Foundation in Cybersecurity 2.pdf

Lecture: Basic Networking Concepts Network Topologies Bus Topology: Description: All devices re connected to single centr l c ble. Adv nt ge: E sy to inst ll nd extend. Dis dv nt ge: A f ilure in the centr l c ble c n bring dow...

Lecture: Basic Networking Concepts Network Topologies Bus Topology: Description: All devices re connected to single centr l c ble. Adv nt ge: E sy to inst ll nd extend. Dis dv nt ge: A f ilure in the centr l c ble c n bring down the entire network. St r Topology: Description: All devices re connected to centr l hub. Adv nt ge: E sy to m n ge nd troubleshoot. Dis dv nt ge: The hub represents single point of f ilure. Ring Topology: Description: E ch device is connected to two other devices, forming circul r p th for sign ls. Adv nt ge: D t p ckets tr vel t high speeds. Dis dv nt ge: A f ilure in ny c ble or device c n disrupt the network. Mesh Topology: Description: Devices re interconnected, with multiple p ths for d t. Adv nt ge: High redund ncy nd reli bility. Dis dv nt ge: C n be complex nd expensive to implement. Hybrid Topology: Description: Combines two or more di erent types of topologies. Adv nt ge: Flexible nd sc l ble. Dis dv nt ge: C n be complex to design nd m n ge. a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a ff a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a  Cont’d Network Types LAN (Loc l Are Network) A network th t connects devices within limited re such s home, school, or o ice building. Ex mple: An o ice network connecting computers, printers, nd servers within building. WAN (Wide Are Network) A network th t covers bro d re , connecting multiple LANs over long dist nces. Ex mple: The internet, which connects v rious LANs round the world. MAN (Metropolit n Are Network) A network th t sp ns city or l rge c mpus, connecting multiple LANs within the re. Ex mple: A university c mpus network connecting v rious buildings nd dep rtments. PAN (Person l Are Network) A network for person l devices, typic lly within r nge of few meters. Ex mple: Bluetooth connections between sm rtphone nd wireless he dset. a a a a a a a a a ff a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a ff a  Overview of TCP/IP Model and OSI Model TCP/IP Model L yers: Applic tion L yer: Interf ces with softw re pplic tions (e.g., HTTP, FTP). Tr nsport L yer: Provides communic tion between devices (e.g., TCP, UDP). Internet L yer: H ndles logic l ddressing nd routing (e.g., IP). Network Interf ce L yer: M n ges physic l ddressing nd d t tr nsmission (e.g., Ethernet). a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a  Overview of TCP/IP Model and OSI Model OSI Model L yers: Applic tion L yer: Provides network services to pplic tions (e.g., HTTP, SMTP). Present tion L yer: Tr nsl tes, encrypts, nd compresses d t (e.g., SSL/TLS). Session L yer: M n ges sessions nd controls di logues between computers (e.g., NetBIOS). Tr nsport L yer: Ensures d t tr nsfer reli bility (e.g., TCP, UDP). Network L yer: M n ges logic l ddressing nd routing (e.g., IP). D t Link L yer: H ndles physic l ddressing nd error detection (e.g., Ethernet, PPP). Physic l L yer: M n ges the physic l connection between devices (e.g., c bles, switches). a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a