Art Appreciation Reviewer PDF

Art appreciation Course Description Art Appreciation is a general introduction to the visual arts, media, techniques, and history. The course is designed to create a deeper appreciation of the creative processes involved in the visual arts. This course reviews two- and three-dimensional a...

Art appreciation Course Description Art Appreciation is a general introduction to the visual arts, media, techniques, and history. The course is designed to create a deeper appreciation of the creative processes involved in the visual arts. This course reviews two- and three-dimensional art forms, methods, and media; examines the visual elements and principles of design; and briefly surveys art styles from the prehistoric to the 20th Century. It is oriented to students who have not been exposed to the formal study of these disciplines. It is a beginning level class to familiar students with the different types of art and to learn how to speak/write intelligently about art.  What is art ?? Art is a highly diverse range of human activities engaged in creating visual, auditory, or performed artifacts— artworks—that express the author’s imaginative or technical skill, and are intended to be appreciated for their beauty or emotional power. The word “art” comes from the ancient Latin “ars” which means a craft or specialized form of skill. Like carpentry or smithing or surgery. (Collingwood,1938) Ars in Medieval Latin meant “any special form of book learning, such as grammar or logic, magic or astrology. What is Art Appreciation ?? The act of recognizing or understanding The knowledge and understanding of the that something is valuable or important. universal and timeless qualities that identify all great art. A feeling or expression of admiration, approval or gratitude. The more you appreciate and understand the art of different eras, movements, styles Judgment and evaluation and techniques, the better you can Recognition of the good qualities and develop, evaluate and improve your own understanding of art. art work. What is Humanities The word humanities comes from the Latin humanus, which means human, cultured and refined. To be human is to have The discipline that study the expressions or show qualities like rationality, kindness and tenderness of human being and explore what it means to be human are Philosophy, language, social science, history, literature, religion and art. Art Explore what it means to be human. The humanities can provide enjoyment and stimulation, especially when we try to understand what it covers.  The humanities deal with man as a being of purpose, of values, loves, hates, ideas and sometimes as s seer, or prophet with divine inspiration. The fields of knowledge and study falling under humanities are dedicated to the pursuit of discovering and The humanities aim at educating. understanding the nature of man. Assumption of art ART IS UNIVERSAL Art has always been timeless and universal, spanning generations and continents through and through Misconception: Artistic made long time ago. Age is not a factor in determining art. “Art is not good because it is old, but old because it is beautiful” (Dudley, et al.1960) ART IS UNIVERSAL Example: Works of Rizal and Francisco Balagtas Not read because they are old but they are beautifully written Art regardless of origin, time and place are liked and enjoyed by people continuously. Art is not Nature Art is made by man, where as Art is man’s expression of his nature is given around us. reception of nature. Art is man’s way of interpreting nature Art is not directed by representation of reality, Is a perception of reality. Art has its reason why the artist made it. What is it that he wants to show.  Art involves experience Art is known by experience. A work of art then cannot be abstracted from actual doing. In order to know what an artwork is, we have to sense it , see or hear it. “All art depends on experience, and if one is to know art, he must know it not as fact or information but as experience.” Filipino Concept of Art Traditional Art Traditional art in the Philippines encompass folk architecture, maritime, transport, weaving, carving, folk performing's arts, folk (oral) literature, folk graphic and plastic arts, ornament, textile, or fiber art pottery and other artistic expression of traditional culture. Folk Architecture  Folk architecture in the Philippines differ significantly in keeping with ethnic group, where in the system can be fabricated from bamboo, wood, rock, coral, rattan, grass, and different materials. Folk architecture also includes spiritual homes, generally referred to as a spirit homes, which are shrines for the protecting spirits or Gods. the hut style bahay kubo The highland houses known as bale The coral homes of Batanes The royal residence torogan The palaces of essential kingdom including the Daru Jambangan or Palace of flower.  