Art-App-Module PDF

UNIT I. THE IMPORTANCE, MEANING, AND ASSUMPTIONS OF ART Overview This unit addresses the importance of art in our everyday life as part of a complex society and as an integral mode of expression and communication. Art’s meaning covers its etymological to modern sense, and how it is perceived by ma...

UNIT I. THE IMPORTANCE, MEANING, AND ASSUMPTIONS OF ART Overview This unit addresses the importance of art in our everyday life as part of a complex society and as an integral mode of expression and communication. Art’s meaning covers its etymological to modern sense, and how it is perceived by man variable and relative from a person, time, and location. The assumptions discuss the principles and sources of art appreciation and set the margin and boundary of accountability and duty to achieve what man is capable of doing. Learning Objectives At the end of the unit, I am able to: 1. understand and realize the importance of arts in daily life 2. explain the meaning of arts and the different assumptions on arts 3. differentiate the philosophical perspectives of arts 4. explain the nature and the various functions of arts 5. identify the different classification of arts Setting Up Motive Questions Name:_____________________________________ Score:______________ Course/Year/Section:____________________ Date:_______________ Direction: Answer the following questions concisely. 1. How do you define the ART? In your opinion, is there a universal meaning of this term? Why? _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. What can and cannot be considered art? Justify your answer. _______________________________________________________________________________ 1  _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Lesson Proper THE IMPORTANCE OF ART There is no question of the assumption that arts have never been more important to our society, and that they should be completely incorporated into our lives, our community and the whole of education. Art is important because… it is a component of dynamic civilization it is an essential form of it enhances daily expression and experiences communication it develops the intellect of younger generation to build up positive character and appreciate natural aesthetics MEANING OF ART 2  The word art also rooted in the 13thcentury French word art, which means “skill as a result of learning or practice,” and the Latin word ars, meaning “ability or practical skills”. In Medieval Latin, ars meant “any special form of book learning such as grammar, logic, or astronomy (Collingwood, 1983). Because of the prominence of aesthetics, the study of beauty, in the 17th century, art began to unfold from its previous connotation of craftsmanship (Caslib, Garing, and Casaul 2018). In the 18th century, the divide between fine arts and useful arts came to be known (Collingwood, 1983). Fine arts are those forms that were commonly be found in galleries and museums: painting, sculpture, etc. Crafts are those art forms that had everyday use: pottery, ceramics, copperware, wallpapers, jewelry, etc. You can also describe art in three different ways Art is the skill of man to make things Art is the skill of man Beautiful and stirring; it is as an to make things Imagination and creativity. Beautiful and stirring ability ; it is Imagination and creativity. Art as a as a process product Art involves activities creating Art is the completed work or Pictures and unforgettable works final output Definitions of Arts by Popular Thinkers Plato “Art is that which brings life in harmony with the beauty of the world” John Dewey “ Art is an attitude of spirit, a state of mind- one that demands its own satisfaction and fulfilling, a shaping of matter to new and more significant form” 3  Oscar Wilde “Art is the most intense mode of individualism that the world has known” Elbert Hubbard “Art is not a thing, it is a way” Nietzsche “Art is essentially the affirmation, the blessing, and the deification of existence’. The idea of art as a piece done with extraordinary craftsmanship was challenged by artists in the 20th-Century. Today the definition of art is continually being challenged by artists. Art is continuously expanding as innovation by artist progresses in the 21st century. Four Common Essentials of Art 1. Art has to be man-made 2. Art must be creative, not imitative 3. Art must benefit and satisfy a man 4. Art is expressed through a certain medium Art History It is a discipline of studying arts through the lens of history. It involves dealing with objects and works of art in their historical development and stylistic contexts. In simple terms, the job of art historians is to study visual and tangible objects humans make and map them in history (Pooke & Newall, 2008). In studying art history, historians ask a series of questions. Some of them are: Who made this? What was his intention in making it? Where and when was this made? What was happening around the artist at the time? Who or what is the subject? How is the subject represented? How was this made? What style was used? How did the artist’s audience receive the work? What did it mean for them during that time? The Meaning of Humanities The study of art belongs to the discipline of humanities. Questions puzzling the existence of man have been asked since time immemorial: What am I? Why am I what I am? Why am I in this world? And art, answering these question boils down as records of man’s quest for answers to the fundamental questions he asks about himself and about life (Ortiz, Erestain, Guillermo, Montano & Pillar, 1976). Humanities include literature, music and art. Through humanities, we learn what it is to be human. In the 21st century, there is a focus on the study of science and technology. 4  Arts and humanities seem to belong to the past. The modern definition of Humanities aims to shape our subjective energies (feelings, attitudes, aspirations) in accordance with a particular view of the social world in which we dream, we act and fulfill ourselves (Ortiz et al., 1976). Art Appreciation Art Appreciation is an attitude toward art. It allows us to understand deeply the purpose of an artwork and recognize the beauty it possesses (Collins & Riley, 1931). Art appreciation in the humanities is being able to look at a work of art and form a wise opinion of the work. It is also having the knowledge, background and understanding of the universal and timeless qualities that comprise all works of art. Art appreciation, therefore, deals with the learning or understanding and creating artworks and enjoying them. An artist explores an individual’s humanity: physical, emotional, psychological, sociological and economic state - and create art out of these explorations. Thus, art becomes the expression of the artist’s exploration of one’s humanity. Creativity “Creation“in art refers to the act of combining or reordering already existing materials so that a new object is formed. Thus, creativity in art involves skill and expertness in handling materials and organizing them into new, structurally pleasing, and significant units (Ferrer, et al., 2018). This is an