General Biology - Unit 1 - Chapter 1 PDF

UNIT 1 GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 CHAPTER 1 LESSON 1.4 Life and It’s Beginnings  GROUP ACTIVITY Discuss the assigned topic using the template will be given by the teacher. Present the assigned activity before the class discussion starts....

UNIT 1 GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 CHAPTER 1 LESSON 1.4 Life and It’s Beginnings  GROUP ACTIVITY Discuss the assigned topic using the template will be given by the teacher. Present the assigned activity before the class discussion starts. Experiment Proponent Hypothesis Experimental Design Finding and Results Implications  GROUP ACTIVITY Topics: Redi’s Experiment Needham’s Experiment Spallanzani’s Experiment Pasteur’s Experiment Divine Creation Spontaneous Origin Panspermia  Early Belief About the Origin of Life One belief that governed the thinking is the theory of spontaneous generation or abiogenesis. Spontaneous generation -- is the idea that life originates from nonliving matter. -- It was proposed by Aristotle in the fourth century.  Early Belief About the Origin of Life As time passed by, scientists questioned this belief and began to explore and opposing idea, biogenesis. Biogenesis -- Is the belief that life originates from preexisting life.  Redi’s Experiment 1st jar as expected, the rotting meat attracted flies, and the meat was soon swarming with maggots, which hatched into flies. 2nd jar were covered so that flies could not get in [middle], no maggots were produced. To answer the objection that the cover cut off fresh air necessary for spontaneous generation 3rd jar Redi covered the jars with porous gauze [right] instead of an air-tight cover. Flies were attracted to the smell of the rotting meat, clustered on the gauze, which was soon swarming with maggots, but the meat itself remained free of maggots Redi's experiment simply but effectively demonstrates that life is necessary to produce life  Francesco Redi (1626 -  1697) An Italian scientist who challenged the theory of spontaneous generation  Through this experiment , Redi was able to prove that organism do not just Redi’s Experiment Redi’s Experiment Needham’s Experiment  Lazzaro Spallanzani  An Italian scientist who challenged Needham’s experiment. Lazzaro Spallanzani  Louis Pasteur (1861)  Through his experiment, most scientists were convinced that spontaneous generation does not occur.  He believed that microorganisms present in putrefying materials are present in the air or might have been present on the surface where decaying Louis Pasteur LESSON 1.5Unifying Themes About Life  Unifying Themes About Life Living things demonstrate common characteristics clustered into themes: 1.GATHERING AND USING ENERGY. --- one unique characteristics of living things is the ability to use energy and materials to ensure survival. --- these process by which energy is released by the breakdown of food substances is called the cellular respiration.  Unifying Themes About Life --- the sum of all chemical processes and energy changes happening inside the body of an organism is referred to Metabolism. these chemical reactions that power organism’s life processes and provide them raw materials are performed in sequence and regulated. Metabolic process include the nutrient intake, nutrient processing and waste elimination. --- the process by which organisms acquire food is called nutrition. All living organisms need to feed in order to survive,  Maintaining Internal 1.EXCRETION. Balance --- the process way of removing wastes. These metabolic waste products include the carbon dioxide, water, mineral salts and nitrogenous waste products. 2. HOMEOSTASIS. --- all metabolic processes must be coordinated and regulated. The metabolic level, chemical reactions are processed to ensure efficient coordination via enzymes.  Responding, Adapting and 1.MOTILITY. Evolving --- most animals can move from one place to another by walking, flying, swimming, gliding or jumping. These movement is called locomotion or motility.  Responding, Adapting and 2. IRRITABILITY. Evolving --- external factors or stimuli such as light sound, temperature, pressure, food sources or presence of chemical substances, affect living things. The reaction of an organism to stimuli is called tropism or response. --- the ability of an organism to respond appropriately to a stimulus is called sensitivity or irritability.  Responding, Adapting and Evolving 3. INDIVIDUAL ADAPTATION --- the ability to adjust to changes in the environment. Food supply can be limited, temperature and relative humidity fluctuate and natural calamities occur. 4. EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTATION --- is a gradual or rapid change in body structure or behavior to be better suited to survive in a new environment.  Reproducing and Continuing Life 1.Growth and Development --- all living things undergo defined stages in their life cycle called development --- growth increased in size and volume by converting food to become a part of body cells. Living things exhibit growth from within the cells in a process called intussusception  Reproducing and Continuing Life 2. REPRODUCTION --- is a process by which genetics information is passed on from one generation to another as organisms produce offspring. a.Sexual reproduction--- union of sex cells from two parents. b.Asexual reproduction--- occurs when an organism make copies of itself.  Reproducing and Continuing Life 3. HEREDITY: UNITY AMIDST DIVERSITY --- animals, plants and microorganisms carry the common genetic material DNA. Laboratory Activity 1 Biology in Daily Life Page 32A-32B  Laboratory Activity 2 Spontaneous Generation of Maggots Page 32C-32D  Performance Task 1.Give at least Five (5) Branches of Biology? 2.What are the function and relationships with their environment? 3.What are the possible career opportunities in biological sciences are needed to solve societal problems? THANK YOU!