Additional Fact: Social Classes in the Philippines (before Babaylan is the Philippine the Spanish Colonial) shamans. Theses Shamas Nobles/ Maharlika, Freemen/ specialized in communicating, Timawa, Slaves/ Alipin or Namamahay appeasing, or harnessing the ( Sagigilid/ saguiguilid is the spririt of the dead and the lowest level of Slaves). spirits of nature. There are also buildings that have linked indigenous and Hispanic motif, Forming the bahay na bato structure, and its proto- type.  Bahay Kubo (Nipa Hut) is the national shelter of the Philippines. It is a Filipino traditional dwelling place made of genuine green materials like nipa leaves for the roof and split bamboos for the wall and floor. Itis a symbol of Philippine culture as it depicts the most nurtured Filipino value of called 'bayanihan,' which attributes to a spirit of collective unity or effort to accomplish an objective. Ifugao Bale or Native House The Fist pre-fabricated house in the world, according to renowned anthropologist Otley Beyer. It is considered to be one of the most indigenous and nearly perfect architectural constructs made by man. The Ifugao no-nail house evolved from a more primitive dwelling called the Abong which less permanent and is not raised.  Ivatans House or the House of Dakay The oldest House in Batanes. This was build in 1887 and the only stone house that was left after a strong earthquake that hit Batanes on September 13,1918. Ivatans House in Basco, Batanes is a must- visit cultural attraction in the Philippines. The House are made of metre- thick limestones and coral walls as well as cogon Torogan grass roofs, and they are sturdy enough to Is a traditional house built by the Maranao people of Lanao, withstand strong winds. Mindanao. A symbol of high social status. Such a residence was once a home to a sultan or Datu in the Maranao. Torogan is elevated above the ground by column cut from tress of huge girth. Its walls are covered with plywoods sticks and the roof thatched with dried coconut leaves. There is no interior partition, so it appears as a huge hall. It is intricately engraved with the flowing geometries of the Maranaw designed system called Okir.  Daru Jambangan/ The Palace of Flower Was the palace of the Sultanate of Sulu based in Maimbung Sulu. The Palace was made of wood and It was destroyed by a typhoon in 1932. It was believe to be the largest royal palace in the Philippines. In 2006, a small replica of Daru Jambangan was built in the neighboring town of Talipao and became a centerpiece for a vacation park. The replica was about 25% of the actual size of the real Daru Jambangan. Bahay na Bato / House of Stone Is a type of building originating during the Philippines-Spanish colonial period. It is an updated version of the traditional bahay kubo. It design has evolved throughout the ages, but still maintains the bahay kubo’s architectural basis which corresponds to the tropical climate, and earthquake- prone environment of the whole archipelago of the Philippines. Many of these bahay na bato homes had been declared as world history site Folk architecture includes easy sacred stick stands to indigenous castle or fortresses inclusive of the IDJANG. Geologically altering works of art including the Rice Terraces of the Philippines Cordelleras, locally called payyo. Five rice terraces cluster was declared as world history site: Nagacadan, Hungduan, Valuable Mayoyao, Bangaan and Batad Other Architectural House in the Philippines Maritime transport Maritime transport in the Philippines consist of Boat houses, boat- making and maritime traditions. These structure, traditionally made of wooden chosen by means of elders and crafts folk, were used as the principle vehicles of the people, connecting one island to another, where in the seas and rivers have become the people’s roads. Although boats are believed to were used within the archipelago for lots of years since the arrival of human beings through water, the earliest proof of boat-making and using boats in the country continues to be dated as 320 AD via the carbon-dating of the Butuan boats that are recognized as stays of a huge balangay. Balangay It is a type of lashed- lug boat built by joining planks edge-to-edge using pins, dowels, and fiber lashings. They are found throughout the Philippines and were used largely as trading ships up until the colonial era. The Balangay was declared as the National Boat of the Philippines by the House Committee on Revisions of Laws. The Balangay was chosen so that the "future generations of Filipinos will recognize the invaluable contribution of their forefathers in shaping the country's maritime