Module1.pdf

CMPE 351 Network Administration Introduction Objectives: ▪ To be able to determine the function of client and server in the network; ▪ To be able to determine the types of server in the network; ▪ To be able to know the history and versions of Windows Server; ▪ To be able to know what are th...

CMPE 351 Network Administration Introduction Objectives: ▪ To be able to determine the function of client and server in the network; ▪ To be able to determine the types of server in the network; ▪ To be able to know the history and versions of Windows Server; ▪ To be able to know what are the roles of a server in the network. Client and Server Server It refers to the computer in the network that provides a service to other computer. It is designated to store, process and maintain resources. It is usually incorporated faster CPU’s, more memory, larger disk drives and extra peripherals. The speed of the server is determined by CPU, memory and storage. Server:Server: Advantages Advantages Network administration is simple. It is easier to connect different platforms and operating systems. Virtually unlimited capacity and unlimited number of users. There is consistent and manageable version control for both applications and data. Server: Disadvantages At worst, server failures, it results in loss of network resources. Complex, special-purpose server software requires allocation of expert staff, which increases expenses. Dedicated hardware and specialized software add to the cost. Type of Server Centralized server It uses only a single server on a network that handles all the server-specific networking tasks. Decentralized/Dedicated server It uses a single server on a multi-server network that handles one or more server-specific tasks. Client It refers to the computer in the network that requests a service from a server. It is designated to access and use the data and resources. It refers to the computer on a network that let users access the servers’ information and resources. Operating System 1. Network Operating System (NOS) Operating system installed/running in a server. Examples: Windows Server 2000/2003/2008 2. Local/Desktop Operating System (LOS/DOS) Operating system installed/running in a client. Examples: Windows XP/7/8 History of Windows Server 1993 – Windows NT Advanced Server 1994 – Windows NT Server 3.5 1995 – Windows NT Server 3.51 (with Client Access License Tool) 1996 – Windows NT Server 4.0 (with Admin and Client Setup, Internet Information Server 2.0 Web Server) 1997 – Windows NT Server 4.0 Enterprise Edition (for large corporate customers, with transaction server ) 1998 – Windows NT Server 4.0 Terminal Edition (connecting non-Windows clients ) History of Windows Server 2000 – Windows Server 2000 - with active directory for directory management - with active server pages - with XML support - with server, advanced server and data center server editions History of Windows Server 2003 – Windows Server 2003 - with.NET Framework - with enhanced active directory - with enterprise, data center, web editions History of Windows Server Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition The dependable server operating system ideal for everyday needs of business of all sizes, providing the optimal solution for file and printer sharing, secure Internet connectivity, centralized desktop application deployment, and a rich connected environment among employees, partners, and customers. Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition The platform of choice for large enterprises as well as small and medium-size businesses to develop, deliver, and secure applications, Web services, and infrastructure—delivering high reliability, performance, and superior business value. Enterprise Edition is available in both 32-bit and 64-bit editions. History of Windows Server Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition This is the server of choice for business-critical and mission-critical applications that demand the highest levels of scalability and availability. Datacenter Edition is available through the Datacenter Program in both 32-bit and 64-bit editions Windows Server 2003, Web Edition Optimized for serving and hosting web pages, while maintaining the core functionalities that support enhanced reliability, manageability, and security. History of Windows Server 2008 – Windows Server 2008 - with major architectural changes - with major new enhancements in security and configurations - with PowerShell and IPv6 - with server manager, clustering, enhanced web services, windows server core, virtualization, reliability, multitasking and multithreading History of Windows Server Windows Server 2008 Standard Edition -The most basic server version on which the other versions are based -Designed to meet the everyday needs of small to large businesses -Provides file and print services, secure internet connectivity and centralized management of network resources -Supports multiprocessor computers and multiprocessor clients -Symmetric Multiprocessor (SMP) computer -Hyper-V: Enables to offer a virtualization environment -Advantages of Hyper-V -Can run 32-bit and 64-bit operating systems at the same time -Can run on SMP computers -Can access larger memory segments History of Windows