imaginative characteristic developed in the course of one's life to find solutions or express one's feelings. His continuing reactions to the changing natural and social circumstances give birth to new ideas and new methods. Those, in turn, use to resolve difficulties which in turn offer a solution to a dream, create art, or trigger social change, the process of encounter with reality. ASSUMPTIONS OF ART 1. Art is Universal It is not only for concert halls, museums, or galleries; not only for those who can afford to pay; not only for critics and scholars. Art is for everyone. Art is everywhere, wherever people have lived together, art has arisen among them as a language full of emotions and meaning. Art has no boundaries and rises above traditions, races and civilizations. The desire to construct this language seems to be universal, and art as a cultural force can be widespread and strong. It's eternal as it goes beyond the span of our own life. 2. Art is Not Nature Art is man-made; it is the development of a man who uses his analytical ability and artistry to process and plan. Art is synthetic since it is either an imitation or even an infringement of truth and nature. It is the expression of concepts, thoughts and feelings that are expressed in an intellectual and innovative way. 5  3. Art involves Experience Art is a reflection of our experience. It is seeking participation. Every art has something to do with some physical content, a body or something beyond the body; hence, the only way to find justification and affirmation is through immersion in the arts. We can only appreciate art if we spend time looking at it, listening to it, touching it, and feeling its presence. Three major experience of art (for artist): a. Experience that an artist wants to communicate b. Experience in creating the artwork c. Experience after creating the artwork Audience Experience of Art: a. Sensory Response b. Emotional Response c. Intellectual Response 4. Art as Expression Art has grown out of man’s need to express himself. The personal and social values of the artist and his penetrating psychological insights into human reality are also conveyed through art. It uses symbols which organize into some comprehensible equivalent of the experience that an artist is trying to convey. Art is an expression of a general vision of the age in which it was created. An artist becomes a kind of historian, recording in his/her work the attitudes and way of life of his period. 5. Art as a form of Creation As a creativity activity, art involves skill or expertness handling materials and organizing them into new, structurally pleasing and significant units. It is a planned activity that may be produced and executed by an individual or a team. FUNCTIONS OF ART Functional VS Non-Functional Functional Art Non-Functional Art Directly Useful Indirectly Useful Architecture, weaving, furniture-making, Painting, Sculpture, literature, music, industrial design, etc. theater, etc. 6 How does art serve us? 1. Personal Art educates our senses and sharpens our perception of color, forms, textures, designs, sounds, sounds, rhythms, and harmonies in our environment. It offers us fresh insights into nature and human nature so that we Personal expression through mural painting (Adobo gain a better understanding of ourselves Magazine, www.google.com) and the world around us. 2. Social Art seeks to influence the collective behavior of people. It is created to be seen or used primarily in public situations and expresses or describes social or collective aspects of existence or opposed to individual and personal kinds of experiences. Paintings, photographs, and cartoons have been used to express humanitarian concerns as well as ideological and political comment. In spreading doctrine or Float Parade during Panagbenga Festival at Baguio City (Pilipinas Popcorn, www.google.com) teaching ideas, the arts have been used in place or as a complement of the written word. Traditional arts play significant functions in the rituals of communities. Commercial and advertising art aims to affect the buying behavior of people. Art is used to commemorating important personages in society. It is also linked to rituals, public celebrations such as festivals. Artworks are vital historical documents. They describe aspects of existence at certain periods in certain places of certain communities. 3. Physical Tools and containers are objects which function to make our lives physically comfortable. Designing functional objects involves the consideration of how it will be used and its aesthetic look. Physical function encompasses the aesthetic function through which art becomes influential for man to be aware of the beauty of nature. BASIC PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES OF ART 1. Art as Mimesis (Plato) - all artistic creation is a form of imitation: that which really exists (in the “world of ideas”) is a type created by God; the concrete things man perceives in his existence are shadowy representations of this ideal type. 7  2. Art as Representation (Aristotle) - He recognized that literature is a representation of life, yet also believed that representations intervene between the viewer and the real. This creates worlds of illusion leading one away from the "real things". 3. Art for Art’s Sake (Kant) - that art needs no justification, that it need serve no political, didactic, or other ends. Art has its own reason of being. 4. Art as an Escape - the ritual of producing or making art touches the deepest reaches of the mind and the essential dimension of the artistic creative process. The sacred level of art not only transforms everything into art but also transforms the artist at the very center of his or her being. References Collingwood. R. G. (1983). The Principles of Art. Read Books Ltd. Worcestershire Caslib, B. N., Garing. D., Casaul, J. A. (2018). RBS Art Appreciation. Rex Bookstore, Inc. Sampaloc Manila Ortiz, M.A. Erestain T. Guillermo, A. Montano, M. Pillar, S. (1976). Art Perception and Appreciation. Univeristy of the East and JMC Press, Inc. Pooke, G., Newall, D. (2008). Art History: The Basics. Routledge. Oxon. Kleiner, F.S. (2011) Gardiner’s Art Through the Ages: a Global History. 