the true vocal cords, located in the larynx Larynx -an organ of the neck involved in breath control, protection of the trachea and sound production, housing the vocal cords -situated where the upper tracts splits into trachea and esophagus Trachea - cartilaginous tube connecting the larynx to the bronchi -also known as the wind pipe or air tube Bronchus - an airways, which are primary branches of the trachea, leading directly into the lungs  Inside the lungs, the bronchus branches into smaller tubes called bronchioles. The end of bronchioles have tiny sacs called alveoli. Alveoli -are the sacs inside the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide gases exchange. The exchange between air and blood undergo to a process called diffusion. The CO2 leaving the blood through the capillaries, is released from the lungs to outside of the body when humans exhale. In return, oxygen from the air diffuses into the blood vessels.  BREATHING PROCESS Breathing is a mechanical process that enables humans to inhale and exhale gas. The action of the diaphragm and muscles between the ribs makes this possible. When inhaling, the muscles between the ribs contract and rib cage rises, diaphragm flattens, enlarging the chest cavity and drawing air into the lungs. When exhaling, the muscles in the ribs relax, decreasing the volume of the chest cavity and forcing most of the air out of the alveoli sacs.