Organizational Management Reviewer PDF

Organizational Management Reviewer **REVIEWER: ORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT - MODULES 4 & 5** --- ### MODULE 4: MANAGEMENT BY OBJECTIVES (MBO) Definition: MBO is a strategic management approach where organizational goals are defined and communicated to employees, and their performance is measured ba...

Organizational Management Reviewer **REVIEWER: ORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT - MODULES 4 & 5** --- ### MODULE 4: MANAGEMENT BY OBJECTIVES (MBO) Definition: MBO is a strategic management approach where organizational goals are defined and communicated to employees, and their performance is measured based on their contribution to these goals. Key Elements: - Goal specificity - Participative decision making - Explicit performance/evaluation period - Feedback Steps in Goal Setting: 1. Review mission statement 2. Evaluate resources 3. Set goals 4. Write & communicate goals 5. Review results --- ### PLANNING Definition: Setting goals, defining strategies, and outlining tasks/resources to achieve objectives. Includes: - Setting Objectives - Developing Strategies - Allocating Resources - Establishing Timelines Environmental Assessment: - Environmental Scanning: Analyze large info to spot changes - Competitor Intelligence: Info about competitors Forecasting: - Quantitative: Uses past data & math - Qualitative: Uses judgment & opinions Benchmarking: Finding best practices among others to improve performance. Resource Allocation: - Resources: Financial, human, physical, etc. - Budget: Numerical plan for resource allocation Scheduling Tools:  Organizational Management Reviewer - Gantt Chart: Actual vs. planned output - Load Chart: Schedules resources/departments - PERT Network: Flowchart of project activities with time/cost - Event: Completion point - Activity: Work/time between events - Slack Time: Delay allowance without affecting project - Critical Path: Longest sequence of dependent activities Break-even Analysis: Finds point where revenue = costs --- ### DECISION MAKING Definitions: - Decision: Choice from alternatives - Problem: Obstacle to goal Steps: 1. Identify problem/criteria/weights 2. Develop alternatives 3. Analyze alternatives 4. Select best one 5. Implement 6. Evaluate effectiveness Problem Types: - Structured: Familiar and clear - Unstructured: New or unclear info Uncertainty Decisions: - Maximax: Maximize best outcome - Maximin: Maximize worst-case - Minimax: Minimize maximum regret --- ### MODULE 5: DESIGNING ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE Definition: Structure = how tasks/responsibilities are divided Design = how structure is created/modified to meet goals Organizing: Structuring work to reach goals Organizational Structure: Formal job arrangement to implement strategies Key Elements: - Work Specialization  Organizational Management Reviewer - Departmentalization - Chain of Command - Span of Control - Centralization vs. Decentralization - Formalization Work Specialization: Clear individual responsibilities; overuse may cause stress/boredom Departmentalization Types: - Functional: By function - Product: By product line - Geographical: By region - Process: By workflow - Customer: By customer type/needs Chain of Command: Line of authority from top to bottom - Authority: Right to command - Responsibility: Duty to perform - Unity of Command: One boss rule Span of Control: Number of people a manager oversees Centralization vs. Decentralization: - Centralization: Top-level decisions - Decentralization: Decision-making at all levels Formalization: Standardization of jobs, procedures, behavior --- ### COLLABORATION & FLEXIBILITY Internal Collaboration: - Cross-functional team: From different functions - Task force: Temporary team for specific problem - Communities of Practice: Shared interest group External Collaboration: - Strategic Partnerships: Joint ventures/collaborations Flexible Work Arrangements: - Telecommuting: Work from home - Compressed Workweek: Fewer days, longer hours - Flextime: Variable hours - Job Sharing: Split job between people Contingent Workforce: Temporary, freelance, or contract workers  Organizational Management Reviewer --- ### TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE - Functional: Good for small businesses, siloed - Divisional: Good for large firms by region/product - Matrix: Dual reporting to function & project heads - Project Team: No permanent hierarchy, team per project - Flat: Few management layers, direct top-down - Network: Independent groups linked together