Lecture 1-Definition of Terms PDF

Definition of Terms Artificial insemination. It is the process of placing of sperm in the female reproductive tract by other than natural means. Average liveweight. It is the average weight (in live form) of chicken during harvest/market age. Bantam. It is a small chicken, u...

Definition of Terms Artificial insemination. It is the process of placing of sperm in the female reproductive tract by other than natural means. Average liveweight. It is the average weight (in live form) of chicken during harvest/market age. Bantam. It is a small chicken, usually weighing from 16 to 30 ounces (0.45 to 0.85 kg) as an adult. Beak. It is the projecting mouth part of the chicken and turkey, consisting of the upper and lower mandibles; organ of prehension. Bill. It is the projecting mouth part of waterfowls, consisting of the upper and lower mandible. Breed. It refers to a race of domestic fowls which maintains distinctive characteristics, shape, growth temperament, and shell color of eggs produced. Breed is a broader term than variety. Breed includes varieties, example: Barred, White and Buff varieties of Plymouth Rock breed. Breeder. It is a general term that designates the poultry raiser who produces fowls for any special purpose with the object of improving their value or in conformity with an agreed standard of excellence. The same term can be used to mean the animals used for breeding.  Broiler. It refers to meat type chicken commonly grown up to 35 to 42 days and weighing 1.5 to 2.0 kg liveweight. Brooder. A place where young chicks/ducklings are cared for after hatching until they have grown to a point where they no longer need additional heat. Broodiness. It is the condition when a hen stops laying eggs and want to sit on a nest of eggs to hatch then. Brooding. It is the process of providing comfort to the chicks until such time that their thermo-regulatory mechanism becomes functional.  Broody. A character trait exhibited by egg sitter-type female birds. Candling. It is the process of determining infertile eggs with the use of high-intensity light. Cannibalism. It is the act of eating its own kind. Capon. It is a caponized cockerel; usually grown up to 4 month and weigh up to 3 kg with more improved quality of meat. Capon. It refers to a male chicken that has been surgically castrated. Chick. It is a young domestic chicken while in the downy stage.  Chick. It refers to a young of a chicken. Chicken. It is the most popular poultry species; different from turkeys, ducks, quails, geese, etc. Cloaca. It is the enlarge part of the digestive tract where the large intestine joins the vent. Clutches. It refers to group of eggs laid for successive days. Cock/Rooster. It is a male fowl one year old or over. Cockerel. It is an immature male chicken.  Cockerel. It refers to a male fowl less than one year old. Comb. It is made of vascularized tissue growing on top of the fowl’s head. This serves as an ornamental function, sign of status and condition of the male and for heat dissipation. The standard variety of comb are single, rose, pea, V-shaped, strawberry, cushion and the buttercup; all others being modification of these. Comb. It is the fleshy crest on the top of the head. Crop. It is an enlargement of the gullet which serves as storage area for feed.  Crop. It refers to the receptacle in which a fowl’s food is accumulated before if passes to the gizzard. Culls. These are old hens that had passed their usefulness for commercial egg production. Debeaking. It is the cutting off parts of the upper and lower beak of poultry. Debeaking. It is the process of cutting the upper and lower mandibles with the use of electrically controlled cauterizing blade having a temperature of 815 0C to destroy the tissue responsible to generate beak growth.  Crop. It refers to the receptacle in which a fowl’s food is accumulated before if passes to the gizzard. Culls. These are old hens that had passed their usefulness for commercial egg production. Debeaking. It is the cutting off parts of the upper and lower beak of poultry. Debeaking. It is the process of cutting the upper and lower mandibles with the use of electrically controlled cauterizing blade having a temperature of 815 0C to destroy the tissue responsible to generate beak growth.  Desnooding. It is the process of removing the tubular fleshy appendage on the top of the head of some types of poultry. Down. It is the first covering of a chick whose major function is for insulation. Down. It refers to the first hairy covering of the chick. It also refers to the tuffs of feather-like growth that are sometimes found on the shanks, toes, feet or webs of the feet of fowls. Drake. It refers to a mature male duck. Dubbing. It is the process of cutting off the comb, wattles and earlobes so as to leave the head smooth.  