Server Windows Server 2008 Enterprise Edition -Designed to meet the everyday needs of networks with applications and Web services -Requiring high-end servers and a high level of productivity -Intended for midsized and large organizations that want the option to continue scaling their server operations upward -Can also handle SMP computers -Enables clustering -The ability to increase the access to server resources and provide fail-safe services -By linking two or more discrete computer systems so they appear to function as though they are one History of Windows Server Windows Server 2008 Enterprise Edition - Advantages -Increases computer speed to complete server tasks faster -Provides more computing power for handling resources-hungry applications -Hot-add memory -The ability to add RAM without shutting down the computer or operating system -Fault tolerant memory sync -Enables memory to resynchronize after transient memory problems so there is no interruption to current computing activities  History of Windows Server Windows Server 2008 Enterprise Edition -Microsoft Metadirectory Services -Facilitate multiple directory services to track and manage access to such resources as user accounts, shared folders and shared printers -Another option in this edition is the ability to have unlimited numbers of users remotely access a server History of Windows Server Windows Server 2008 Web Edition -Designed for hosting and deploying web services and applications Windows Server 2008 Data Center Edition -Designed for environments with mission-critical applications, very large databases and information access requiring high availability -It is built for clustering -Offers support for clustering with up to 16 computers -For SMP computers, offers support for 2 to 64 processors -Enables hot-add memory for increased server availability History of Windows Server Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-based System -The maximum RAM supported by this is 2 TB -Supports hot-add memory, hot-add processor, hot-replace processor and SMP computers -Supports server clustering for up to 8 servers in one cluster -Intended for resource-intensive applications Windows Server 2008 Versions Without Hyper-V -Windows Server 2008 Standard Edition Without Hyper-V -Windows Server 2008 Enterprise Edition Without Hyper-V -Windows Server 2008 Datacenter Edition Without Hyper-V History of Windows Server Windows Server 2012 -Microsoft was going all out to win in the Cloud. The Cloud OS. -Focused on getting the integrated Hyper-V into shape to make Cloud resources as easy to integrated into onsite delivery as local hosts. -Hyper-V virtual switch and Hyper-V Replica were included in this release to enhance the uptake of hybrid network strategies. Windows Server 2012 -Windows Server 2012 Essentials Edition -Windows Server 2012 Foundation Edition -Windows Server 2012 Standard Edition -Windows Server 2012 Datacenter Edition History of Windows Server Windows Server 2016 -The Nano Server. -Included Server Core. -VM systems were also added to with an encryption system for Hyper-V. -Containers were introduced in the form of Windows native containers. Windows Server 2016 -Windows Server 2012 Standard Edition -Windows Server 2012 Datacenter Edition History of Windows Server Windows Server 2019 -Windows Admin Center, a server management utility that is not only designed for 2019 but can also manage servers 2012 and 2016. -The utility includes performance monitoring, configuration management, and the control of the services that run on each monitored server. -Linux-compatible subsystem, Native Shielded VMs for Linux. History of Windows Server Windows Server 2022 -Advanced multilayer security, hybrid capabilities with Azure, and flexible application platform. -With cloud computing and AI geared towards more integrated and intelligent solutions. Windows Server (Summary) 1993 – Start of NT Era 2000 – Start of Active Directory Era 2008 – Start of Virtualization Era 2012 – Start of Cloud Era 2016 – Start of Nano Server 2019 – Release October 2018, Hyperconverged Infrastructure (HCI) Windows Server 2008 With Windows Server 2008: -The client workstation operating system most compatible with this is Windows 7. -The overall goal of Microsoft is to achieve a lower total cost of ownership -Advantages of using Windows Server 2008 as server and Windows 7 as client: -New capabilities to recover from many types of network communications problems -Newly written code for more efficient network communications -More network diagnostic capabilities -New code for better use of the network communications protocols -Use of windows PowerShell commands and scripts Windows Server 2008 Server Manager -Enables the server administrator to manage critical configuration features from inside one tool. -View computer configuration information. -Change properties of a system. -View network connections -Configure Remote Desktop -Configure security, including the firewall and how to obtain updates. -Configure a multitude of server roles, from a basic file server to advanced network services -Add and remove features -Run diagnostics. -Manage storage and backups Windows Server 2008 Security Network Access Protection (NAP) -An umbrella of security protection features that monitor