Organic Chemistry Laboratory Post Lab - PDF
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These are organic chemistry post-lab notes covering various topics. The notes include oxygen-containing compounds like alcohols and ketones, as well as key laboratory techniques such as crystallization, fermentation, saponification, and alkaloid detection. Chemical tests and reactions are detailed.
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ORGANIC LABORATORY POST LAB Oxygen-Containing Compounds Crystallization Fermentation Saponification Alkaloid Detection Oxygen-Containing Compounds Definition: Organic molecules that contain oxygen atoms (e.g., alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids) Fun...
ORGANIC LABORATORY POST LAB Oxygen-Containing Compounds Crystallization Fermentation Saponification Alkaloid Detection Oxygen-Containing Compounds Definition: Organic molecules that contain oxygen atoms (e.g., alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids) Functional Groups: - Alcohol (R-OH) - Esters(RCOOR) - Carboxylic Acid(ROOH) - Aldehydes(R=H) - Ketones(R=R) - Ether(ROR) Growing of Crystals (Crystallization) Definition: A process of forming solid crystals from a homogeneous solution Methods: - Cooling of saturated solution - Evaporation of solvent Factors affecting growth: - Purity of substance - Rate of cooling/evaporation Applications: Purification, manufacturing of salts and minerals Fermentation Definition: Microorganisms convert sugars into energy, producing alcohol or acids Types: - Alcoholic fermentation (yeast → ethanol) - Lactic acid fermentation (bacteria in yogurt) Conditions: Anaerobic, warm temperature Uses: Brewing, baking, dairy, biofuels Saponification Definition: Reaction of fat or oil with base to produce soap and glycerol Reactants: Triglycerides + NaOH (or KOH) Equation: Fat + Base → Soap + Glycerol Applications: Soap making, biodiesel, cleaning products Detecting Alkaloids Definition: Naturally occurring compounds with nitrogen atoms Common Alkaloids: Morphine, quinine, caffeine, nicotine