13th Edition. Wardsworth Cengage Learning, Boston Ortiz, M.A. Erestain, T. Guilermo A. Montano, M., Pillar, S. (1976). “The nature of Art”. Art perception and Appreciation. University of the East and JMC Press. Inc. pp. 5-14 Ranisan, W.K., Ferrer, M.C. D., Mangahas, T. L. S., Roldan, C., Antonio, M.T. Art Appreciation: Malabon City. Mutya Publishing House Inc Electronic Sources: https://frontlearners.com/blended/pluginfile.php/10364/mod_resource/content/3/index. html 8 _________________________________________________________________________________ UNIT II. Subject and Content of Art Overview The chapter deals with the subject of art, which is dynamic and powerful as man's way of life, culture and creativity. The subject and the content of art will never come to an end and will never be completely worn out and exhausted. The clarity and simplicity of the subject matter are vital since the content of the artwork is the soul of every artistic creation or masterpiece. The subject presented discloses the passion, sincerity, and conviction of every artist and serves as an extension of his emotions, ideas, or beliefs. Learning Objectives At the end of the unit, I am able to: 1. classify works of arts according to their subject; 2. analyze how artist present their subjects in relation to real subjects; 3. differentiate content from the subject; 4. Characterize sources and kinds of subjects. Setting Up Motive Activity Name:_____________________________________ Score:______________ Course/Year/Section:____________________ Date:_______________ Direction: Complete the sentence below. Choose an artwork that you think best represents yourself. Then answer the following questions concisely. “If I was an artwork, I would be ____________________________________________” 1. Identify the subject of the work 2. How is/are the subject of the artwork represented? 3. 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_________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Lesson Proper SUBJECT OF ART The term subject in art refers to the main idea that is represented in the artwork. The subject in art is basically the essence of the piece. To determine subject matter in a particular piece of art, ask yourself: What is actually depicted in this artwork? What is the artist trying to express to the world... what is his or her message? And how are they conveying that message? ✓ It is the matter to be described or to be portrayed by the artist. ✓ This may refer to any person, object, scene or event. Two Kinds of Arts as to Subject Representational/ Objective Art Non-Representational/Non-Objective Art Depicts objects that are commonly Without any reference or recognizable recognized by most people objects Attempt to copy what is real or portray the Abstract; does not represent real objects subject as it is. Uses “form” and are concerned with Uses “content” and is concerned with “what” is to be depicted “how” the artwork is depicted 11  Representaional Art (Amrican Gothic; Non-Representational Art (John Osgood, Pinterest, www.google.com) www.google.com The Artist and His Choice of Subject 1. Everything under the sun is raws material for the artist to draw his subject. 2. The artist’s choice of subject is usually affected by his medium. 3. The piece of art depends largely upon the time in which he lived. 12 Sources of Subject of Art Subject of Art may be: 1. Landscape, seascapes, cityscapes 2. Still life – inanimate objects arranged in indoor setting. 13 3. Animals 4. Portraits – the realistic likeness of a person. Attire, accessories are very much expressive because they reveal so much of the person and his time. 5. Figures – nude/ clothed Greeks – physical beauty was the symbol of moral and spiritual perfection. 6. Everyday Life – life around the artist, or the actual setting. E.g. children playing, life at the park 7. History and Legends History – consist of verifiable facts Legends – unverifiable but they have been accepted as true 8. Religion and Mythology – use to preach and teach Art – handmaid of religion 9. Dreams and Fantasy – mostly used by surrealist painters Ways of Presenting the Subject 1. Realism This often refers to the artistic movement that began in France in the 1850s. Realism's popularity increased with the advent of the photography-a new visual medium that generated people's desire to develop "objectively real" things. Painting by zuxis, painter of the 5th century (The Collector,www.google.com) This describes what the eyes can see, what the ear can hear and what faculty of sense can re ceive. The painting by Zeuxis, painter of the 5th century, was an example. Grapes was his subject. They appeared so perfect, luscious and appealing when he displayed his painting of grapes that the birds flew down from the sky to peck at them. 2. Abstraction Its etymology derives from the Latin "abstractus" put forward, "or from the Latin past participle" abstrahere: "from ab(s)-" down "+ trahere" take, "meaning" removed or isolated from material objects or practical matters. Through abstract art, the 14  artist presents the subject in no way as an objective fact, but just his idea or his feeling (exaggerated emotionalism) about it. It's all about what the artists are thinking and what mood they may want to reflect. All types of visual art, no real-life pictures, scenery or objects. Birds in Space by Constantin (The Collector,www.google.com) An example is the painting of a "Bird in Space" by Constantin Brancusi In Space. "He 'd been so impressed with the goodness of a Bird in flight, its body sweeping as it soared Over the sea. His sculptural work doesn't seem like it A bird is intended to convey an image of a Grace and pace to the cat. 3. Symbolism A symbol is a clear indication that anything like an idea or a standard is invisible. Symbolism uses symbols to systematically focus or amplify meaning, rendering the artwork more subjective (rather than objective) and traditional. For instance, a flag is a country symbol and it represents the essence of nationalism; a lion representing bravery, and a lamb Gustave Moreau: representing meekness. Jupiter and Semele (1895) 4. Fauvism It is derived from the French "les fauves," which means "the wild beasts." It is the last part of the 19thcentury artistic movement that stressed spontaneity and the use of excessively bright colors. For example, to a fauvist a tree trunk doesn't need to be gray. It may be bright red, purple or any other color. Champs de Ble and Restaurant at Bougival (1905-6) 15  5. Dadaism The word "dada" is a French word which means “hobby- horse”. A hobby-horse is the children's pet toy made of a wooden horse mounted on a stick. We may claim it with this etymology dadaism is a "nonsensical" art movement. Some would say it is not Marcel Duchamp, art since it appears to have absolutely no sense. Fountain, 1917. 6. Futurism Futurism was described as a modernist movement embracing the future age of technology. The automobile, the aircraft, the industrial town reflected the development of urban life and the technological success of A Man beyond Nature. “Dynamism of a Cyclist” by Umberto Boccioni. 1913. 7. Surrealism It is an offshoot or a dada boy. Sometimes known as "super" realism, "which revolves around the process of making things look ordinary exceptional. It focuses on actual objects found in imagination or fantasy, or it Salvador Dalí: The Persistence of Memory has realistic subjects found in the subconsciousness; illustrating the inner mind's dreamlike images. 8. Impressionism It's also often called optical realism because of its interest in the actual visual experience, including things such as the influence of color, light and motion on the nature of the objects portrayed in the works of art. Impressionism centered on explaining the visual stimuli originating from nature, directly. Claude Monet, (Impression, Sunrise), 1872, THE CONTENT OF ART 16  It is the meaning, message and/or feeling imparted by a work of art. It is the mass of ideas associated with each artwork and communicated through the following: a. The Arts’ imagery b. The symbolic meaning c. Its surroundings where it is used or displayed d. The customs, beliefs and values of the culture that uses it e. Writings that help explain the work Three levels of meaning according to Cleaver (1966): 1. A Factual Meaning- literal statement or the narrative content in the work which can be directly understood because the objects presented are easily recognized. 