Preparedness and Response Plans PDF

Preparedness and Response Plans  PREPAREDNESS Involves proactive planning and training before a disaster occurs: a. Risk Assessment Identify potential hazards (natural, biological, chemical, radiological, etc.) Evaluate the vulnerability o...

Preparedness and Response Plans  PREPAREDNESS Involves proactive planning and training before a disaster occurs: a. Risk Assessment Identify potential hazards (natural, biological, chemical, radiological, etc.) Evaluate the vulnerability of the population and healthcare infrastructure.  PREPAREDNESS b. Education and Training Regular disaster drills and simulations for nurses and healthcare staff. Training in triage, emergency procedures, and infection control.  PREPAREDNESS c. Emergency Supplies and Logistics Stockpile essential medical supplies, equipment, medications, and PPE. Ensure backup systems for power, water, and communication.  PREPAREDNESS d. Communication Protocols Establish internal and external lines of communication. Coordinate with local, regional, and national emergency management agencies.  PREPAREDNESS e. Role Definition Clearly define roles and responsibilities of nursing staff during a disaster. Assign disaster response team leaders and triage officers.  RESPONSE PLANS Response encompasses the immediate actions taken during and after a disaster. It focuses on preserving life and reducing health impacts. a. Triage and Patient Care Implement disaster triage systems (e.g., START, JumpSTART). Prioritize treatment based on severity and resource availability.  RESPONSE PLANS b. Infection Control and Public Health Measures Prevent disease outbreaks through isolation, vaccination, sanitation, etc. Provide mental health support for victims and responders.  RESPONSE PLANS c. Coordination and Communication Collaborate with emergency responders, hospitals, and public health officials. Use communication tools to keep the public informed.  RESPONSE PLANS d. Documentation and Reporting Record patient data accurately for continuity of care and legal purposes. Report outcomes and resource use for evaluation and reimbursement.  RESPONSE PLANS e. Continuity of Care Ensure ongoing care for patients with chronic conditions. Establish temporary clinics or shelters as needed.  ROLES AND FUNCTIONS IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PLANS Incident Commander (IC) Responsible for overall leadership, decision-making, and communication during the incident. Overall Authority: Has ultimate decision-making power over all aspects of the disaster response. Develops Objectives: Sets strategic goals and response priorities. Resource Management: Coordinates allocation of personnel, equipment, and supplies. Communication Hub: Maintains communication with local authorities, hospitals, EMS, and other response agencies.  ROLES AND FUNCTIONS IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PLANS Incident Commander (IC) Safety Oversight: Ensures safety protocols are followed to protect responders and patients. Documentation: Oversees accurate and timely documentation of actions and outcomes. Public Information: May designate a spokesperson or issue public updates during emergencies.  ROLES AND FUNCTIONS IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PLANS Medical Command Physician Provides clinical oversight and ensures appropriate medical care is delivered during a disaster. Clinical Supervision: Directs all medical care activities at the disaster site or healthcare facility. Treatment Protocols: Implements evidence-based protocols for trauma, infectious diseases, etc. Resource Triage: Assists in decisions on allocation of limited medical resources (e.g., ventilators, ICU beds).  ROLES AND FUNCTIONS IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PLANS Medical Command Physician Liaison Role: Coordinates with hospitals, specialists, EMS, and public health authorities. Medical Staffing: Assigns clinical personnel to needed areas and roles. Ethical Decision-Making: Guides decisions involving difficult ethical dilemmas (e.g., who receives scarce treatments).  ROLES AND FUNCTIONS IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PLANS Triage Officer Responsible for assessing and categorizing patients based on the severity of their condition and urgency of care. Patient Assessment: Quickly evaluates victims using triage protocols (e.g., START, JumpSTART). Priority Classification: Categorizes patients (e.g., Immediate [Red], Delayed [Yellow], Minor [Green], Deceased/Expectant [Black]). Triage Area Management: Establishes and supervises triage zones; ensures orderly patient flow.  ROLES AND FUNCTIONS IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PLANS Triage Officer Re-triage: Reassesses patients periodically as conditions evolve. Communication: Reports patient numbers and severity to the Medical Command and Incident Commander. Documentation: Maintains accurate triage tags or records for each patient.  ROLES AND FUNCTIONS IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PLANS Community Relations for Public Information Officer (PIO) Responsible for managing communication between the disaster response team and the public/media. Public Communication: Provides timely, accurate, and clear information to the public during all disaster phases. Media Liaison: Coordinates with TV, radio, print, and online media to disseminate official information. Rumor Control: Addresses misinformation or panic by issuing verified updates.  