POS 315 Course Learning Outcomes PDF

POS 315 COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES...

POS 315 COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of the module, you should be able to: 1. demonstrate understanding of the importance of education in the formation of personality as members of society; 2. determine the learning environment that motivates learners to work productively by assuming responsibility for their own learning; 3. explain the concepts and principles of learner-centered teaching based on educational philosophies and research and their application in actual teaching and learning; 4. demonstrate knowledge and understanding of differentiated https://elearningindustry.com/learner-centered-approach-elearning teaching to suit the learners’ gender, needs, strengths, interests and experiences; 5. implement teaching strategies that are responsive to learners’ linguistic, cultural, socio- economic and religious FACILITATING LEARNER- backgrounds; and CENTERED TEACHING 6. identify responsive system of learning environments that promote fairness, respect and care to encourage learning. Property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise of any part of this document, without the prior written permission of SLU, is strictly prohibited. 1  https://www.sessionlab.com/blog/facilitation-skills/ COURSE INTRODUCTION Teaching is always fun and self-fulfilling but challenging at the same time. The teaching profession according to Rev. Father Gilbert B. Sales, CICM, “is essentially a vocation that calls us to help shape the minds and hearts of our students”. These words embody the duties and responsibilities of teachers that when performed effectively, will certainly leave life-long lessons in the hearts and minds of students that whatever or wherever they may be, will be wise and prudent persons. The nature of teaching requires an educator to be equipped with the right and proper knowledge and skills. Shaping the minds and hearts of students as well as raising the youth in the way they should go is not an easy task. If this can be achieved through teaching, thus, teachers shall be well-prepared. They should at least know the basics of education, teaching, and learning. This course will prepare you to be an effective teacher in the future. If ever you will not pursue the teaching profession, at least with your knowledge of the concepts and principles included in this course, you will value education and advocate the protection and preservation of the teaching profession as an indispensable element of the learning process of students. The course begins with a topic on the principles and elements of teaching and learning. Study of the principles and elements of teaching and learning will provide you understanding of the necessity of the other topics. The principles were actually the basis of the other things you need to know about this course, Facilitating Learner-Centered Teaching. Teaching students what they should learn is no longer acceptable. Teaching students how they should learn is now the rule. Thus, learning should not be teacher-centered. In this case teachers serve as facilitators in the classroom. The topics considered in this course will provide you with knowledge and skills that will make you, the future teacher, a facilitator of learning. So Enjoy learning. Remember, a blind man cannot lead other men who are blind”. The DPSS Faculty STELA, SLU Property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise of any part of this document, without the prior written permission of SLU, is strictly prohibited. 2  MODULE 1: PRINCIPLES AND ELEMENTS OF TEACHING AND LEARNING Learning Objectives Having successfully completed this module you will be able to: describe the importance of principles of teaching and learning; Demonstrate understanding of the principles of teaching and learning; Describe the three components of the educative process; Explain the interplay of the three components of the educative process; and Apply meaningfully and effectively the different teaching and learning principles. ENGAGE Concepts of Teaching Teaching remains to be a noble profession. The nobility of teaching comes in different forms like self-giving, sacrifice, commitment and passion to shape the character, potentials, and future of an individual, and many more. For a teacher, the greatest honour he/she can get is that he/she is remembered by the students as a good teacher (A.P.J. Abdul Kalam). Being a teacher no matter how challenging sometimes is also self-fulfilling when teachers see their students do well or had done well. Study some of concepts of teaching below. Teaching as a Ministry: The term ministry connotes a position and responsibility in performing the roles and tasks expected from such position. In application to the concept teaching as a ministry, we see the teacher who is in the position of doing his/her job which is teaching. Though the concept of teaching may mean good or bad teaching, it is expected in the sense of ministry that teachers should deliver good teachings to those entrusted to their care. Teachers should selflessly teach their students and serve them despite cultural differences. As a ministry, teachers are also expected to help the students through good teachings their dreams. They unconditionally extend their assistance to the students so they will be able to think independently, make wise decisions for themselves and others as catalysts of change for the betterment of the society. Teaching as a Vocation: The term vocation can be related to the concept of calling. To be a teacher is a calling and not everyone is called to teach. In fact, Property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise of any part of this document, without the prior written permission of SLU, is strictly prohibited. 