2. Conventional Meaning- special meaning that a certain object or color has for a particular culture or a group of people. 3. Subjective Meaning- any personal meaning consciously or unconsciously conveyed by the artist using private symbolism which stems from his own associations of certain objects, actions, or colors from past experiences. References Ortiz, M.A., Erestain T. Guillermo, A., Montao, M., Pillar, s. (1976). “The Subject of Art”. Art Perception and Appreciation. University of the East and JMC Press, Inc. p. 14-27 Ortiz, M.A., Erestain T. Guillermo, A., Montao, M., Pillar, s. (1976). “The Subject of Art”. Art Perception and Appreciation. University of the East and JMC Press, Inc. p. 40-72 Ranisan, W.K., Ferrer, M.C. D., Mangahas, T. L. S., Roldan, C., Antonio, M.T. Art Appreciation: Malabon City. Mutya Publishing House Inc Electronic Source: https://frontlearners.com/blended/pluginfile.php/10364/mod_resource/content/3/index. html 17 UNIT III. ARTIST AND ARTISANS Overview This unit focuses on the most important element and creator in any work of art, which is the artist or the artisan. The artists’ or artisans’ medium, technique, and process in their arts stem from their urge to create, which is universal and widespread. Artists and artisans are driven by their sense of wonder and curiosity. The stages in the creative process would reflect the notable works from the different artists and artisans who were given the highest recognition from our country. Learning Objectives At the end of this unit, I am able to: 1. define an artist’s and artisan’s medium and technique; 2. differentiate between artist and artisan’s approach/technique toward a particular medium; 3. identify ONA and GAMABA artists’ notable works and their contribution to society; and 4. explain the three stages of the creative process Setting Up Motive Questions Name:_____________________________________ Score:______________ Course/Year/Section:____________________ Date:_______________ Directions: Answer the following questions regarding your own knowledge and experiences. Write your answer in the space provided. 1. If you will create an artwork, what material would you like to use and why? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. How can you apply the following materials in your artwork? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 18  3. According to your will, how can you value your artworks? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Lesson Proper ARTIST AND ARTISANS Ortiz et al., (1976) artists and artisans as: Artists The word “artist” is generally defined as an art practitioner, such as a painter, sculptor, choreographer, dancer, writer, poet, musicians, and the like, who produces or creates indirectly functional arts with aesthetic value using imagination. Artists are creative individuals who use their imagination and skills to communicate in an art form. Artists look to many sources for inspiration Artisans An artisan is a craftsman, such as carpenter, carver, plumber, blacksmith, weaver, embroiderer, and the like, who produce directly functional and/or decorative arts. The artisan’s works are useful, relevant, and essential in our everyday life. They serve us for a long time, supplying us with directly functional arts. THREE STAGES OF CREATIVE PROCESS 1. Germination It is the initial moment when you conceive the next project in your life. It is the moment with a lot of energy coming out of the future you envision. In the germination stage, you are planting the seeds of your creation. The most important and difficult thing in this stage is choosing. It may be a painful process, but it is necessary in any case. It is also important to choose what you want to do instead of avoiding what you do not want to do. You will have to take in your own power and not to give it circumstances 2. Assimilation 19  It is a crucial step in the creative process. During this phase you will internalize and assimilate or incorporate the idea you want to create. Plan, analyze it, and cultivate it with all available resources. The assimilation stage of the creative process follows an organic path, with its own rhythms and needs. Sometimes it will look like everything is working in order and in harmony. But you need to be critical in this process and do not adapt it to your convenience. Otherwise, you will be unsuccessful and put the whole project in danger. 3. Completion It is a difficult time because your energy will be small and likely dispersed with a new vision. Put a deadline to your projects and do not get entangled in small and never-ending details. THE PRODUCTION PROCESS The Production Process consists of three parts: 1. Preproduction Pertains to the ideation process of the artist May take time or be quick as lightning Sometimes seep into production stage May not necessarily be fully formulated and maybe explored while doing the artwork May overlap the production in terms of gathering and sourcing of materials 2. Production Execution of the artwork May vary depending on the medium and technique of the artist May overlap of preproduction in terms of gathering and sourcing of materials 3. Postproduction Includes allowing the artwork to set, tweaking the artwork, preparing the artwork for transport and display, and promotion and inclusion of the artwork in publications and discussions Consideration of how the finished artwork will be circulated and accepted by the target audience 20 THE ART WORLD Individuals and Groups that are part of the Art World: 1. Artists and Artist Group Producers of artwork Artist groups are social fellowships that enable collaborations and exchange of knowledge, skill and technique 2. Art Academy The academe is the formal institution for instruction about art practice and production The first academy of the arts in the Philippines was the Academia Dibujo y Pintura, established by Damian Domingo. 