Duck. It is a mature female duck. Duckling. It is the young of a duck. Duckling. It is the young of the duck family in the downy stage of plumage. Feed conversion ratio. It is the volume of feeds necessary to produce a kilogram gain in weight. Fowl. It is a general term applied to all poultry species specifically, applied to designate mature domestic cocks and hens. Poultry can refer also to the dressed carcass of fowls. Fryer. It is a young bird of about 10 to 16 weeks old. Gander. It is a mature male goose.  Gizzard. It refers to the muscular part of the digestive system of birds which, crushes and grinds the feed and mixes it with the digestive juices. Gobble. It is the throaty, gurgling cry of a tom. Goose. It refers to a mature female goose. Goosling. It refers to the young of a goose. Harvest recovery. It is the number or volume of chicken sold or marketed based on the number of day-old chicks raised. Hatchery. It is a place where the facilities and process of incubation and hatching is done.  Hatching. It is the process where the fully developed embryo breaks out of the eggs. Hen. It is a mature female chicken that has laid an egg. Incubation. It is the process of keeping eggs at the right temperature and humidity for hatching. Incubation. It refers to the period (in days) where embryonic development takes place outside the body of the hen. Infundibulum. A part of the female bird’s reproductive system, which is a funnel-shaped end of the oviduct that is close to the ovary. Layer. It refers to an egg type or dual-type 6 months old female that lays eggs.  Molting. It is the process or phenomenon of shedding of feathers of birds. Morbidity rate. It is the number of birds afflicted with disease. Oviposition. It is the act of laying eggs. Ovulation. It refers to the mature ova released from the ovary which is affected by hormonal secretion (LH). Panting. It is the gasping for air in birds to reduce body temperature. Pinfeathers. A feather that is not fully developed.  Plucking. It is the process of removing feather of bird especially when dressing it. Plumage. These are the feathers of a fowl. Poulard. A female bird whose ovaries have been removed. Poult. It is a young of a turkey. Poult. It is the young of a domestic turkey; the term is properly applied until sex can be distinguished, when they are called cockerels and pullets. Poultry. It is a collective term for all domestic birds rendering economic service to man. Domesticated birds are those that can live and multiply freely under care of man.  Poultry. It is a collective term for all domesticated birds rendering economic service or value to man. Poultry species. These are kinds of birds that are included in the term poultry. Primaries. It refers to the longest feathers of a wing, growing between the pinions and secondaries, hidden when wing is folded, otherwise known as flight feathers. Puberty. It is the age at which sexual maturity is reached. Pullet. It is a female fowl 5 to 6 months of age intended for egg production. Pullet. It refers to a mature female chicken that has not laid an egg.  Pullet duck. It is a female duck less than 6 months old. Quill. It is the hollow, horny, basal part of stem of a feather. Secondaries. These are the long, large quill feathers that grow between the first and second joint of the wing, nearest to the body, that are visible when the wing is folded. Shank. It refers to the portion of a fowl’s leg below the hock, exclusive of the foot and toes. Single comb. It is a comb consisting of a single, fleshy, serrated formation extending from the beak backward over the crown of the head.  Spaying. It is the process of surgically removing the ovary in female chicken. Straight-run. It refers to a group of male and female chicks. Strain. It refers to a family of any variety of poultry that possesses and produces with mark regularity, common regular characters which distinguish it from other families of the same variety. Tom. It is a mature male turkey. Turkey. It is a mature female turkey.  Variety. It is a subdivision of a breed and a term use to distinguish fowls having the standard shape and other characteristics of the breed to which they belong, but differing in colors of plumage, shape of combs, etc. from other groups of the same breed. Vent. It is the external opening of the lower end of the digestive system in poultry. Wattle. It is a projection of skin hanging from the chin or throat, especially in poultry and goat. Wattle. It is the pendant growth at the sides and base of the beak.  Web (Web of the feather). It refers to the portion of a feather, made up of a series of barbs on either sides of shaft. Web of the feet. It refers to the flat skin beside the toes. Web of wings. It refers to the triangular skin attaching the three joints of the wings, visible when the wings are extended. Wing-web vaccination. It is the process of injecting a vaccine into the skin on the underside of the wing web at the elbow.