Med Micro Ex 3 PDF

Bacterial Causative Transmission Clinical Treatment Preventio Anything UTIs Agent Presentation n Else? Urethriti E. coli- most In women- self Uncomplicat Depends on Condom...

Bacterial Causative Transmission Clinical Treatment Preventio Anything UTIs Agent Presentation n Else? Urethriti E. coli- most In women- self Uncomplicat Depends on Condom -cranberry s- common inoculation from ed UTIs are cause; use to juice can beginnin rectum (back to confined to antibiotics prevent work if g UTI Pseudomonas front) most urethra for bacterial STI taken in aeruginosa- common infections high common in Painful dose—it hospital in pt Can also be from urination, Flushing can raise with catheter holding pee in or mucoid or the bacteria the pH, but (present in soil) not being able to purulent out can also most likely let it all out like discharge be an it is just bc when men over 50 from urethral option it will flush prostate blocks orifice (men) it out ---- them from letting vagina only works it all out or when (women) if it is not women are preg in bladder and the baby yet blocks them from letting it all out Cystitis- ^ ^ Painful Flush out -once UTI These are urination, the bacteria biofilm infections that with if in urethra forms you ascend from discharge and cannot urethra to bladder blood in it Antibiotics flush it out if biofilm Bacterial forms biofilm secretes toxins that damage bladder tissue; more acute onset and more severe than urethritis Pyelone ^ ^ Damage to Antibiotic Dangerous phritis UTI and tissues of therapy inflammation kidney, essential Can have spreads to kidneys chills, fever, cystitis at pain in lower same time back, nausea, vomiting if not treated 1/3 pts have promptly cystitis could lead symptoms to permanent damage or life-  threatening bacteremia (bacteria in blood) Prostatiti ^ ^ Acute Antibiotics s Inflammation and bacterial- Associat infection of sudden onset, ed- UTI prostate gland Fever, chills, increased Typically after urgency and placement of in- frequency of dwelling catheter urination in men Chronic bacterial- develops more slowly; less severe infection Catheter ^ ^ Allows for Throw Complicate Associat colonizationcatheter d UTI ed- UTI of catheter away and get a new Common AKA Compromises one in hospital CAUTI bladder (foreign object) Induces extreme immune response (inflammatio n) Causative Agent Transmission Clinical Treatment Preventio Anything Presentation n Else? Leptospiro Leptospira Zoonotic Episodes of Prompt Avoid -reemerging sis interrogans fever and chills antibiotics contamin disease of Urine from for 4-9 days, - low ated concern -aerobic, gram infected dogs, muscle aches, mortality water negative, motile, cats, marine eye 10% -diagnosis: spirochete mammals, wild inflammation Vaccine serological animals for and PCR 200 known Depending on animals tests serotypes Consumption serotype/expos or it gets in cuts ure level, -Recovery of urine immunologic takes several contaminated phase may months w/o water, soil, follow tx and may food -Invasion be life of brain, liver, threatening: Bacteria can kidney, lungs, mortality enter through causes rate 5-10% mucous symptoms ) and children) spread into the -Neisseria blood, cross meningitidis blood brain -Strep barrier; pneumoniae inflammation Adults: of the -Neisseria meninges meningitidis and Strep fever, pneumoniae headache, most common nausea, -Haemophilus vomiting, stiff influenzae neck (does it -Listeria hurt to put ur moncytogenes chin to ur chest?) Meningoc Neisseria Spread in close Respiratory Urgent Vaccine- -MOST occal meningitidis quarters tract --> blood care DEADLY Meningitis stream --> necessa One only -death in a -gram – Inhale airborne meninges --> ry protects few hours diplococcus, droplets CSF against 4 -rapid spread non-motile, IV most on crowed capsule, aerobic, (schools, Mild cold, antibiot common environments pili, daycare, headache, ics serotypes military bases, fever, stiff aggress (A, C, Y, -diagnosis: 14 serogroups prisons, neck and back, ive W)--- Fox rapid (different nursing homes, can damage antibiot only diagnosis capsules) college dorms) extremities ic mentioned first with especially therapy this one gram stain of Humans only fingers and CSF to be source toes Two for able to start serotype antibiotics as B quickly as  Purplish spots- possible... small One for then lumbar hemorrhages serotype tap to A that confirm- Bacteria gets in might sometimes bloodstream eliminate WBC