3. Art Writer (Art Historians, Art Critic) Art historians and art critics write about art The main aim of the art historians is to contextualize artworks in their place and time in history Art critics write about art to help the public understand and appreciate art 4. Art Collectors Art collectors are the patron of art They buy finished artworks or commission artist to create specific artworks for their desired purposes 5. Art Institutions Focus on the development and/or preservation of art. They may be private organizations or government-mandated organizations They can be housed in the academe or in art museums or galleries 6. Art Museums and Galleries Common platform for the exhibition of arts They house important artwork and artifacts 7. Art Curators Responsible for organizing exhibitions in galleries or museums They are responsible for researching and developing themes for exhibitions They are responsible for coordinating with artist 21  8. Public The public is the general audience of the art world Today, the art scene id continuously opening itself to the public from small shows to the independent group to grand exhibitions by big names in the industry MEDIUM AND TECHNIQUE OF THE ARTS Medium Refers to the material or means which the artist uses to objectify one’s feelings or thoughts. The nature of the medium determines the way it can be manipulated and turned into a work of art. Each medium has inherent limitations as well as potential The nature of the medium determines what can be express through it Each medium has its own range of character which determines the particular appearance of the finished product Technique Refers to an artist’s knowledge of his medium and his skill in making it achieve what he wants it too Artist differ in technique even though they may be using the same medium CATEGORIES BASED ON MEDIUM (Ortiz et al., 1976) 1. VISUAL ART/SPACE ART Medium which can be seen and occupy space 1.1 TWO DIMENSIONAL a. PAINTING – a process of applying pigment on a smooth surface (paper, cloth, canvas, wood or plaster) to secure an interesting arrangement of forms lines and color. PAINTING MEDIUMS 22  1. ENCAUSTIC-one of the early mediums is the application of a mixture of the half beeswax, resin and ground pigment to any porous surface. It is followed by the application of heat to set the colors and bind them to the surface. Egyptians, Greeks and Romans used encaustic to paint portraits in a coffin. Encaustic Painting, credits to Wikipedia.com 2. TEMPERA PAINTS-are earth or mineral pigments mix with egg yolk and egg white. It is most often used in the past in painting vellum in the production of books. Now, tempera is normally applied in wooden panels carefully covered with gesso, a combination of gypsum or chalk and gelatin glue. 23 Name:_____________________________________ Score:______________ Course/Year/Section:____________________ Date:_______________ Tempera Paint Canvass, credits to fineartamerica.com 3. FRESCO PAINTING-is the application of earth pigments mixed with water on a plaster wall while the plaster is damp. Color sinks into the surface and becomes an integral part of the wall permanently. The Last Judgement by Michael Angelo, credits to artyfactory.com 4. WATERCOLOR-tempered paint made with pure ground pigment bound with gum arabic. Painters apply watercolor in thin, almost transparent film. The surface of paper then shows through, giving a delicate, luminous texture to the painting. Seashore Sunset, credits to pinterest.com 24 Name:_____________________________________ Score:______________ Course/Year/Section:____________________ Date:_______________ 5. OIL PAINTING-pigment ground on linseed oil is applied to primed canvas. Oil is a very flexible medium and can be applied using a brush, airbrush, palette knife, or even with bare hands. Ballet, credits to afremov.com 6. SYNTHETIC PAINTS-using acrylic polymer emulsions as binders are the newest and the ones that are widely used by today’s painters. Acrylic combines transparency and quick-drying characteristics of watercolor and the flexibility of oil. Synthetic Cubism, credits to fineartamerica.com b. MOSAIC-wall or floor decorations made of small cubes of irregularly cut pieces of colored stone or glass called tesserae. These are fitted together to form a pattern and glued on a surface with plaster or cement. Mosaic art by Brenda Pokorny, credsites.google.com its to c. STAINED GLASS- developed as a major art when it appeared as an important part of the Gothic cathedral. It is translucent glass colored by mixing metallic oxides into the molten glass or by fixing them into the surface of a Medieval Stained glass, credits to Wikipedia.com clear glass. 25 Name:_____________________________________ Score:______________ Course/Year/Section:____________________ Date:_______________ d. TAPESTRY-these are fabrics into which colored designs have been woven. Walls of palaces, castles and chapels in Europe were decorated in the middle ages with tapestries. Vandage Tapestry, credits to thetaoestryhouse.com e. DRAWING-is the most fundamental of all skills needed in visual art. A drawing may be a study, sketch, cartoon, or finished work in itself. Drawing can be done using graphite (pencil), pen and ink, pastel, chalk, charcoal, crayons, or silverpoint. f. PRINTMAKING-is a graphic image that results from a duplicating process. Each print is an original work, not a reproduction. PRINT MAKING MEDIUMS 1. RELIEF PRINTING-involves cutting away a block of wood or linoleum the portions of the design that the artist does not wish to show, leaving to the design stand out on the block. The uncut, smooth surface is then covered with ink, which under pressure, leaves an impression on paper. 2. INTAGLIO PRINTING-design is etched into a metal plate. The incised or the depressed area is filled with ink, which under considerable pressure, leaves a sharp impression on damp paper. 3. PLANOGRAPHIC PROCESS-is one form of printing in which surfaces have been treated chemically or mechanically so that some areas will print and the others will not. The design is drawn with a greasy crayon or pencil on a slab of special limestone or zinc plate. The drawing is fixed with an acid solution, then a greasy ink is spread over a roller. Paint can be made by pressing a piece of paper on a plate. 4. STENCIL PRINTING-is done by cutting the design out of a special paper, cardboard or metal sheet in such a way that when ink is rubbed over it, the design is reproduced on the surface beneath. 26 Name:_____________________________________ Score:______________ Course/Year/Section:____________________ Date:_______________ g. PHOTOGRAPHY-literally drawing with light. It shows the actual likeness of the object photographed. Photography makes uses of technology: camera, films, chemical, or computer program. The Rule of Thirds The rule of thirds is one of the useful composition techniques in photography. This is known as the basic knowledge that most photographers use when they are placing items within a frame for their masterpiece. This technique suggests that you should imagine a tic – tac – toe or a pick – pack – boom board on a frame of the picture. This involves dividing up the image using two horizontal lines and two vertical lines. Then you position the important elements in your scene at the points where they meet along those lines. 1.2 Three Dimensional a. Sculpture - are three-dimensional forms constructed to represent the natural or imaginary shape b. Architecture - the art of designing and constructing a building that serves specific functions from providing shelter to meeting the technological demands of modern cities. c. Interior Design - is concerned with the selection of space and furnishings to transform an empty shell of a building into a livable area. Interior designers work with furniture, appliances, fixtures, draperies, and rugs with an eye for texture and color. d. Landscaping - the artificial arrangement of land areas to achieve a purely aesthetic effect. The landscape artist makes use of the terrain as his basic medium, along with sand, rocks, water, and growing plants found on it. 2. Auditory/Time Arts Medium which can be heard and which are expressed in time. 2.1 Music The primary material of music is sound Musical sound (tones)are produced in a man-made instruments and the human voice. 