ROLES AND FUNCTIONS IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PLANS Community Relations for Public Information Officer (PIO) Community Awareness: Promotes preparedness through campaigns, infographics, and advisories before disasters. Press Briefings: Organizes and leads press conferences or media interviews on behalf of the Incident Commander. Internal Coordination: Ensures consistent messaging with other agencies and stakeholders.  ROLES AND FUNCTIONS IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PLANS NDRRM National and Local Council The NDRRMC (formerly NDCC) is the Philippine government’s primary agency for disaster risk reduction and response coordination. Policy and Planning: Develops national disaster preparedness and risk reduction frameworks and contingency plans. Resource Mobilization: Coordinates allocation and distribution of resources (personnel, funds, equipment). Interagency Coordination: Links all national agencies (e.g., DOH, DSWD, AFP, DepEd) for unified response.  ROLES AND FUNCTIONS IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PLANS NDRRM National and Local Council Early Warning Systems: Supports local DRRM councils in disseminating early warning messages and evacuation notices. Capacity Building: Trains local government units (LGUs) and communities on disaster preparedness and response. Monitoring and Evaluation: Assesses disaster response effectiveness and updates strategies accordingly. Local NDRRMC Units: Ensure regional and barangay-level councils follow protocols and contribute to localized preparedness efforts.  ROLES AND FUNCTIONS IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PLANS Philippine National Red Cross (PNRC) It is an auxiliary humanitarian organization that supports the government in disaster relief and response. Emergency Response: Provides search and rescue, first aid, and relief services during disasters. Health and Welfare Assistance: Offers psychosocial support, blood services, and mobile health clinics. Volunteer Mobilization: Trains and deploys thousands of volunteers for disaster response operations.  ROLES AND FUNCTIONS IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PLANS Philippine National Red Cross (PNRC) Logistics and Relief Distribution: Delivers food, water, hygiene kits, and shelter materials to affected communities. Restoring Family Links (RFL): Helps reconnect separated families through communication services. Community-Based Programs: Engages in disaster risk reduction, community preparedness, and resilience-building at the grassroots level. Coordination with LGUs and NDRRMC: Ensures operations align with national disaster response strategies.  ROLES AND FUNCTIONS IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PLANS National and Local Health Personnel Preparedness Phase: Develop health emergency response plans and protocols. Conduct health risk assessments and community education. Stockpile essential medical supplies and equipment. Train healthcare workers in disaster response, triage, and mass casualty management.  ROLES AND FUNCTIONS IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PLANS National and Local Health Personnel Response Phase: Provide emergency medical services and trauma care. Set up temporary health facilities or mobile medical units. Monitor and control outbreaks of diseases. Ensure the continuity of essential health services.  ROLES AND FUNCTIONS IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PLANS Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) Preparedness Phase: Lead in planning and coordinating social welfare and humanitarian services. Pre-position relief goods and family food packs. Coordinate with LGUs for the identification of vulnerable populations.  ROLES AND FUNCTIONS IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PLANS Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) Response Phase: Lead in the distribution of relief goods and provision of emergency shelter. Provide psychosocial support and services to affected individuals. Activate and manage evacuation centers and temporary shelters. Implement emergency cash transfer and livelihood support programs.  ROLES AND FUNCTIONS IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PLANS Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) Preparedness Phase: Raise awareness and conduct disaster risk reduction (DRR) training at the community level. Advocate for inclusive and participatory disaster planning. Develop local contingency and preparedness plans in coordination with LGUs.  ROLES AND FUNCTIONS IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PLANS Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) Response Phase: Deliver supplementary relief and recovery services. Provide specialized support (e.g., legal aid, child protection, disability inclusion). Monitor aid distribution and ensure accountability and transparency.  ROLES AND FUNCTIONS IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PLANS Community Volunteers Preparedness Phase: Participate in community-based disaster risk reduction and management training. Assist in hazard mapping, early warning systems, and evacuation planning. Act as first responders during emergencies.  