Ethics Reviewer Lesson 1 PDF

THE ETHICAL DIMENSION OF HUMAN EXISTENCE ETHICS IS NOT AESTHETICS Aesthetics- derived from Greek word aesthesis it ETHICS- is about matters such as the good thing m...

THE ETHICAL DIMENSION OF HUMAN EXISTENCE ETHICS IS NOT AESTHETICS Aesthetics- derived from Greek word aesthesis it ETHICS- is about matters such as the good thing means sense or feeling. It refers to the judgement that we should pursue and the bad thing that we of approval that we make about ourselves. should avoid; the right ways in which we could or should act and the wrong ways of acting. It is about ETHICS IS NOT ETIQUETTE what is acceptable and unacceptable in human behavior. It may involve obligations that we are Etiquette- Also concern with right or wrong expected to fulfill, prohibitions that we are actions (similarities of ETHICS and ETIQUETTE) required to respect, or ideals that we are encouraged to meet. Ethics as a subject for us to Etiquette- talks about right or wrong action which study is about determining the grounds for the can be considered trivial in nature. values with particular and special significance to human life. very little importance Philosophical study of moral values and rules ETHICS IS NOT TECHNICAL VALUATION Other term of ethics is moral philosophy; Talks about right and wrong action that we do that studying the foundation of morality easily appear in certain context. * a person’s worth is not defined by single action 3 Guidelines of morality he/she committed. 1. Ethics talks about obligation or duties that we need to fulfill B. ETHICS AND MORALS- Our second point of *What are the things that we need to do; as a clarification is on the use of the words “ethics” and student what is your duties or obligation that “morals”. This discussion of ethics and morals would you need to fulfill. include cognates such as ethical, unethical, immoral, 2. Ethics talks about obligation that we oath to morality, and so on. respect *The things that we should not be doing Cognates- These words which are related to one *Prohibition that we need to respect or avoid another. doing Amoral- Talks about individual or a person who lacks 3. Ethics talks abot ideals which are encourage for moral principle. us to do or accomplish The term “morals” may be used to refer to specific beliefs or attitudes that people have or to describe acts CLARIFICATION AND TERMINOLOGY that people perform. Thus, it is sometimes said that an individual’s personal conduct is referred to as his A. KINDS OF VALUATION- Ethics gives us the morals. However, we also have terms as “moral reason why we need to value ourselves; it helps judgement” or “moral reasonings”, which suggest a us to see what is right and what is wrong. What more rational aspect. The term “ethics” can be spoken are the things that we shouldn’t be doing and of as the discipline of studying and understanding ideal what are the things that we need to emulate. human behavior and ideal ways of thinking.  Thus, ethics is acknowledged as an intellectual discipline D. ISSUE , DECISION, JUDGMENT, AND belonging to philosophy. However, acceptable and DILEMMA unacceptable behaviors are also generally described as ethical and unethical, respectively. In addition, with A. MORAL ISSUE- Moral issue is often used to regard to the acceptable and unacceptable ways of refer to those particular situations that are often behaving in a given field, we have the term “professional the source of considerable and inclusive debate. ethics”. B. MORAL DECISION- When one is placed in Moral- Persons personal conduct; asal or ugali ng tao a situation and confronted by the choice of Ethics- Philosophical study to know the ideal behavior; what act to perform. She is called to make wastong ugal or asal; core values and rules na dapat a moral decision. (ikaw nag de-decision) ginagampananbilang tao because we are morally judged. C. MORAL JUDGMENT- When a person is an 2 KINDS OF ETHICS observer who makes the assessment on the actions or behavior of someone, he is C. DESCRIPTIVE AND NORMATIVE approach making a moral judgment. (yung ibang tao yung gumagawa ng judgment) The third point of clarification is to distinguish between a descriptive and normative study of ethics. A descriptive D. MORAL DILEMMA- When an individual is study of ethics reports how people, particularly groups, torn between choosing one of the two make their moral valuations without making any judgment goods or choosing between the lesser of either for or against these valuations. two evils, this is referred to as moral Inaaral mo yung ugali, morality ng isang grupo ng tao dilemma. (hindi alam kung ano yung pero hindi mo hinuhusgahan kung tama ba or mali yung pagpapasyahan mo) ginagawa. III. REASONING A normative study of ethics is often done in philosophy Reasoning and punishment are the lowest or moral theology, engages the question: What could or form of education. -Zhuangzi should be considered as the right way of acting? In other words, a normative discussion prescribes what we ABSTARCTION- Concept or idea not ought to maintain as our standards or bases for moral associated with specific instance. valuation. When engaging a discussion of ethics, it is always advisable to recognize whether one is considered with descriptive view or with normative perspective. Hindi lang inaaral kung ano yung moralidad but implement or sinasabi mo kung ano yung tama or mal isa kanilang ginagawa. IV. SOURCES OF AUTHORITY (External forces) 1. LAW 2. RELIGION 3. CULTURE V. SENSES OF THE SELF (Internal Authority) A. SUBJECTIVISIM- I am entitled to my own opinion B. PSYCHOLOGICAL EGOISM- Gagagwin ko ang tama dahil may benepisyo ito na makabubuti para sa akin *Ego lang ang iniisip C. ETHICAL EGOISM- Kailangan mong tumulong sa iba hindi lang para s asarili kung hindi makabubuti rin sa iba; in the long run may mabuting balik din sayo.