27 Name:_____________________________________ Score:______________ Course/Year/Section:____________________ Date:_______________ Musical instrument has three things in common: a. A part which vibrates b. A part that amplifies sound c. A system for producing and regulating fixed pitches Musical instruments are grouped according to their vibrators (how these are made to vibrate) and resonators (whatever amplifies the vibration): a. Stringed Instruments b. Wind Instruments c. Percussion Choir d. Keyboard Instrument 2.2 Literature The medium of literature is language Writers uses words to build his compositions Literature is exclusive to works that exploit the suggestive power of language 3. Combined Arts Medium which can be both be seen and heard, and which exist in both space and time. 3.1 Dance Movements may involve part or the whole of his/her body with or without the accompaniment of music. A dancer uses his/her body to communicate an idea or feeling to his audience 3.2 Theatre (Drama and Opera) Combination of literature, acting costume design, stage design and music. 28 Name:_____________________________________ Score:______________ Course/Year/Section:____________________ Date:_______________ 3.3 Cinema Extension of photography It makes use several shots, each shot made up to a series of pictorial units taken from one point of view To this series, the sound is added It may present a fictional story, a dramatic feature, or a documentary Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan Award (GAMABA) (NCCA,2015) Also called the National Living Treasure Award It was institutionalized in April 1992 through Republic Act No. 7355 GAMABA has its roots in the 1988 National Folk Artist Award organized by the Rotary Club of Makati-Ayala Folk and traditional arts reflect the diverse heritage and cultural traditions that transcend their beginnings to become part of our national character. GAMABA artists bring age-old customs, crafts and ways of living to the attention and appreciation of Filipino life The aims of GAMABA are: 1. To recognize the finest traditional artist of the Philippines 2. To adopt a program that will ensure the transfer of their skills 3. To undertake measures to promote genuine appreciation of and instill pride among our people about the genius of the manlilikha ng bayan Who can be awarded the GAMABA? (NCCA,2015) Under RA 7355, Manlilikha ng Bayan means: 1. A citizen engaged in any traditional art uniquely Filipino 2. With distinctive skills that have reached a high level of technical and artistic excellence 3. Have passed on to and allowed a wide practice of art by the present generation in his/her community with the same degree of technical and artistic competence ORDER OF NATIONAL ARTIST (ONA) (NCCA,2015) (Orden ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining) This is the highest national recognition given to Filipino individuals who made a significant contribution to the development of the arts. 29 Name:_____________________________________ Score:______________ Course/Year/Section:____________________ Date:_______________ The Order of National Artist aims to recognize: 1. Filipino artist makes significant contributions to the cultural heritage of the country. 2. Filipino artistic accomplishment at its highest level and promote creative expression as significant to the development of national cultural identity. 3. Filipino artists who have dedicated their lives to their works to forge new paths and directions for future generations of Filipino artist’s. FIELDS OF ARTS WHERE ARTIST ARE RECOGNIZED: 1. National Artist for Architecture(NCCA,2017) a. Pablo S. Antonio b. Leadro V. Locsin c. Juan F. Nakpil d. Ildefonso P. Santos e. Jose Maria V. Zaragoza f. Francisco T. Mañosa 2. National Artist for Film(NCCA,2017) a. Lamberto V. Avellana b. Lino Brocka c. Ishmael Bernal d. Manuel Conde e. Gerardo De Leon f. Roland Alan K. Poe g. Eddie S. Romero h. Kidlat Tahimik 3. National Artist for Visual Arts(NCCA,2017) a. Fernando Amorsolo b. Hernando Ocampo c. Bendicto Cabrera d. Carlos Botong Francisco e. Cesar Legaspi f. Abdulmari Asia Imao g. Guillermo E. Tolentino h. Arturo Luz i. Federico Aguilar j. Napoleon Abueva k. J. Elizalde Navarro l. Francisco Coching m. Victorio Edades 30 Name:_____________________________________ Score:______________ Course/Year/Section:____________________ Date:_______________ n. Ang Kiukok o. Joe T. Joya p. Vicente Manansala q. Larry Alcala 4. National Artist for Literature(NCCA,2017) a. Francisco Arcellana b. Edith L. Tiempo c. Bienvenido Lumbera d. N.V.M. Gonzales e. Virgilio S. Almario f. Cirilo F. Bautista g. Nick Joaquin h. Amado V. Hernandez i. Lazaro Francisco j. F. Sionil Jose k. Carlos P. Romulo l. Jose Garcia Villa m. Alejandro Roces n. Rolando S. Tinio o. Levi Celerio p. Resil B. Mojares q. Ramon L. Muzones 5. National Artist for Fashion Design(NCCA,2017) a. Ramon Valera 6. National Artist for Theater Design(NCCA,2017) a. Salvador F. Bernal 7. National Artist for Dance (NCCA,2017) a. Francisca Reyes Aquino b. Ramon Obusan c. Alice Reyes d. Leonor Orosa Goquingco e. Lucrecia Reyes-Urtula 8. National Artist for Historical Literature(NCCA,2017) a. Carlos Quirino 9. National Artist for Music (NCCA,2017) a. Antonio Buenaventura 31 Name:_____________________________________ Score:______________ Course/Year/Section:____________________ Date:_______________ b. Jose Maceda c. Lucrecia R. Kisalag d. Ernani J. Cuenco e. Lucio San Pedro f. Antonio J. Molina g. Francisco Feliciano h. Levi Celerio i. Ramon P. Santos j. Jovita Fuentes k. Felipe Padilla De Leon l. Andrea Veneracion m. Honorato “Atang” Dela Rama n. Ryan Cayabyab ART CURATION Art Curators Responsible for organizing art exhibitions in galleries or museums They are responsible for researching and developing themes in the exhibition They are responsible for coordinating with artist To be able to curate an exhibition based on an artist, a curator must learn by an artist (Cajipe- Endaya,2002): 1. Name 2. Educational background relevant history 3. Artwork 4. Exhibition/Performances 5. Award and Distinctions 6. Collections 7. Portfolio 32 Name:_____________________________________ Score:______________ Course/Year/Section:____________________ Date:_______________ References FrontLearner Panisan, W. K., Ferrer, M. C. D., Mangahas, T. L. S., Ta-a, R. C., Antonino, M. T. M. (2018). Art Appreciation. Mutya Publishing House, Inc. Ibarra, F. P. (2015). Manual in Fundamentals of Music. Central Luzon State University Center for Educational Resources Development and Services (CERDS) UNIT IV. ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF ART Overview This unit tackles how every artist may make use of various visual qualities in creating a work of art. These visual qualities are elements. Together with principles of design, they will both be utilized to prepare and examine artworks for better outputs, understanding and appreciation of the art forms. Music as an art form which is one of the most pervasive and potent arts classified under auditory art is also discussed. Learning Objectives At the end of this unit, I am able to: 1. analyze the various elements present in visual and auditory arts; 2. identify the principles of design; 3. identify and differentiate the various planes in art; and 4. identify the various elements in music. 33 Name:_____________________________________ Score:______________ Course/Year/Section:____________________ Date:_______________ Setting Up Motive Activity Name:_____________________________________ Score:______________ Course/Year/Section:____________________ Date:_______________ Direction: Describe the photo below according to your own interpretation. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Lesson Proper Elements of Art The elements of art are the “building blocks” of art They are joined together in a variety of ways to formulate art Different forms of art have different elements ELEMENTS OF VISUAL ART 34 Name:_____________________________________ Score:______________ Course/Year/Section:____________________ Date:_______________ 1. Line- the most fundamental of elements of design. It is the starting place for most artistic creation whether one is starting a fine drawing or painting or even sketching ideas for a sculpture. The most design begins in line. Different Lines a. Horizontal Lines- straight line differs in the directions they take. Horizontal in artwork usually indicate calmness and rest. b. Vertical Lines-they does not lean at all. Verticals show strength, balance, and stability. c. Diagonal Lines- diagonals indicate movement or action as may be seen in the posture of a runner or horse in full run. On the adverse side, diagonals may indicate stress, frustration, or defeat. d. Zigzag Lines- the diagonals from angles and change direction suddenly. Zigzag indicates chaos, conflict, and confusion. e. Curved Lines- they are curvilinear, they are organic and natural and adjust direction regularly. f. Actual Lines- the artist intentionally shows the line in an artwork 35 Name:_____________________________________ Score:______________ Course/Year/Section:____________________ Date:_______________ g. IMPLIED LINES- are used by the artist to make a viewer feel their involvement in interpreting the composition by seeing and connecting lines where none actually exists. 2. Shapes- the interesting element of the visual arts. Shapes result from the coming together of lines enclosing an area and separating it from its surroundings (Fichner,2013) Kinds of Shape a. Geometric Shapes-are regular and precise and present an industrial feel to the viewer. b. Organic Shape-have a natural appearance and are usually curvilinear and irregular. c. Biomorphic Shape-manifest some qualities of biological organisms. d. Amorphous Shape-exist without any basis from either nature or geometry. Geometric Organic Biomorphic Amorphous 3. Form- used in artwork that has three dimensions instead of two as shape. 4. Space- An element of the visual art have fascinated both the artists and the viewers. Artist’s fascination is based on discovering any other ways to manipulate 36 Name:_____________________________________ Score:______________ Course/Year/Section:____________________ Date:_______________ the picture plane create the illusion “endless” space. Viewers, stare in awe at what was achieved by the artists. The Illusion of Space 5. OVERLAPPING-the objects that are near will be seen as complete or whole while the objects that are far would be partly covered by objects in front of them. Drawing Overlapping Objects, credits to samanthasbell.com 6. RELATIVE SIZE AND LINEAR PERSPECTIVE-the farther the object is from the viewer, the smaller is the size of the object. One Point Perspective, credi ts to quizlet.com 7. ATMOSPHERIC PERSPECTIVE-this is also known as aerial perspective. The illusion of depth is created by techniques known as gradient (a gradual change). Atmospheric perspective, credits to vitruvianstudio.com 8. COLOR - is the most expressive element of art. It shares powerful connections with emotion. Color has been observed that colors appeal to our emotions and interact with the psychology of the visual system to amaze us into the matter in which is perceived. Physical properties of Color a. Hue-it is the name for which color is known. The hue is determined by the wavelength of light physically given by the color. b. Value-it refers to the lightness and darkness of color. 37 Name:_____________________________________ Score:______________ Course/Year/Section:____________________ Date:_______________ c. Intensity or Saturation-it refers to how pure the color is. Pure hues pertain to the absence of white, black and gray. Additive and Subtractive Colors Two color systems exist. Colors of light which were discovered by Newton and Colors of pigments have different characteristics. They are either additive or subtractive. Colors of light are additive and Colors of pigments (paints) are subtractive. Combining these colors result in black, for each color in this mixture cancels out each other brightness. The Color Wheel Isaac Newton was the first to conceptualize the color wheel The color wheel can be described as a circle divided equally into twelve parts representing the twelve colors and how they relate to one another. Type of Colors Primary colors Secondary colors Intermediate colors Tertiary colors Neutrals Warm and Cool colors Colors and Emotion It has been discovered that colors appeal to the emotion and enhance the mood. 38 Name:_____________________________________ Score:______________ Course/Year/Section:____________________ Date:_______________ The physiology of the brain reacts to the presence of colors transmitted to it by the visual system. Warm, bright colors make us happy and excite us while cool colors relax us and encourage us to take it slow. Reds, pinks, and yellows stimulate us, making us feel warm and passionate; greens and blues on the other hand, suggest calmness and peace. Though the effect of color may be universal, the meaning attached to it is culture specific. 