and manage a server and its clients. -Identifies clients and other computers on a network that do not comply with the security policies. -Limits access by noncompliant computers -Automatically updates or configures a noncompliant computer to match the security policies -Continuously checks throughout the entire network and server connection session Windows Server 2008 Security -When installing this, add a feature or install a Windows component, an essential level of security is automatically implemented. -This also comes with the Security Configuration Wizard (SCW) that simplifies security configuration. -Other security features: -File and folder permissions -Security policies -Encryption of data -Event auditing -Various authentication methods -Server management and monitoring tools Windows Server 2008 Clustering and Clustering Tools -Test a cluster to ensure it is set up to accomplish the task for which it is intended -Migrate configuration settings from one cluster to another -Quickly configure a cluster and troubleshoot problems -Set up storage used in a cluster -Create better cluster storage performance and reliability -Secure a cluster and enable it to use new network capabilities Windows Server 2008 Enhanced Web Services -Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) -Transforms Windows Server 2008 into a versatile Web server -IIS has been redesigned to: -Include over 40 modules, intended to enable IIS to have a lower attack surface -Provide easier application of IIS patches -Make it easier for network programmers to write network applications and configure applications for the Web Windows Server 2008 Windows Server Core -A minimum server configuration -Designed to function in a fashion similar to traditional UNIX and Linux servers -Does not provide the following: -A graphical interface, just a command-line -Graphical tools to configure the server -Extra services that are not needed -A mouse pointer on the screen -Windows Mail, Microsoft Word, search windows and other software Windows Server 2008 Windows PowerShell -A command-line interface that offers a shell, a customized environment for executing commands and scripts. -Can perform: -Work with files and folders -Manage disk storage -Manage network tasks -Set up local and network printing options -Install, list and remove software applications Windows Server 2008 Virtualization -Hyper-V provides the ability to run two or more operating systems on a single computer. -Hyper-V capable of: -Compatible with clustering -Able to handle up to a 4-processor SMP computer -Can be used with Windows and Linux operating systems -Compatible with different types of disk storage methods -Enables fast migration from one computer to another -Can house 32-bit and 64-bit operating systems Windows Server 2008 Reliability -The operating system kernel runs in privileged mode, protects it from problems created by a malfunctioning program or process. -The kernel consists of the core programs and the computer code of the operating system -Privileged mode gives the operating system kernel an extra level of security from intruders, prevents system crashes due to poorly written applications. -Microsoft has introduced typical and protected processes, a computer program or portion of a program that is currently running. -Typical process, like one on previous windows systems in which the process can be influenced by a user or other processes. -Protected process, one for which outside influences are restricted. Windows Server 2008 Multitasking and Multithreading -Multitasking, the ability to run two or more programs at the same time -Multithreading, the capability of programs written to run several program code blocks or threads at the same time. -Preemptive multitasking -Each program runs in an area of memory separate from areas used by other programs -Reduces the risk of one program interfering with the smooth running of another program. Server Roles Server Roles A role is a primary duty that a server performs. For example, a server would be "that's my domain controller (DC) and DNS server." A feature is something that helps a server perform its primary duty (Windows Backup, network load balancing). Certain roles are comprised of sub-elements called Role Services, which are distinct units of functionality. Server Roles Server Roles ✓ Active Directory Certificate Services ✓ Active Directory Domain Services ✓ Active Directory Federation Services ✓ Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services ✓ Active Directory Rights Management Services ✓ Application Server ✓ Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Server ✓ DNS Server ✓ Fax Server Server Roles ✓File Services ✓ Hyper-V ✓ Network Policy and Access Services ✓ Print Services ✓ Terminal Services ✓ Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI) Services ✓ Web Server (IIS) ✓ Windows Deployment Services (WDS) Active Directory Certificate Services Provides the services for creating and managing public key certificates used in most aspects of security today, including HTTP Security (HTTPS), which is vital to many Windows Roles; Wireless network security; VPNs; IPsec; Encrypting File System (EFS); and other software security systems that require encryption or digital signatures. Active