tradition and in passing on the values of solidarity, harmony, determination, courage and bravery. Other Image of Maritime Transport Weaving Weaving is an ancient art form that continue in the Philippines, with each ethnic group having The weaving arts are their distinct weaving techniques. composed of basket weaving, back-strap loom weaving, headgear Weaving is a method of textile production in weaving, fishnet weaving which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are and other form of interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or weaving. cloth. Kalibo, Aklan aims to be the country’s loom weaving capital with the exquisite and the world-class Piña Cloth, the Queen of the Philippine fabrics, as its star Product.  Cloth Weaving Types of Weaved cloths in the Philippines. Expensive textile are made through the difficult 1. Pinilian –Illocos Region process called back-strap looming. 2. Bontoc Weave- Mountain Province Fiber such as cotton, abaca, banana fiber, grass 3. Kalinga Textile- Province of kalinga and palm fiber are used in the Filipino weaving 4. Piña- Aklan arts. 5. Hablon- Panay Island 6. Saputangan Tapestry Weave- Basilan 7. Mabal Tabih- Sarangani and south Cotabato 8. Bogobo Inabal- Davao del Sur 9. Dagmay- Eastern Mindanao 10.Mëranaw textile 11.Pis syab’t Weave- Sulu Archipelago 12.Tinalak- South Cotabato  Pinilian (Ilocos Region) A traditional with ancient roots, with the kapas or cotton as the main material. They use the pedal loom called pangablan. Different weaving techniques include the basic plain weave, the double- toned basket weave or binakul, and the multi-heddle weave (binetwagan or tinumballitan). They are said to be adept in the simultaneous warp and weft-float type of pinilian called the impalagto, a technique unique in the town. Bontoc Weave (Mountain Province) It revolves around the idea of centeredness, which symbolises permanence, order, and balance, key factors in the life of the Bontoc people. In its weave, the process starts with the sides called langkit until it journeys into the pa-ikid (side panels), fatawil (warp bands), and shukyong (arrows). Afterwards, the sinamaki weaving commences, where the tinagtakho (human figure), minatmata (diamond), and tinitiko (zigzag) are incorporated. The last is center, pa-khawa, which features the kan-ay (supplementary weft). Because of the complex process of adding the kan-ay, the center panel would be woven last.  Hablon (Panay Island) Kalinga Textile (Province of kalinga) Piña (Aklan) Is the fine textiles of the Karay-a Are embedded into the geometry Is made from the fibers of and Hiligaynon people, which of weaving itself. the leaves of the red Bisaya have been known from the Tiny motifs, pattern and pineapple through an epics of the people. embellishment have arduous process. The textile is usually used for characterized, include continuous Those made by the Aklanon Visayan patadyong and panuelo. lozenge pattern locally called are the most prized, and are The hablon is usually a plain inata-ata, and mother-of-pearl utilized in the national weave and has plaid and platelets called pawekan, among costumes of the country, striped designs. It is usually many others. such as barong Tagalog. used for the patadyong, the Visayan wraparound skirt, and panuelo.  Saputangan Tapestry Weave (Basilan) The Yakan people is a highly skilled weaving utilizing the bunga-sama supplementary weft weave, the siniluan warp-floating pattern, the inalaman supplementary-weft technique, and the pinantupan weft band pattern. The saputangan is an example of a tapestry weave, considered the oldest and most traditional technique in producing ornamented woven textiles, aside from the plain weave technique wherein stripes and plaids are formed. Mabal Tabhi (Sarangani and South Cotabato) Tabih, in Blaan, refers to the native tubular skirt, and also to the textile, while mabal means “woven” or “to weave”. The Blaan are also known to be accomplished embroiderers and the tabih is often meticulously embellished with embroidery. The Blaan people depicts crocodiles and curls. Weavers of the art can only be women, as the art is dedicated and taught by Furalo, goddess of weaving. Bagobo inabal utilizes abaca into creating two tube skirts, namely sinukla and bandira.  