Management Information Systems: Managing Knowledge

Management Information System(MIS) Lecture 8 Managing Knowledge Lecturer: Dr. Gakwaya Nkundimana Joel Contents outline  what is knowledge management  THE GOAL OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT  TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE  EXAMPLE OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT  K...

Management Information System(MIS) Lecture 8 Managing Knowledge Lecturer: Dr. Gakwaya Nkundimana Joel Contents outline  what is knowledge management  THE GOAL OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT  TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE  EXAMPLE OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT  KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT PROCESS  KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT METHODS  BENEFITS OF MANAGING KNOWLEDGE  CHALLENGES OF MANAGING KNOWLEDGE  What is knowledge? Data Information knowledge  DIKW model for Knowledge management applied wisdo I would better stop the car m context Knowledge Traffic light has turned Red meaning information On the way to my location there is a traffic light raw Data red data 27032025 27 MARCH 2025 th Twenty seven million… KNOWLEGE  IT ANSWERS “HOW” WISDOM  ANSWERS “WHY”  Example when you know “why things happened, then you can apply wisdom” What is knowledge management?  Knowledge Management (KM) is the process of capturing, distributing, and effectively using knowledge within an organization.  It involves the systematic handling of knowledge to ensure that the right information is available to the right people at the right time. What is managing knowledge Is a process of sharing, defining, structuring, retaining, sharing the knowledge and experience of employees within an organization. What is managing knowledge(Cont)  The knowledge they share include: technical resources frequently asked questions training documents people skills.  Managing knowledge use Data mining to provide easy access to users the goal of knowledge management Improving organizational efficiency saving knowledge in an easily accessible form the goal of knowledge management THIS GOAL IS ACHIEVED BY:  Capturing and organizing knowledge in a knowledge management system to address specific business tasks and projects.  Sharing knowledge with others who can benefit from it.  Improving processes and technology to provide easy access to knowledge  And promoting the generation of new knowledge for continual learning. Types of knowledge  Explicit knowledge  Tacit knowledge  Implicit knowledge Explicit knowledge  Knowledge that can be easy in codified and taught  It is found in : books, files, folders, documents, databases and how-to videos  Most easily extracted and handled by a knowledge management system. Tacit knowledge  Knowledge that is personal, experience-based, and hard to share or communicate.  It includes insights, and skills that are learned through experience.  It is based on experience and practice and often helps in achieving long-term goals  There is no easy way to extract it like with explicit knowledge  Examples of tacit knowledge are  “personal know-hows”,  innovative thinking  understanding body language.  Problem-solving skills Implicit knowledge  knowledge that explains how best to implement explicit knowledge  For example, consider discussing a task with an experienced co-worker  The experienced employee utilizes and shares their implicit knowledge to improve how the team operates. The knowledge management process Figure1 produced by techtarget 2001 KM Cycle / Process creation application capture KM cycle Sharing storage  Knowledge Management Processes  Knowledge Creation/Acquisition  Internal: Learning from internal practices, innovations, and experiences.  External: Acquiring knowledge through research, partnerships, competitors, and industry trends.  Knowledge Storage  Objective: Capturing and storing knowledge in a structured way for easy retrieval and reuse.  Tools: Databases, document management systems, intranets, and knowledge repositories. Knowledge Management Processes  Knowledge Sharing  Objective: Facilitating the exchange of knowledge between individuals and teams to avoid silos.  Methods: Collaboration tools, team meetings, social networks, and mentorship programs.  Knowledge Application  Objective: Applying the shared knowledge to decision-making, problem-solving, and innovation.  Key Question: How can the organization effectively apply what it knows to achieve its goals? Knowledge Management Systems (KMS)  Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) are technology-based systems designed to facilitate the collection, storage, retrieval, and dissemination of knowledge within an organization.  Components  Knowledge Repository: Centralized database  Collaboration Tools: Platforms that enable knowledge sharing (e.g., intranets, forums, wikis).  Content Management Systems (CMS): Tools that organize and manage digital content  Data Mining and AI Tools: These help extract insights and trends from vast data pools, supporting decision-making.  SECI Model  SECI model stands for : Socialization It explains how knowledge is Externalization created, shared, and converted Combination between tacit (personal, experience- based) and explicit (written, Internalization documented) forms. Socialization  Socialization (Tacit → Tacit)  Sharing experience directly from person to person  Learning by observing, imitating, or practicing together.  Example: A junior chef learns cooking techniques by working alongside a senior chef. Externalization  Externalization (Tacit → Explicit)  Converting personal knowledge into shared concepts  Articulating what you know in words, diagrams, or models. Example: A manager writes down lessons learned from a project and publishes it as a guide. Combination  Combination (Explicit → Explicit)  Combining different sources of explicit knowledge  Integrating documents, databases, and reports to create new knowledge.  Example: Compiling reports from various departments to produce a business strategy. Internalization  Internalization (Explicit → Tacit)  Learning by doing or reading  Turning documented knowledge into personal understanding.  Example: An employee studies a training manual and applies it in real situations until it becomes second nature. SECI in Action: The Knowledge Spiral  These four modes repeat in cycles: As knowledge is shared (Socialization)  Then expressed (Externalization).  Then organized (Combination)  And finally internalized by others (Internalization)