3  there are those who choose to teach because it may be the only job available for them to be their source of income. In the end they end up struggling to teach and not able to effectively teach their students. They simply teach for the sake of income. Thus, they do not exert extra mile efforts to enhance their knowledge so they can impart more to their students. This is not the case if teaching is considered as a vocation. Teaching as a vocation connotes that a teacher becomes a teacher because he/she chose to be one. He/she said “YES” to the calling to be a teacher and he/she understands the nature of the road taken. A teacher is committed and passionate. He/she always thinks about the learners and how to teach them well knowing that their education will mold them to be the persons they are expected to be – persons of character and wisdom who can be reliable and competent in their chosen career. When a person responded positively to the call of teaching, he/she understands that self-denial and self-sacrifice are part of it. Teaching as a Profession: The term profession connotes standards, policies, competency, and organization. Indeed, these terms point to the fact the teaching is a profession. It is a profession in the sense that it is bounded by rules. The profession of teaching is regulated by government policies and laws. Presidential Decree 1006 which became effective on 16 January 1977 professionalized teaching in the country and promulgated the crucial and relevant role of teachers in shaping the future of the nation through education. The decree also boosted the morale of teachers by extending to them incentives as well as providing them motivations. Republic Act 7836 of 1994 otherwise known as the Philippine Teachers Professionalization strengthened the regulation and supervision of the practice of teaching in the Philippines and prescribed a licensure examination for teachers. Teaching as a profession means that teachers shall be competent. They should know what they are doing in relation to teaching. Mastery of the courses they teach is one and efficiency in the delivery of lessons for the attainment of learning outcomes is another. The two, however, do not totally encompass the competency of a teacher because teaching is not only teaching students. To be competent, continuing education is a must that is why teachers pursue graduate and post graduate studies to enhance their knowledge and skills so they can effectively teach their students also. Teaching has its own unique professional organization and structure like other professions. These organizations have rules and policies that regulated membership and activities of the organization. They provide support for teachers for their continuing education and other concerns through trainings, workshops, seminars, and forums. Teaching as a Science: Like other professions, teaching must subject itself to an organized and objective planning, preparation and execution of the lessons in Property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise of any part of this document, without the prior written permission of SLU, is strictly prohibited. 4  order to direct the learners towards the different learning episodes. It commits itself to an unbiased analysis, problem-solving and modification of the outcomes of learning. In so doing, the facts and information will be accurate, relevant and readily available to the students. As a science, teaching is inspiring and refreshing craft to the teachers for the laboratory is the classroom itself where meaningful and relevant interaction takes place. In addition, the community of learners, with the guidance and motivation of the teacher, is in constant search and enrichment of their learning inputs and outputs (Serrano & Paez, 2015). The Principles of Effective Teaching and Learning (Principles of Teaching 1 by Serrano and Paez, 2015) The word principles came from the Old French principe, from Latin principium meaning “beginning, foundation,” from Greek princeps meaning “first”. Many definitions are provided by the dictionary but for education in particular, it refers to the fundamental practices in teaching and learning which serves as guide for teachers to effect worthy learning outcomes. Many of the established principles in teaching and learning were derived from well-grounded results of research studies. For example, a comparative study of effective and ineffective teachers in terms of their teaching styles and how they address various and specific needs of learners in spite of their differences, etc.. It mat also come from the viewpoint or judgment of experts or through