since and can lead to meningitis there is an septic shock belt in infection due to low bp Africa (bacteria in CSF) Can progress to death in just a few hrs Haemophi Haemophilus Vaccine- -used to be lus influenzae Hip most popular influenzae among Gram neg rod, children non-motile, before Hip polysaccharide vaccine capsule -only grows sometimes on chocolate agar; requires heme and NADP for growth -used to be common cause of epiglottitis that then got into blood in children 4-6 Pneumoco Streptococcus Urgent 2 vaccines -30% of all ccal pneumoniae medica available ABM cases Menin l care -most Gram +, and common diplococci antibiot form in ic infants, therapy children, and elderly -diagnosis- lumbar tap; bacteria in CSF -just as critical as meningococc al meningitis -mortality 20%-30% Neonatal Group B Vertical during Rare Aggres -treat Meningitis Streptococcus vaginal sive Strep B agalactiae (50% delivery Seen most antibiot when cases), E. coli K1 often in ic women is strain (20% premature therapy preg to cases), Listeria babies; poor IV prevent monocytogenes prognosis babies (20% cases) -sudden from onset sepsis; getting it CNS signs include irritability, seizures, vomiting, lethargy Tetanus Toxins produced Introduction of Muscles Tetanu Vaccine -diagnosis by by Clostridium endospores contract s and clinical AKA tetani from soil continuously antitoxi boosters symptoms “lock jaw” containing bc n, (every 10 -NO TOXIN Anaerobic (why animal manure tetanospasmin penicill years) NO the puncture into deep prevents in, DISEASE wound has to be puncture inhibitory muscle deep), gram + wound signals relaxer bacillus, -spores -lockjaw, s endospores germinate risus (usually found in (producing sardonicus, barnyards and toxins) opisthotonos, gardens with -tetanospasmin spasmodic animal manure) second most inhalation, powerful seizures of rib neurotoxin muscles and known diaphragm, violent death Botulism Clostidium Foodborne Blurred vision, Large -HAS botulinum from slurred speech, doses STRONGES improperly difficulty of T -anaerobic spore canned or swallowing, botulis NEUROTO forming stored food chewing, m XIN THAT -asparagus, breathing, antitoxi IS ONE OS green beans, flaccid n but THE beets, corn, paralysis, recover DEADLIES mushrooms, respiratory y can T olives, salami, paralysis, death take a SUBSTANC sausage year ES KNOWN NATURALL Y Viral Causative Transmission Clinical Treatment Prevention Anything Diseases Agent Presentation Else? of the CNS Acute Enteroviruse Direct contact High fever, Patients -viruses (Aseptic) s, such as with headache, often cause more Meningitis echoviruses respiratory nausea, recover cases of and secretions or vomiting, stiff without meningitis coxsackievir fecal- oral neck treatment in per year than uses route 7-10 days bacteria Similar to -aseptic bc Also, bacterial there is no cytomegalovi presentation, bacteria in rus and but is bloodstream herpesvirus generally -diagnosis- milder PCR tests of CSF Rabies -sense, Spead in saliva 5-15% of Postexposur Vaccine -only 2 bullet-shaped of rabid individuals e programs known RNA virus animals via bitten develop prophylaxis for people that with 5 genes animal bites the disease with rabies domestic has survived immune animals full blown Worldwide is -incubation globulin rabies generally dogs, period depends (antibodies avoid but since dogs on proximity to rabies) wildlife -highest in the US are of bite to CNS and mortality vaccinated, (face-6 days, postexposur rate of most of ours foot-up to one e zoonotic are bats, fox, year) immunizati diseases racoons, and on in 5 shot once fully skunks -early series manifest symptoms: Virus enters at tingling, (vaccine in -rabies has a skin then burning, or butt and long spreads coldness at abdomen in incubation location of small period, so if bite, followed children) given by fever, vaccine right nausea, after vomiting exposure, you can -progressive prevent symptoms: rabies increased muscle -survival is tension, rare hyperactivity, aggression, paralysis of pharynx, brain degeneration, hydrophobia  -death from respiratory paralysis Polio Nonenvelope Fecal-oral 90%-95% Supportive Two -last case in d tiny capsid, route with cases care of vaccines- US in 1979, Short for + sense RNA contaminated asymptomatic symptomati now it might poliomyeli genome water or food c cases IPV: be coming tis Infects nerve inactivated back tissue, spinal polio -iron lung cord, and brain vaccine due to permanent Blood stream - OPV: oral paralysis of -> meninges -- polio lung ->leading to vaccine -diagnosis- paralysis (extremely stool sample good of acutely ill Abortive protection, pt; cell poliomyelitis: but ended culture and fever up going PCR to headache, back to identify nausea, sore IPV after specific throat, non- polio was serotypes neuroinvasive less common) Nonparalytic poliomyelitis: paralysis of Did not arms, legs, patent body trunk, vaccines difficulty so they swallowing could be and breathing, cheap and may lead to accessible death Acute Currently Unclear; Respiratory NONE NONE Diagnosis: Flaccid unclear, outbreaks symptoms, no lab tests; Myelitis believed to occur every 2 fever, muscle clinical be years in weakness, loss presentation enterovirus August to of muscle tone assessed 68- type D October due to inflammation of the spinal cord Very young children, usually with asthma LIKE POLIO Arboviral Arbovirus Mosquito Inflammation Insect -arbovirus= Encephalit (most and infection repellant arthropod is- general commonly), of the brain and borne tick, or fly protective vector clothing - epidemiolog -vector species y- arboviral infected while encephalitis taking blood is zoonotic meal from - host, vector transmitted then transmits from to new host animals to during feeding humans -may be -700,000 part of primary deaths transmission worldwide cycle each year -may be -sporadic passed to or epidemic incidental/dead outbreaks -end host West Nile Infected birds Asymptomatic Supportive Avoid -US most Virus to humans via cases in 80% care, fluid mosquitoe common mosquito of infected replacement s arboviral vector people , ventilator encephalitis (if muscles -in Infects -35% paralyzed) every state humans, birds, symptomatic except mosquitoes, cases = non- Alaska and horses neuroinvasive: Hawaii -mostly mild fever, -1st birds headache, outbreak body aches, was in extreme NYC- they fatigue, skin found dead rash of the birds and so trunk they did autopsies -65% of and they all symptomatic died from cases same neuroinvasive: thing—so high fever, they figured headache, stiff it out and neck, stupor, did massive disorientation, mosquito convulsions, spraying, but paralysis, it didn’t muscle work weakness,  vision loss, -diagnose by coma lumbar puncture Zika Virus ZIKV is in Mosquito 80% Supportive Avoid -sporadic family vector, vertical asymptomatic; care only mosquitoe outbreaks Flaviviridae; transfer during 20% rash, joint s since 1952 + sense RNA pregnancy pain, -2015 (cross conjunctivitis outbreak in placenta) -triggers Brazil Guillain-Barre spread to Sexual syndrome in south transmission small numbers America, of adults central America, the Can cause Caribbean, abnormality in Florida, babies' Texas development where their -diagnosis: head is small, molecular/se and u cannot rological fix it tests - ^^Congenital Zika infection: microcephaly (small head and brain); developmental abnormalities of eyes and nervous, digestive, urogenital and CV systems Viral Generally, Reactivation Difficult; -diagnosis Encephalit herpes of latent virus viruses do lumbar is simplex virus that travels to not respond puncture 1 (HSV-1), brain to detects high also varicella -HSV-1 medications level of -zoster virus encephalitis -supportive lymphocytes (VSV) often fatal care -VSV encephalitis often milder Protozoa Causative Agent Transmission Clinical Treatment Preventi Anything diseases of Presentation on Else? CNS Trypanoso Trypanosoma Tsetse fly Painful lesion May be Endemic in miasis species vector (chancre) at site successful Africa of bite then if started AKA spreads to blood before African (stage 1) and coma Sleeping next CNS (stage (stage 1), Sickness 2) if after there is no Chronic fever, recovery change in sleep patterns and behavior, general body wasting, coma, death Coma=sleeping sickness Toxoplas Toxoplasma -consumption Asymptomatic Preg -cysts found mosis gondii of or non- women in soil undercooked neuroinvasive in should -most common hamburger most cases not -affects 50% parasite of meat - change world pop humans immunocompro little -domestic cat mised: brain boxes species tissue attaches, (if they cerebral lesions, do- need -contact with seizures, death to wear cat feces -fetal gloves) infection: -contact w hearing loss, fomites mental disability, -vertical lesions of the during retina causing pregnancy blindness, miscarriage -not serious in healthy people -serious in AIDS pt, preg women Can cross placenta, so dangerous in preg