ROLES AND FUNCTIONS IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PLANS Community Volunteers Response Phase: Support evacuation, search and rescue operations. Assist in distributing relief goods and managing evacuation centers. Provide local knowledge and facilitate communication between responders and residents. Leadership Roles and Responsibilities of a Nurse in Disaster Risk Reduction and Management  Leadership Roles and Responsibilities of a Nurse in Disaster Risk Reduction and Management ❖ The role of nurses as key players in disaster situations becomes from nurses broad caregiving skills, adaptability and creativity, wide range of skills applied of disaster setting and leadership skills nurses have. ❖ As Kalanlar (2018) puts its “Disaster nursing can be defined as systemicusage of nursing knowledge and skills in disasters and development of practices designed to reduce disaster damages to healthand eliminate its life threating hazards.” ❖ Nurses roles evolves from technical skills and knowledge of epidemiology, cultural-familial structures and psychosocial issues with nurses strategic role cooperating with broad health and social disciplines. (ICN & WHO, 2009). ❖ Nurses serve as leaders in disaster preparedness and response at multiple levels: within their own homes and neighborhoods, at disaster scenes and the workplace, which can vary from a healthcare facility, in the community or at the state, national or international level.  LEADERSHIP THEORIES AND CRISIS LEADERSHIP LEADERSHIP – first and foremost involves a process that occurs between leader and his/her followers. - second component of leadership involves influence, which is concerned with how a leader affects his or her followers. - third component is that it occurs in groups. Groups are made up of individuals that have a common purpose. - fourth and final component of leadership is concerned with accomplishing goals. - it is the leader that is responsible for directing a group of individuals toward accomplishing some task or outcome (Cotton, 2009; Stogdill, 1974).  THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP Situational Leadership Theory – the leader look at the different variable surrounding the situation to make the best choice of leadership style (Marriner Tomey, 2009). Transformational Leadership Theory – recognizes that for leaders to be effective, the organizational culture needs to change. Integrative Leadership Theory – concludes that the leader, the follower and the situation all influence leadership effectiveness (Marrinier-Tomey, 2009).  CRISIS LEADERSHIP The definition of crisis leadership identifies three essential components: communication, clarity of vision and values and caring relationships (Klann, 2002) Leaders who develop, pay attention to and practice these qualities are better able to handle the important human dimension of a crisis.  CRISIS MANAGEMENT VS. CRISIS LEADERSHIP ❖ Crisis management – focuses on planning, controlling, leading, organizing and motivating prior to, during or after a crisis. ❖ Crisis management is different from crisis leadership. ❖ With crisis leadership, the leader provides vision and influence in a noncoercive manner to provide strategic decision making and guidance across the phases of crisis. ❖ Crisis leadership includes crisis management but extends beyond to cultivate the followers desire to achieve a vision and mission in a time of crisis (Porsche, 2009; Weiss, 2002). ❖ When a disaster strikes, crisis leaders need to remind people of their strengths despite the fear and anxiety provoked by the event. Capability and Capacity Building in Disaster Preparedness  CAPABILITY AND CAPACITY BUILDING IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS CAPABILITY - It refers to the collective ability of a community, organization, or society to manage and reduce the risks associated with disasters. - It encompasses the resources, skills, knowledge, and processes that are available and can be used to mitigate the impact of potential disasters.  CAPABILITY AND CAPACITY BUILDING IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS CAPACITY BUILDING - It refers to all the strengths, attributes, and resources available within a community, organization or society to manage, and reduce disaster risks, and strengthen resilience  CAPABILITY AND CAPACITY BUILDING IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS CAPACITY BUILDING - The process of developing and strenthening the skills, instincts, abilities, processes and resources that organizations and communities need to survive, adapt, and thrive in a fast-changing world  TRAININGS 1. Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Training Primarily created by and for those who live in high-risk communities and are based on their immediate needs and capabilities, disaster risk reduction activities, measures, projects, and programs. An approach that involves at-risk communities in the identification, analysis, treatment, monitoring, and evaluation of disaster risks in order to lessen their vulnerabilities and strengthen their capacities, and places the needs of the community at the center of decision-making and activity implementation  TRAININGS 2. Training of Facilitators on Contingency Planning The training aims to develop a pool of trainer-facilitators with basic competencies to facilitate the formulation of Contingency Plans towards building safe and disaster resilient communities. Specifically, the participants, at the end of the training are expected tto: a. articulate the DRR concepts, local hazards and rights-based approach as framework for response; b. discuss and demonstrate the process of drafting contingency plans; c. demonstrate teaching skills on specific topics at the local level, and d. develop a common CP design for communities and LGUs  TRAININGS 3. Evacuation and Evacuation Center Management Training- Workshop Getting ready for a successful emergency response. Camp Coordination and Camp Management (CCCM), also known as evacuation center management, is one of the key emergency response interventions (ER).. Emergency responses are defined as actions taken immediately vefore and after a disaster’s impact that are intended to save lives, protect property, and address any immediate damage the disaster has caused.  TRAININGS 4. School-based Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Training of Facilitators Working with the public school system is an important strategy in building resilience in governance. Schools are critical venues for raising public awareness and building the culture of safety. Teachers are instrumental in disseminating messages on DRR and can prepare school children to better cope with emergencies. Since most of public schoold are utilize as evacuation centers during emergencies, it plays significant role as institution for learning and venue for protecting the rights and dignity of disaster affected population.  COMPETENCY ENHANCEMENT AKA Complex combination of knowledge, skills, and abilities Emergency preparedness and disaster nursing competencies are essential because they serve as the foundation for designing curricula. A competency-based program is the most appropriate strategy for disaster and emergency preparedness educational initiatives given the significance of responders’ attitudes (affective domain), skill-set, and knowledge base (cognitive domain).  ADVOCACY ACTIVITIES 1. Raising awareness Raising awareness of schools and hospitals, especially those located in hazard-prone regions, safe from disasters. It explains the ideas of safety, hazard, vulnerability, and risk simply. It offers the reader some important questions to consider when evaluating their own school or hospital’s safety. Why campaign for schools and hospitals? Schools and hospitals are powerful symbols of social progress and development.  ADVOCACY ACTIVITIES 2. Safety first Safety is a human concern - a concern that must be taken decisively by school and hospital communities given that they are in the business of caring for the young and preserving lives. School and hospital safety must be seriously pursued and achieved at all times, especially during emergencies.  VOLUNTEERISM It means to do something, especially for other people or for an organization, willingly and without being forced or paid to do it. Volunteers trained in disaster management are specifically trained volunteers with roles and responsibilites related to emergencies. Typical roles that they might play include: Rescue Relief distributions Evacuation of those injured Family reunification Provision of health care  VOLUNTEERISM Other existing volunteers National Society may not have emergency response volunteers in every community, it may have other volunteers carrying out health, disaster risk reduction or social services. These volunteers can be an important resource to a National Society in response, in particular if they are present in emergency-affected communities.  VOLUNTEERISM Typical roles that such volunteers play include: Acting as a focal point for initial community rescue efforts Providing an initial response to immediate needs, for example first aid Communicating an initial assessment of the situation to National Society regional or national structures Providing local information and knowledge as the National Society response grows Filling further volunteer roles in support of an ongoing emergency response Crowd control  ADVISORIES Recognize the Hazards A hazard is typically described as “a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity, or condition that may cause loss of life, injury, or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruptions, or environmental damage.” Natural disasters are among the most destructive and are unavoidable. Interventions are therefore required to lessen the suffering caused by natural disasters.  SUPPORT GROUPS Disaster Management Services (DMS) It is one of the major services of the Philippine Red Cross, primarily tasked to deliver humanitarian assistance during emergency and disaster situations.  SUPPORT GROUPS The Citizen’s Disaster Response Center (CDRC) It is a non-government organization that pioneered and continues to promote community-based disaster management in the Philippines.  SUPPORT GROUPS Non-profit organizations It serve as additonal help aside from the programs and funds from the fovernment. NGOs must focus on their programs and means to send help. The deeper sense of their humanitarian act lies in their purpose.