Nobel Prize 2012 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells PDF

THE NOBEL PRIZE 2012 FOR INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS Presenter: Truong Nguyen Doan Vy Supervisor: Prof. Pham Van Phuc INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY APPLICATION CONCLUSION - British resear...

THE NOBEL PRIZE 2012 FOR INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS Presenter: Truong Nguyen Doan Vy Supervisor: Prof. Pham Van Phuc INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY APPLICATION CONCLUSION - British researcher - Japanese researcher - Demonstrate egg cells can - Develop a revolutionary be differentiated into any cell method for generating type through pluripotency stem cells from existing state cells of the body Figure 1. John Gurdon Figure 2. Shinya Yamanaka (© The Nobel Foundation) (© The Nobel Foundation) Figure 3. Overview of John Gurdon’s research Figure 4. Overview of Shinya Yamanaka’s research INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY APPLICATION CONCLUSION Characteristics of iPSC Morphology Tightly packed colonies with clear borders Pluripotency Increase levels of pluripotency proteins (Oct4, Nanog, SSEA3, SSEA4, markers TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81) Differentiation potential Epigenetic profile Genetic profile Downregulation of transgenes after reprogramming 3 INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY APPLICATION CONCLUSION How to generate the iPSC Figure 5. Generation of iPSCs from MEF cultures via 24 factors by Yamanaka (Adekunle E. Omole et. al, 2018) INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY APPLICATION CONCLUSION - Modeling human diseases - Drug development and screening - Individualized regenerative cell therapy Figure 6. Applications of iPSC in many fields (Vimal K.Singh et. al, 2015) INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY APPLICATION CONCLUSION Potential and Limitation of iPSC Table 1. Pros and cons of iPSC (Vimal K.Singh et. al, 2015) Advantages Disadvantages Eliminates ethical issues Efficiency of reprogramming is generally low Reduced chances of immune rejection Tumourogenesis High-throughput screening of drugs and Insertional mutagenesis toxicity prediction  REFERENCES 1. Omole, A. E., & Fakoya, A. O. J. (2018). Ten years of progress and promise of induced pluripotent stem cells: historical origins, characteristics, mechanisms, limitations, and potential applications. PeerJ, 6, e4370. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4370 2. Brouwer, M., Zhou, H., & Nadif Kasri, N. (2016). Choices for Induction of Pluripotency: Recent Developments in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Reprogramming Strategies. Stem cell reviews and reports, 12(1), 54–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-015-9622-8 3. Takahashi, K., & Yamanaka, S. (2006). Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell, 126(4), 663–676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.07.024 4. Singh, V. K., Kalsan, M., Kumar, N., Saini, A., & Chandra, R. (2015). Induced pluripotent stem cells: applications in regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and drug discovery. Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 3, 2. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2015.00002 5. Colman A. (2013). Profile of John Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka, 2012 Nobel laureates in medicine or physiology. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110(15), 5740–5741. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1221823110