the best practices employed by model teachers recognized for such. These principles are documented, printed, and relayed by various researchers, authors, and experts to serve as guide for teachers in their practice of the profession. Hence, a teacher’s belief in teaching or his so called “philosophy of teaching” should be guided by a well-established principle in education so that it will blend with what is expected of him as a teacher. A good blend of teaching philosophy with time-tested teaching principles will surely make a difference in students’ life. There are many principles established for the teaching profession which are timely and timeless. Based on an intensive research conducted by Tiberius and Tipping (1990), there are twelve principles of effective teaching and learning. Property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise of any part of this document, without the prior written permission of SLU, is strictly prohibited. 5  PRINCIPLE 1: Teachers’ knowledge of the subject matter is essential to the implementation of important teaching tasks. A teacher’s good foundation about the subject matters is essential to enable him/her to conduct substantial discussion. This will allow him/her to deliver the lesson with ease and confidence and will permit greater possibility for students to be challenged and inspired by the manner on how he/she delivers the information with mastery. Having a wide range of information https://www.kindpng.com/imgv/bRiwow_studies- clipart-school-student-study-students-studying-cartoon/ enables the teachers to transfer meaningful and relevant information to the learners. It takes a good teacher to make every topic functional. Let the students perform out the content. PRINCIPLE 2: Active involvement of the learner enhances learning. To enhance learning, students should be actively involved in the learning process. This is called engagement. Engagement requires the learner’s attention and commitment. Missing any one of the two will result to disengagement. Learners should be seen as active participants in the teaching-learning process. Other than the teacher being the https://www.tmcc.edu/news/2020/03/secondary-education- sole source of information, he/she should announces-two-new-pathways carry out activities that will enhance the learner’s cognitive, affective, manipulative and thinking skills. Teachers should plan and implement engaging activities for the students to intrinsically love learning. PRINCIPLE 3: Interaction between teachers and students is the most important factor in student motivation and involvement. The dynamic atmosphere of allowing the learners to share their talents, interests, experiences, and beliefs to support the cognitive aspect of the lesson are effective means to promote lively interaction in the classroom. The vibrant attitude of the teacher towards the learners is an essential factor to encourage them to join and actively participate in the learning process. Property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise of any part of this document, without the prior written permission of SLU, is strictly prohibited. 6  PRINCIPLE 4: Students benefit from taking responsibility for their learning. As one philosopher said: “You cannot force someone to learn.” Learning can only be activated by the learner himself. This applies to both young and adult learners. Even if you are a good lecturer, there will be times when your students would not even recall the things you’ve said. It fleets like a robber. A teacher should be open-minded to the fact that circumstances like this can happen, thus, he/she should allow learners to figure out the solutions or answers for themselves through proper motivation. The learners must make what they learn as part of themselves (Chickering et al. 1987). PRINCIPLE 5: There are many roads to learning. Based on Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences, “Learners learn in different ways, at different rates, for different reasons”. The various researches on learning styles can also support this statement. There are diverse ways for a learner to learn something. This may be influenced by some factors like their developmental differences, interests, learning aptitude, learning style, and other http://experimentexchange.com/living-systems/test- reasons influencing their attitude towards your-brain-for-its-dominant-side/ learning. Thus, teachers should give a lot of scaffolding behaviour and guide the learners in the maze of learning. PRINCIPLE 6: Expect more and you will achieve more. High expectation from the teachers begets high outcomes from the learners. This means that everyone can be inspired to aim for good academic performance and even right conduct for as long as the teacher is supportive of this goal. It is a given fact that learners differ in terms of their ability: slow, average, and fast learners. Teachers often get annoyed about how slow learners perform in their class. However, in the case of slow learners, if the teacher wants the learners to achieve something, it is the teacher’s role to provide activities that will help, guide, and encourage the learners to perform at their best. Sometimes a teacher gets frustrated about the learners’ outcomes but he/she needs to ponder if he/she provided the necessary input for that outcome. By principle, the teacher should first give the essential foundation and skills through various activities which will be useful and relevant for the desired learning outcomes. “Trust that learners will improve with each try” (Ghandi). It is all about baby steps. Often those baby steps will lead to bigger things. Celebrate success in the classroom! Property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise of any part of this document, without the prior written permission of SLU, is strictly prohibited. 