Earthquake and Fault: Folds, Faults, and Mountain Types

# FOLDS, FAULTS, AND MOUNTAIN TYPES ## Mountains formation - Three types - Volcanic - Folded - Faulted ## Mountains caused by Pressure - As plates move, pressure builds causing bends or breaks in land. - Any time crust moves it will cause an earthquake. ## Folding - When rock is put under st...

# FOLDS, FAULTS, AND MOUNTAIN TYPES ## Mountains formation - Three types - Volcanic - Folded - Faulted ## Mountains caused by Pressure - As plates move, pressure builds causing bends or breaks in land. - Any time crust moves it will cause an earthquake. ## Folding - When rock is put under stress, sometimes it bends... this is called FOLDING. - These make folded mountains. ## Folds: - These types of folds are called ANTICLINE folds. (Image of a mountainous terrain with numerous anticlines) - These types of folds are called SYNCLINE folds. (Image of rock formation with rock layers bending downward) - When one side moves up and the other moves down, these types of folds are called MONOCLINE folds. (image of rock formation with rock layers tilting upwards) ## Faults Section - Sometimes rock doesn't bend, but it breaks instead... this is called FAULTING. - These make Fault-Block Mountains. - There are 3 types of faults: - Normal Fault. - Reverse Fault. - Strike Slip Fault. ## Normal Faults - (Image showcasing a normal fault, with the hanging wall, the footwall, and fault scarp labeled) - The hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall. - Occurs when TENSION causes tectonic plates to move apart. - Happens at a divergent plate boundary - (image showcasing a normal fault formation on a roadside) ## Reverse Faults - (Image showcasing a reverse fault, with the hanging wall, the footwall labeled) - The hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall (the reverse of a normal fault). - Occurs when COMPRESSION causes tectonic plates to push rocks together. - Happens at a convergent plate boundary - (Image of a cliff side showing the hanging wall of a reverse fault formation) ## Faults | Fault Type | Description | |---|---| | Normal Fault | When rocks are pulled apart. One slab of rock slide DOWNWARD. | | Reverse Fault | When rocks are pushed together. One slab of rock slides UPWARD. | ## Strike Slip Faults - (Image showcasing a strike slip fault, with the arrows indicating horizontal movement of the rocks) - When opposing forces called SHEARING cause the rock to break and move horizontally. - The ground appears to move to the left or right. - Happens at a transform plate boundary. - (Image showcasing a strike slip fault, showing rows in a field which have been shifted) ## Review: | Type of Force | Description | Boundary Type | Fault Type | |---|---|---|---| | Compression | Pushing Together | Convergent | Reverse | | Tension | Pulling Apart | Divergent | Normal | | Shearing | Sliding Past | Transform | Strike-Slip |