NCM113 Community Health Nursing II Prelim (PDF)

NCM113 COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING II MATTHEW DADUFALZA BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING 01 Community Health Nursing Concepts Community Health Nursing II – NCM113 BS Nursing | Prof. Josephine Tulabing, MAN, RN | 1st Semester | University of Cabuyao Community...

NCM113 COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING II MATTHEW DADUFALZA BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING 01 Community Health Nursing Concepts Community Health Nursing II – NCM113 BS Nursing | Prof. Josephine Tulabing, MAN, RN | 1st Semester | University of Cabuyao Community Development of policies and planning in public health. Community is seen as a group or collection of Strategic management of health systems and locality-based individuals, interacting in social units, services for population health gain. and sharing common interests, characteristics, Regulation and enforcement to protect public values, and/or goals. health. Allender et al., 2009 p.6 – A community is “a Human resources development and planning in collection of people who interact with one another public health. and whose common interests or characteristics Health promotion, social participation and form the basis for a sense of unity or belonging.” empowerment. Lundy and Janes – A group of people who share Ensuring the quality of personal and population- something in common and interact with one based health service. another, who may exhibit a commitment with one Research development and implementation of another and may share geographic boundary. innovative public health solution. Clark – A group of people who share common interests, who interact with each other, and who Nursing function collectively within a defined social structure to address common concerns. Assisting sick individuals to become healthy and Shuster and Geoppinger – A locality-based entity, healthy individuals achieve optimum wellness. composed of systems of formal organizations reflecting society’s institutions, informal groups, and Community Health Nursing aggregates. Ana, 1980 – It is a synthesis of nursing practice and Health public health applied to promoting and preserving the health of populations. WHO – “A state of complete physical, mental, Encompasses subspecialties that include public social, and spiritual well-being, not merely the health nursing, school nursing, occupational health absence of disease or infirmity.” nursing, and other developing fields of practice, Murray – A state of well being in which the person such as home health, hospice care, and is able to use purposeful, adaptive responses and independent nurse practice. processes, physically, mentally, emotionally, spiritually, and socially. Focus of Community Health Nursing Pender – “Actualization of inherent and acquired human potential through goal-directed behavior, Health promotion and disease prevention. competent self-care, and satisfying relationship with others. Ultimate Goal of CHN Definition and Focus of Community Health or Public “To raise the level of health of the citizenry.” Health To enhance the capacity of individuals, families, Dr. C.E. Winslow – “Public health is a science and and communities to cope with their health needs. art of 3P’s.” - Prevention of disease. Mission of Public Health - Prolonging life. - Promotion of health and efficiency through Is social justice that entitles all people to basic organized community effort for: necessities, such as adequate income and health o Sanitation of the environment. protection, and accepts collective burdens to make o Control communicable infections. possible. o Education of the individual in personal hygiene. Public Health Nursing o Organization of medical and nursing services for the early diagnosis and preventive Freeman – The field of professional practice in treatment of disease. which technical nursing, interpersonal, analytical, and organizational skills are applied to problems of Jacobson – Achievement of OLOF (Optimum health as they affect the community. Level of Functioning) through health teaching. Freeman – These skills are applied in concern with Public Health those of other persons engaged in health care, through comprehensive nursing care of families “Through organized community effort.” and other groups and thorough measure for evaluation or control of threats to health, for health education of the public and for the mobilization of Connotes organized, legislated, and tax-supported the public for health action. efforts that serve all people through health departments or related governmental agencies. Community Health Nursing (Maglaya et al.) 9 Essential Public Health Functions (WHO) The utilization of the nursing process in the different Health situation monitoring and analysis. levels of clientele, individual, family, community, Epidemiological surveillance/disease prevention and population groups concerned with the: and control. - Promotion of health. 