Bogobo Inabal (Davao del Sur) The Bagobo, a subgroup of the Manobo, are expert in extracting the fibers of the abaca from the leaf sheaths and selecting the very fine ones for weaving their textiles. They use the back-strap loom for weaving inabal abaca fiber textiles with ikat-or tie-dyed resist designs forming mother-and-baby crocodile figures in geometricised abstracted forms. The dyestuffs are all extracted from plants in their surroundings. The finished abaca fibers undergo a polishing process, using a smooth shell. Dagmay (Eastern Mindanao) Hand-woven using a special kind of back-strap loom, made from abaca fibers, and following intricate designs revolving around man and nature, specially the crocodile. Dagmay designs usually tell the story about the weaver and her community, as well as the spirits that live on Earth. The dagmay is usually used for women’s skirt, but it is also used as blankets or wraps for the dead. Mëranaw textile (Lanao Del Norte and Lanao Del sur) Pis syabit weave (Sulu) Tinalak (South Cotabato) Know a wide range of weaving is traditionally worn by men The traditional textile woven by techniques including the weft and warriors. the Tboli women and represents and warp ikat tie-dye resist It is a weaving of Tausug birth, life, union in marriage and and continuous and has no preset pattern death, and shows the discontinuous supplementary sticks or pre-designed uniqueness and identity of the weft design. warp yarns into which the indigenous group. Is used for the creation of the weaver inserts the desert Are often called “dream malong, among many other yarn. weavers” but this applies only to Maranao clothing. Utilizes the free imagination a few dedicated weavers. It is These crafts are imbibed with of the weaver, as having no believed that the designs and okir designs including potiok preset pattern for the weave patterns are bestowed on them (bud), dapal or raon (leaf), pako is the cultural standard for by Fu Dalu, the spirit of abaca, (fern), pako rabong (growing making the high art. through their dreams.  Mat weaving does not utilize a loom or similar Mat Weaving equipment and instead relies on the Crafts folk’s attention in hand weaving. A baníg is a handwoven mat usually used in East Asia and the Philippines for sleeping and sitting. This type of mat is traditionally made in the Philippines.  The great artwork of basketry within the Philippines has developed complex designs and paperwork directed for specific purposes inclusive of harvesting, rice Basketry storage, journey package, sword case, and so on. The art is believed to have arrived inside the archipelago because of human migration, where those on the north had been the primary to analyze the artwork form. Intricate basketry can also be found among the Mamanwa, various Negrito groups, Mangyans, Ivatan, and many others. The Batak of Palawan has applied the craft into high artwork, as properly as maintaining their craft's status as purposeful art.  Materials used in basketry differ per ethnic group. Some important materials include bamboo, rattan, pandan, cotton cloth tassel, nito, beeswax, abaca, buri, bark, and dyes. In the same manner, each ethnic group has their own basketry patterns, which include closed- crossed over under weave, closed bamboo double twill weave, spaced rattan pentagon pattern, and closed tetrahedron buri, among many others Basketry products from the Philippines include the tupil (lunch box), bukug (basket), kabil (carrying basket), uppig (lunch basket), tagga-i (rice basket), bay'ung (basket- pouch), lig-o (winnowing tray), and binga (bag).  are prevalent throughout the Philippines, wherein multiple cultures utilize a variety of Weaving Headgears fibers to connect mediums forming Filipino headgears such as the Ivatan's vakul, the head- cloth of the Manobo, and the snake headpiece of the Bontoc. The weaving traditions pertaining to fish traps and gears in the Philippines are expansive, of which the Ilocano people, possibly, possess the vastest array of fish gears among the archipelago's ethnic groups. Notable weaved fish traps include bubo, barekbek, and pamurakan. Broom Weaving wherein the most stylized in the Philippines is possibly the talagadaw brooms made under the saked process of the Kalinga people. Other Weaving Products Wood Carving  Indigenous woodcarving is one of the most notable traditional arts in the Philippines, with some crafts in various ethnic groups date back prior to Hispanic arrival with perhaps the oldest surviving today are fragments of a wooden boat dating to 320 AD. Bulul are the most numerous and best known of Ifugao figurative sculptures and usually take the form of either a standing or seated figure. They are carved from a single piece of wood and generally exhibit a stylised and geometric rendering of the human body.  The art of Okir on wood is another fine craft attributed to various ethnic groups in Mindanao and the Sulu archipelago. Religious Hispanic woodcarvings abounded in the Philippines with the introduction of Christianity. The techniques utilized infuse both indigenous and Hispanic styles, creating a fusion of Hispanic-Asian wood art. Paete, Laguna is among the most famous woodcarving places in the country, especially on religious Hispanic woodcarving.