7  PRINCIPLE 7: Learning is enhanced in an atmosphere of cooperation. Learning is collaborative and social, not competitive and isolated. Cooperative learning produces greater student achievement than traditional learning methodologies. Cooperative learning groups set the stage for learners to learn social skills. These skills help build stronger cooperation among groups members. Leadership, decision-making, trust-building, and communication are different skills that are developed in cooperative learning. PRINCIPLE 8: Teaching materials must be meaningful. Meaningful materials refer to its capacity to relay relevant and substantial information. It is imperative that teachers use materials maximally for instruction so that it will serve its purpose. PRINCIPLE 9: Both teaching and learning are enhanced by descriptive feedback. Descriptive feedback refers to the specific Information in the form of marginal comments or conversations that help the learner understand what he needs to do in order to improve. This is a sincere move on the part of the teacher and it is proven effective in the sense that the learner is made aware of his strengths and weaknesses in https://chillingcompetition.com/2020/06/30 /my-feedback-on-the-new-competition-tool/ detail, thus, enabling him to reflect further on the progress he needs to exert to make his performance better next time. Similarly, in teaching, it is helpful if teachers are given prudent feedbacks about their teaching performance to further encourage them to initiate improvement in the way they teach. The KWL strategy can be used before, during, and after the lesson which tracks what a student knows (K), wans to know (W), and has learned (L). This is a good assessment for both teachers and learners on whether successful teaching and learning takes place. Principles 10: Critical feedback is only useful if the leaner has alternatives to pursue. Hearing critical feedback is discouraging and a few understand the benefit of knowing our odds. Therefore, as a ground rule, every critical feedback should offer a solution in order to allow the person to redeem himself from that impression. In life, mistakes are inevitable. However, as Mahatma Ghandi and Martin Luther King said, “Relocate yourself into the student’s circumstances, and help the student overcome his/her negative actions.” Property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise of any part of this document, without the prior written permission of SLU, is strictly prohibited. 8  PRINCIPLE 11: Time plus energy equals learning. This is an interesting equation for learning. Time + Energy = Learning. The metaphor behind the ladder of learning can best explain this equation wherein it tells us that it takes time and effort (energy) to learn something before moving on to the next step. Some learners may succeed climbing up the ladder swiftly while it takes time for http://www.learningladder.org/ecet/site.htm others to do. A patient teacher would see this principle as a challenge to help and see all the learners move up and achieve the learning goal. The teacher should serve as a dynamic catalyst to push up the learners in the best way he/she can. The only thing you cannot recycle is wasted time. Teachers should make use of the time allotted for teaching-learning wisely. This means that effective learning and teaching should never be compromised. PRINCIPLE 12: Experience usually improves teaching. The full cup theory explains that “you cannot give what you do not have”. You need to “walk the talk.” For example, if you are an ecology teacher expected to teach the marine ecosystem, you must have an actual experience of the marine environment itself other than what is described in the textbook. Similarly, if you want to become a well-rounded geography teacher, traveling from one country to another shall be an advantage to deliver the discussion well. The rich blend of theoretical and practical or actual experiences of the course/subject you are teaching can deepen your discussion. Therefore, it is a must for teachers to continually enrich their professional growth so as not to short- change the information they impart to the learners. Speak not from the book, speak from wisdom and experience. Elements of Teaching and Learning The complexity and demands of the contemporary world make education more challenging for both teachers and learners. Teachers are saddled with more and more responsibilities in order achieve the holistic development of the learners. Whatever innovations are made in education for the learners and the teachers who will implement them must address the real issue of transforming the learners in this age of globalization. This important function of education must take place in the spirit of effective interplay between the teachers and the learners and in a conducive learning environment. Property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise of any part of this document, without the prior written permission of SLU, is strictly prohibited. 