01 Community Health Nursing Concepts Community Health Nursing II – NCM113 BS Nursing | Prof. Josephine Tulabing, MAN, RN | 1st Semester | University of Cabuyao - Prevention of diseases. Requires Management Skills – CHN applies the - Disability and Rehabilitation. principle of management, especially in the organization of health services or programs. Philosophy and Principles of Community Health Nursing Philosophy is defined as “a system of beliefs that provides a basis for and guide action.” It provides direction and describes the whats, whys, and hows of activities within a profession, Community Health Nursing Philosophy Humanistic values of the nursing profession upheld. Unique and distinct components of healthcare. Multiple factors of health considered. Active participation of clients encouraged. Nurse considers the availability of resources. Interdependence among health team members practiced. Scientific and up to date. Tasks of CH nurses vary with time and place. Independence or self-reliance of the people is the end goal. Connectedness of health and development regard. Principles of Community Health Nursing The community is the patient in Community Health Nursing; the family is the unit of care and there are four levels of clientele: - Individual. - Family. - Population Group (those who share common characteristics, developmental stage and common exposure to health problems-ex: children, elderly). - Community. The client is considered an ACTIVE PARTNER, not a PASSIVE recipient of care. CHN practice is affected by developments in health technology, in particular and changes in society, in general. The goal of CHN is achieved through multisectoral efforts. Features of CHN Population or Aggregate Focused - The hallmark of Community Health Nursing. The whole community is the patient/client. Greatest Good for the Greatest Number is the emphasis, the nurse must look at the health needs and problems of the community rather than focusing on the needs of individuals and families. Utilization of Nursing Process – CHN involves the assessment of health needs, planning, implementation, and evaluation of the impact of health services on a population group using the nursing process. Promotive-Preventive by Nature – The priority of CHN is health-promoting and disease-preventing strategies over curative interventions. Uses a Variety of Instruments – CHN makes use of tools for measuring and analyzing community health problems like using health statistics or vital statistics. Other tools like community maps, surveys, interviews, schedules, and questionnaires. 02 Community Health Nursing Concepts/Concepts of the Community Community Health Nursing II – NCM113 BS Nursing | Prof. Josephine Tulabing, MAN, RN | 1st Semester | University of Cabuyao Theoretical Model Applied in Community Health Nursing Health Belief Model (HBM) By Rosentoch, Becker, and Maiman. Addresses the relationship between a person’s belief and behavior. This model helps understand factors influencing patient’s perceptions, beliefs and behavior to plan care that will most effectively help patient maintain or restore health and prevent illness. Lawrence Green’s PRECEDE-PROCEED Model Health promotion strategies are based on a Milio’s Framework for Prevention systematic approach to achieve health goals. Nancy Milio, a nurse and leader in public health The model is best used if the change agent begins policy and public health education developed a with the final consequences (quality of life) and then framework for prevention that includes concepts of works back deductively to the original causes. community-oriented, population-focused care. PRECEDE: Predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling constructs in educational diagnosis and evaluation; used for community diagnosis. PROCEED: Policy, regulatory, and organizational constructs in educational and environmental development; used for implementing and evaluating health programs. Nola Pender’s Health Promotion Known for its model as an organizational framework Different Fields of CHN for theory development and research in health in promoting behavior. School Health Nursing Illustrate the “multidimensional nature of persons - The application of nursing theories and principles in interacting with their environment as they pursue the care of the school population. health. - Focus: promotion of health and wellness of This can be used to design and provide nursing students and teachers. interventions to promote health for individuals, - Primary Role: to ensure that educational. Potential families, and communities. is not hampered by unmet health needs. Functions of the School Nurse: - School Health and Nutrition Survey - Establishment of a Functional School Clinic - Comprehensive Health Assessment - Implementation of Standard Vision Testing for School Children - Thorough Ear Examination 02 Community Health Nursing Concepts/Concepts of the Community Community Health Nursing II – NCM113 BS Nursing | Prof. Josephine Tulabing, MAN, RN | 1st Semester | University of Cabuyao - Accurate Height and Weight Measurement for Entreprenurse Nutritional Status Determination - A project initiated by the DOLE in collaboration with - Efficient Medical Referrals the Board of Nursing of the Philippines, DOH, PNA, - Prompt Attendance to Emergency Cases and other stakeholders to promote nurse - Student Health Counseling Services entrepreneurship by introducing a home healthcare - Engaging in Health and Nutrition Education industry in the Philippines. Activities - Formation of School-Community Health and Aims of Entreprenurse Nutrition Councils Reduce the cost of health care for the country’s - Effective Control of Communicable Diseases indigent population by bringing primary health care - Creation of a Comprehensive Data Bank on School services to poor rural communities. Health and Nutrition Maximize employment opportunities for the country’s unemployed nurses. Occupational Health Nursing Utilize the country’s unemployed human resources - The application of nursing principles and for health for the delivery of public health services. procedures in conserving the health workers in all occupations. Types of Community (Maurer & Smith, 2009) - Mission: to assure that every man and woman in the country is safe and in healthful working Phenomenological conditions. - R.A.1054 = Occupational Health Act. Refers to relational, interactive groups in which the - Based on R.A. 1054, an occupational nurse