Directory Domain Services Previously known as just Active Directory, AD Domain Services stores information about users, computers, and other devices on the network in a security boundary known as a domain. With resources and users being members of a domain or trusted hierarchy of domains known as a forest, access to company wide information is secure and no burden on the user. ActiveActive DirectoryDirectory Federal Services Federal Services Provides Web single-sign-on (SSO) capabilities across separate organizations, allowing authentication across multiple Web applications in various companies using a single user account. ADFS accomplishes this by securely federating, or sharing, user identities and access rights, in the form of digital claims, between partner organizations once a federation trust has been established. ActiveActive Directory Directory Lightweight Lightweight Directory Directory Services Services Previously known as Active Directory Application Mode (ADAM), Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services provides a directory service that organizations can use to store information specific to an application that is separate from the organization's main AD. Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services runs as a non-OS service and doesn't require deployment on a DC, with multiple Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services instances supported on a single server. Active Directory Right Management Services Provides very granular protection on supported documents via AD RMS-enabled applications to not only protect documents and other digital information but also to control the actions that authorized consumers of the information can do. Application Server Comprises a number of components that are responsible for the deployment and managing of.NET Framework 3.0 applications. These components include the.NET Framework, Web Server (IIS) Support, Message Queuing, COM+ Network Access, TCP Port Sharing, Distributed Transactions and Windows Process Activation Service Support. DHCP Server Allows servers to assign or lease IP addresses to computers and other devices that are enabled as DHCP clients on the network. DNS Server DNS is used to resolve host names to IP addresses, both IPv4 and IPv6. Fax Server Sends and receives faxes, and allows you to manage fax resources such as jobs, settings, reports, and fax devices on this computer or on the network. File Services Provides technologies for storage management, which includes control of the types of files stored on a server via file screens and powerful quotas, file replication, distributed namespace management, NFS, and support for UNIX clients. Hyper-V Provides the services that you can use to create and manage virtual machines (VMs) and their resources. Hyper-V will ship within 180 days of the Server 2008 launch, but a beta version is supplied with the 2008 RTM. Network Policy and Access Services Delivers a variety of methods to provide users with local and remote network connectivity, to connect network segments, and to allow network administrators to centrally manage network access and client health policies. With Network Access Services, you can deploy VPN servers, dial- up servers, routers, and 802.11 protected wireless access. You can also deploy RADIUS servers and proxies, and use Connection Manager Administration Kit to create remote access profiles that allow client computers to connect to your network. Print Services Enables the management of print servers and printers. A print server reduces administrative and management workload by centralizing printer management tasks. Also part of Print Services is the Print Management Console, which streamlines the management of all aspects of printer server management including the ability to remotely scan a subnet for printers and automatically create the necessary print queues and shares. Terminal Services Enables users to access Windows-based programs that are installed on a terminal server or to access the Windows desktop from almost any computing device that supports the RDP protocol. Users can connect to a terminal server to run programs and to use network resources on that server. Server 2008 has technologies that allow the RDP traffic necessary for communication with a terminal server from a client to be encapsulated in HTTPS packets, which means all communication is via port 443 so no special holes are required in the firewall for access to terminal servers within an organization from the Internet. UDDI Services UDDI Services provides description, discovery, and integration capabilities for sharing information about Web services within an organization's intranet, between business partners on an extranet, or on the Internet. Web Server (IIS) Enables sharing of information on the Internet, intranets, or extranets. It's a unified Web platform that integrates IIS 7.0, ASP.NET, and Windows Communication Foundation. IIS 7.0 also features enhanced security, simplified diagnostics, and delegated administration. Windows Deployment Services Used to install and configure Windows OS that are stored in the Windows Imagine format remotely on computers via Pre-boot Execution Environment (PXE) boot ROMs. Next Task? Installation of Windows Server