9  The effective and meaningful interaction between the teacher and the learners in a conducive learning environment will help improve the quality of education. Education in our century is not an intangible entity nor an abstract activity that remains to be unseen by the naked eye. The learner’s positive change must be relevant to an exemplary behavior that should be very evident in this highly competitive world. Figure 1 summarizes the elements of the educative process. Teacher Learner EDUCATION Learning Environment The Interplay of the three elements/components of the educative process The TEACHER Teachers play an essential role in education, most especially in the lives of the students they teach in the classroom. What defines a teacher is his/her ability to teach students and a positive influence on them. Generally, the role of a teacher in education goes beyond teaching. In today’s world, teaching has different faces, and a teacher has to carry out the part of being an external parent, counselor, mentor, role model, and so on. Some of the roles of teachers in education include: ✓ Sharing Knowledge First things first, the primary duty of a teacher is to impart knowledge, and that comes from teaching. Teaching usually entails following a specific curriculum and ensuring that the students understand what is being taught. It is from this role that all other roles of a teacher originate from, because if a teacher fails in carrying out his/her basic responsibility to impart knowledge, then it might be difficult to have any other form of influence on the child. ✓ Role Modeling Although teachers do not see themselves as role models, the truth is they actually are. The amount of time students spends with teachers each day or week makes it possible for them to have a certain level of influence on the Property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise of any part of this document, without the prior written permission of SLU, is strictly prohibited.10  students. It is now down to the teacher to make this influence positive or negative. Being a teacher goes beyond just teaching according to the curriculum, it is about grooming in the child. Teachers don’t only impart knowledge, but they also help with character building as well. ✓ An External Parent The role of a teacher transcends following a specific lesson plan and work schedule. Because both students and teachers spend as much time together, the teacher inadvertently becomes an external parent. Teachers can be a mentor to help set the child on the right path. In this role, the teacher can encourage the student to be the best they can be, and also be a source of inspiration and advice to the students. Teacher’s role in the classroom, society, and world at large, have taken a different turn from what it was back in the day. Over time, teachers were given a specific curriculum to follow, as well as instructions on how to go about teaching the curriculum. In the world today, the teacher’s role has gone beyond teaching. Their role now involves counseling of students, mentoring students, teaching students how to use and apply knowledge in their lives. Teachers are now looking for ways they can impact students on a whole different level, and even inspire them to be more and do more. The LEARNER Student life is the happiest and the most crucial period in the life of a person. It is not just about attending classes in a course and working hard to attain an appropriate level of mastery of a subject under the guidance of an instructor. Student life is a phase where a person acquires the values of hard work for better grades, discipline, punctuality, teamwork, unity, and more, and strive to become a successful and good human being. It is a period of time that shapes an individual and prepares them to face the upcoming challenges of life with courage and strength. As learners, students play a crucial and active role in education. They involve and interact with students and teachers, participate in classroom discussions, and act in a receptive manner. With changing times, the role of learners in education has got subverted from a facilitator to a task monitor. They collect materials for learning and assignments, check on their study times, put back materials at their respective places after using them, and more. Developing excellent communication skills, being friendly and polite, and making practical applications of what they learn are some of the major roles that students play as learners in education. A school is the second home of a student. Students spend a significant portion of their lives in schools apart from what parents teach them at home. Property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise of any part of this document, without the prior written permission of SLU, is strictly prohibited. 