Stem Cell Therapy for Leukemia PDF

TOPIC: Stem cell therapy for Leukemia AUTOLOGOUS VERSUS ALLOGENEIC STEM CELL TRANSPLATATION IN LEUKEMIA TREATMENT Instructors: Assoc. Prof. Phuc PHAM-VAN, PhD Present by 21187159 – Nguyễn Văn...

TOPIC: Stem cell therapy for Leukemia AUTOLOGOUS VERSUS ALLOGENEIC STEM CELL TRANSPLATATION IN LEUKEMIA TREATMENT Instructors: Assoc. Prof. Phuc PHAM-VAN, PhD Present by 21187159 – Nguyễn Văn Tân Table of Contents 1. Biology of Leukemia 2. Stem Cell Transplantation Strategy 3. Treatments Comparison 2  2. Stem Cell 1. Biology of Leukemia Transplantation Strategy 3. Treatments Comparison 1.1. Physiology of Hematopoietic System Figure 1. Process of formation of Myeloid and Lymphoid series of cell. (Arunachalam, 2020) 3  2. Stem Cell 1. Biology of Leukemia Transplantation Strategy 3. Treatments Comparison 1.2. Pathophysiology of Leukemia Figure 2. The difference between normal blood cells and Leukemia blood cells. (Arunachalam, 2020) 4  2. Stem Cell 1. Biology of Leukemia Transplantation Strategy 3. Treatments Comparison 1.3. Classification of Leukemia Cell type Acute Chronic Acute lymphoblastic Chronic lymphocytic Lymphocytic leukemia leukemia leukemia (or "lymphoblastic") (ALL) (CLL) Myelogenous leukemia Acute myelogenous Chronic myelogenous ("myeloid" or leukemia leukemia "nonlymphocytic") (AML or myeloblastic) (CML) Table 1. Four major types of leukemia based on the 2016 WHO classification (Arber et al., 2016) 5  2. Stem Cell 1. Biology of Leukemia Transplantation Strategy 3. Treatments Comparison 2.1. Major Steps in Stem Cell Transplantation. Figure 3. Chemotherapy with stem cell transplant (SCT) process. (NCI, 2024) 6  2. Stem Cell 1. Biology of Leukemia Transplantation Strategy 3. Treatments Comparison 2.2. Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation. Mechanism of Action: - Complete remission after treatment. - The blood-producing system regeneration. - Free from graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) Figure 4. Autologous stem cell transplantation process (Fran Milner, 2018) 7  2. Stem Cell 1. Biology of Leukemia Transplantation Strategy 3. Treatments Comparison 2.3. Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation. Mechanism of Action: - Destroy the cancer cell and supress patients’ immune system. - Graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect. - The blood-producing system regeneration. Figure 5. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation process (Fran Milner, 2018) 8  2. Stem Cell 1. Biology of Leukemia Transplantation Strategy 3. Treatments Comparison Autologous Stem Cell Aspect Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Transplantation Source of Patient's own stem cells, Stem cells from a HLA-matched donor Stem Cells harvested before treatment. (sibling or unrelated). Risk of No risk Higher risk GVHD Immuno- Not require Require suppression Risk of Lower Higher Infections GVT effect No Yes Relapse risk Higher Lower 9  2. Stem Cell 1. Biology of Leukemia Transplantation Strategy 3. Treatments Comparison Autologous Stem Cell Aspect Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Transplantation Depends on finding a compatible Relies on complete remission Eligibility donor and overall health of the before transplantation. patient. Complication Lower, but relapse is major Higher, due to GVHD and infections. Rates concern - Older or have health concerns Suitable - Younger, healthier patients patients - low-risk or remission - High-risk or relapsed leukemia leukemia. Table 2. The comparison between Autologous and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation. 10  REFERENCES 1. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment—NCI (nciglobal,ncienterprise). (2024, September 27). [pdqCancerInfoSummary]. https://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/patient/adult-all-treatment-pdq 2. Arber, D. A., Orazi, A., Hasserjian, R., Thiele, J., Borowitz, M. J., Le Beau, M. M., Bloomfield, C. D., Cazzola, M., & Vardiman, J. W. (2016). The 2016 revision to the World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia. Blood, 127(20), 2391–2405. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-03-643544 3. Arunachalam, S. (2020). Applications of Machine Learning and Image Processing Techniques in the Detection of Leukemia. International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science and Engineering, 8, 77–82. https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrcse/v8i2.7782 4. Stem Cell Transplantation | Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation | LLS. (n.d.). Retrieved October 15, 2024, from https://www.lls.org/treatment/types-treatment/stem-cell-transplantation/autologous-stem-cell- transplantation 11 THANK YOU FOR LISTENING 12