must place or setting is more abstract and people share be employed when there are 30-100 employees a group perspective or identity-based on culture, and the workplace id more than 1km away from the values, history, interests, and goals. nearest health center. - Occupational hazards: physical, chemical, Geopolitical (Territorial) biological, mechanical, psychosocial. Most traditionally recognized or imagined when Functions of Occupational Health Nurse (DOLE, 1996) considering the term community. Organizing and administering health service Are defined or formed by both natural and man- program. made boundaries and include barangays, Providing nursing care to injured or ill workers. municipalities, cities, provinces, regions, and Participating in health maintenance examination. nations. Participating in the maintenance of occupational health and safety. Characteristics of a Healthy Community (Hunt, 1997; Maintaining a reporting and records system. Duhl, 2022) Community Mental Health Nursing A shared sense of being a community based on - Concerned with the promotion of mental, history and values. prevention of mental health disorders, and nursing A general feeling of empowerment and control over care of patients during mental illness and matters that affect the community as a whole. rehabilitation. Existing structures that allow subgroups within the community to participate in decision making in Goals: community matters. Promotion of mental health. The ability to cope with change, solve problems, Decrease health-related effects of a stressful and manage conflicts within the community through lifestyle. acceptable means. Reduction of prevalence of mental ill health and Open channels of communication and cooperation disorders. among the members of the community. Equitable and efficient use of community resources, Functions of Community Mental Health Nurse with the view towards sustaining natural resources. Treatment Planning. Medication Management. Assessment. Aims of a Healthy Community Counselling. Family Support. - Achieve a good quality of life. Education. - Create a health-supportive environment. Facilitate services with visiting psychiatrists. - Provide basic sanitation and hygiene needs. - Supply access to healthcare. Home Health Care - Helps in providing nursing care to individuals and Components of a Community families in their own place of residence mainly to minimize the effects of illness and disability. 1. Environment. 2. People. Hospice Home Care 3. Economy. - Renders to terminally ill, intended to provide 4. Culture. comfort to improve quality of life and provide 5. Health. support to the patient and family. 6. Quality of Life. - Palliative care is particularly important. Factors Affecting Health of the Community 02 Community Health Nursing Concepts/Concepts of the Community Community Health Nursing II – NCM113 BS Nursing | Prof. Josephine Tulabing, MAN, RN | 1st Semester | University of Cabuyao 1. Characteristic of the populations. 2. Location of the company. 3. Social system within the community. Roles and Activities of Community Health Nurse Health Provider. Health Educator. Program Implementer. Community Organizer. Manager/Leader. Researcher/Epidemiologist. Client Advocate. 03 Community Health Nursing Concepts Community Health Nursing II – NCM113 BS Nursing | Prof. Josephine Tulabing, MAN, RN | 1st Semester | University of Cabuyao Demography - Indicates the ease by which a communicable disease can be transmitted from one host to Study of population size, composition, and spatial another susceptible host. distribution as affected by births, deaths, and migration. Population Density. Sources of Demographic Data - Determines congestion of the places. Primary Data Vital Statistics Refers to the original data collected for a specific purpose by a researcher. Is the study of the characteristics of human populations. Examples It comprises a number of important events in human life Census including birth, death, fetal death, marriage, divorce, - Defined as an official and periodic enumeration annulment, judicial separation, adoption, legitimation, and of the population. recognition (United Nations, 1973). - Demographic, economic, and social data are collected from the specified population group. Crude Birth Rate Measures how fast people are added to the population De Jure through birth. - Enumeration of individuals as of where they usually reside regardless of where they are on census day. De Facto CBR – Crude Birth Rate. - Enumeration of individuals as of where they are B – Total Number of Live Births. found in the census, regardless of where they P – Total Population at the Midpoint of the Time Period. normally reside. K – Is a constant, usually taken as 1000. Sample Survey Crude Death Rate - Instead of census, demographic information Represents the total or overall death rate in a given collected from a sample of a given population. population. The number of deaths per 1000 person. Secondary Data Are data that are collected by other individuals and/or institution for some specific purposes. Examples CDR – Crude Death Rate. Continuing Population Registers D – Total Number of Deaths. - Are those that collected by the civil registrar’s P – Total Population at the Midpoint of the Time Period. office deal with recording vital events in the K – Is a constant, usually taken as 1000. community. - Vital events refer to births, deaths, marriages, Infant Mortality Rate divorce and the like. Is the number of deaths per 1,000 live birth of children - Other registration systems can also be used to under one year of age. describe specific characteristics of the population. Population Size IMR – Infant Mortality Rate. Refers to the number of people in a given place or D