11  Therefore, to ensure that they remain safe and healthy, they have been entrusted with various rights. The LEARNING ENVIRONMENT A new study from The Research Alliance for New York City Schools shows that learning environments play a significant role in student success. Most educators have suspected this for decades, and now they have evidence showing that schools can potentially lift student achievement by improving their learning environments. It makes sense that students would do better when they learn in positive environments. After all, most people would agree that some environments are more conducive to learning and academic performance. A student taking a test in a quiet, peaceful room will almost certainly do better than a student taking the same test in a loud, chaotic room. Just because something makes sense, however, doesn’t mean that educators and policymakers have the information they need to make better decisions that will help students reach their goals. Now that this study has revealed how certain factors affect students, educators can begin making changes that will improve learning environments. The study also shows how much influence environments have on student success. Its findings show that students who learn in positive environments effectively receive a month and a half more math instruction than those in poor learning environments. The same research paper shows that positive learning environments can lower teacher turnover by 25 percent. This is significant because teacher turnover has been linked to increased costs and poor student achievement. Schools that provide better environments, in other words, could potentially reach higher levels of success while spending less money. Teaching/Learning Principles and the Educative Process It was mentioned in the discussions on the principles of teaching and learning that principles serve as guide in education. The twelve principles of teaching and learning presented are indeed helpful for the teacher so he/she could teach effectively and for the learners so they will learn and develop their skills and talents. The process of education does not only involve the teacher and the learner but one indispensable element that should not be ignored is the learning environment. The learning environment greatly affects the teaching-learning Property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise of any part of this document, without the prior written permission of SLU, is strictly prohibited. 12  process. A positive learning environment is highly recommended so that no time and energy is wasted for both the teacher and the learner. Having knowledge of the principles of teaching and learning is very relevant in understanding the interplay of the three elements of education. As future teachers you should equip yourself with the skills and exert effort in preparing yourself to be a committed and passionate teacher because you already know your role and the responsibilities you need to perform. As early as now, it is best for you to develop your own philosophy of teaching and make sure that it adheres to the principles you learned. In this way, your philosophy of teaching will direct you to the things you have to do and not to do as an educator. The educative process will be meaningful and relevant if you will carry out the principles of teaching and learning that you just learned. References A.P.J. Abdul Kalam. https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/a_p_j_abdul_kalam_717997#:~:text= Abdul%20Kalam%20Quotes&text=Teaching%20is%20a%20very%20noble%20 profession%20that%20shapes%20the%20character,the%20biggest%20honour %20for%20me. Google Dictionary. https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1CHZL_enPH903PH903&sxsrf=ALeKk0 04xXJb1vY4b3LNCgSy4xl1Oe-f8Q%3A1596893373594&ei=vaguX- zpI5eDoATEr6f4AQ&q=meaning+of+the+term+noble&oq=meaning+of+the+ term+noble&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQAzIGCAAQFhAeMgYIABAWEB4yBggAEB YQHjIGCAAQFhAeOgQIIxAnOgUIABCRAjoCCAA6CAgAELEDEIMBOggILhCx AxCDAToJCCMQJxBGEPkBOgQIABBDOgsILhCxAxDHARCjAjoHCAAQsQMQ QzoICAAQsQMQkQI6BQgAELEDOgcIABBGEPkBOgYIABANEB46CAgAEBYQC hAeOggIABANEAUQHlCzGFj8PGCURmgAcAB4AIABmAGIAZIUkgEFMTMuMTK YAQCgAQGqAQdnd3Mtd2l6wAEB&sclient=psy- ab&ved=0ahUKEwisvJuy24vrAhWXAYgKHcTXCR8Q4dUDCAw&uact=5 How a School’s Learning Environment Affects Student Achievement. https://www.learningliftoff.com/how-a-schools-learning-environment- affects-student-achievement/ Role of Teachers in Education. https://exeedcollege.com/blog/the-role-of- teachers-in-education/ School Responsibilities and Duties of Students for Success in Life. https://www.crunchgrade.com/study-tips/students-school-responsibilities- duties/ Property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise of any part of this document, without the prior written permission of SLU, is strictly prohibited. 13  Serrano, E.D., Paez, A.R.M. (2015). Principles of teaching 1. Adriana Printing co, Inc. Manila, Philippines Teaching Vocation, Mission, and Profession. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hqiIfPlzeMA&t=2s Property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise of any part of this document, without the prior written permission of SLU, is strictly prohibited.14