9. Texture- defined as how the surface of the material feels and looks like. Types of Texture a. Actual Texture-refers to the real feel and look of the surface of the object. b. Simulated Texture-refers to a surface character that looks real but is not. c. Abstract Texture-the artist would focus on one aspect of the real texture and emphasized it, thus, modifying the texture of the whole composition. d. Invented Texture-product of artist imagination. This presentation is usually seen in the abstract. Actual Simulated Abstract Invented 39 Name:_____________________________________ Score:______________ Course/Year/Section:____________________ Date:_______________ ELEMENTS OF MUSIC (Dr. Florante P. Ibarra,2015) Sound Components 1. Pitch-a musical procedure that determines the highness or lowness of a specific musical sound 2. Intensity-process of distinguishing volume of specific sound vibration 3. Duration-covers the span between the first and the end or cut off of a specific perceptible sound 4. Timber-process of distinguishing the quality of sound of an instrument or human voice. The Primary and Secondary Elements of Sound Components The Primary Elements of Music 1. Rhythm-the organization of all elements of time included in the music 2. Melody-the organization of the individual tones in successive pitches in horizontal motion that is organized in time 3. Harmony-the process of simultaneous pitches and the vertical relationship among tones The Secondary Elements of Music 1. Texture-refers to the horizontal and vertical relationship among tones 2. Dynamics-the intensity of sound or volume of a musical phrase 3. Form-the principle of musical organization that determines its over-all structure 40 Name:_____________________________________ Score:______________ Course/Year/Section:____________________ Date:_______________ 4. Tone Color-the quality of sound of a particular instrument or voice ELEMENTS OF FICTION 1. Character-a figure in a literary work (personality, gender, age, etc.). E.M. Forester makes a distinction between flat and round characters: a. Flat Characters-types or caricatures defined by a single idea of the quality b. ROUND CHARACTERS-have the three-dimensional complexity of real people 2. Setting-combination of place, historical time, and social milieu that provides the general background for the characters and plot of a literary work. The general setting of a work may differ from the specific setting of an individual scene or event. 3. Theme-the central and dominating idea (or ideas) in a literary work. 4. Plot- the major events that move the action in a narrative. It is the sequence of major events in the story, usually in a cause-effect relation. 5. Style-the authors type of distinction (choice of words), syntax (arrangement of words), and other linguistic features of a work 6. Point Of View- the vantage point from which the narrative is told. ELEMENTS OF POETRY 1. Connotation- refers to an implied meaning that’s associated with a word in addition to its literal meaning. 2. Figurative Language- are words and expressions used in poems and text to convey various meanings and interpretations from the literal meaning. 3. Imagery- the name given to the elements in a poem that sparks of the senses. 4. Sound and Rhythm- is the beat and stressed syllables in a poem. Poets have a variety of possibilities for building that rhythm and ending lines. ELEMENTS OF DRAMA 41 Name:_____________________________________ Score:______________ Course/Year/Section:____________________ Date:_______________ 1. Character-is a person, animal, being, creature, or a thing in a story. Writers use characters to perform the actions and speak dialogue, moving the story along a plotline. 2. Conflict-literary element that involves a struggle between two opposing forces, usually a protagonist and an antagonist. 3. Dramatic Irony-the words or act of a character may carry a meaning unperceived by the character but understood by the audience. 4. Idea-a plan, suggestion or possible course of action. 5. Discovery-something that is suddenly revealed about a character or situation in a play. 6. Reversal-turning point in a drama after which the plot moves steadily to its denouement. ELEMENTS OF DANCE 1. Action- any human movement included in the act of dancing. 2. Music-used in reference to dancing, rhythms, such as tempo, dynamics, and beat, are derived from music, as most dance is either set to music or accompanied by it. PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN The elements of design are the multiple ways the elements of art can be used to create an artwork 1. BALANCE Way of combining elements to add a feeling of equilibrium or stability to a work of art. It can be symmetrical, asymmetrical, or radial a. SYMMETRICAL-known as formal balance, the similarity is so precise that each half is seen one and the same. 42 Name:_____________________________________ Score:______________ Course/Year/Section:____________________ Date:_______________ b. ASYMETRICAL- known as informal balance, where elements on either side of a composition do not reflect one another Symmetry, credits to Wikipedia.com c. RADIAL - all elements radiate out from a center point in a circular fashion to all four quadrants of the shape’s constraining plane pinterest.com Drawing in radial symmetry, credits to 2. EMPHASIS/CONTRAST Way of combining elements to stress differences between those elements. Contrasting elements are often used to direct and focus the viewer’s attention on the most important parts of a design. Emphasis in composition, credits to thoughco.com 3. HARMONY A way of combining similar elements in artwork to accent their similarities It is accomplished through the use of repetitions and subtle, gradual changes 4. Variety Involved ways to create intricate and complicated relationships. It is achieved through diversity and change 5. Gradation Using a series of gradual changes in those elements 43 Name:_____________________________________ Score:______________ Course/Year/Section:____________________ Date:_______________ Examples of gradation include a gradual change from small shapes to large shapes, or from dark hue to a light hue 6. Movement Used to create the look and feel of actions and to guide the viewer’s eye throughout the work of art. Also used to direct the viewer’s attention to a center of interest, or make certain that the main parts of the work are noted. 7. Rhythm Created by the careful placement of repeated elements in a work of art to cause a visual tempo or beat 8. Proportion Concerned with the relationship with the certain elements to the whole and to each other. Proportion is often closely connected with emphasis. References FrontLearner Panisan, W. K., Ferrer, M. C. D., Mangahas, T. L. S., Ta-a, R. C., Antonino, M. T. M. (2018). Art Appreciation. Mutya Publishing House, Inc. Ibarra, F. P. (2015). Manual in Fundamentals of Music. Central Luzon State University Center for Educational Resources Development and Services (CERDS) UNIT V. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ART Overview 44 Name:_____________________________________ Score:______________ Course/Year/Section:____________________ Date:_______________ In this chapter, we will discuss the historical development of Art from Pre – Colonial Period up to Modern Ages. In this chapter we will see and understand how art evolves from different generations and times. Learning Objectives At the end of the chapter, I am able to 1. Classify various movements by citing their important characteristics such as historical background, factors, influential person, socio – political issues and prevalent artists, art forms and art media. 2. Identify the underlying history, philosophy of the era or movements. 3. cite important characteristics in an artwork based on the era movement ( document and annotate works) 4. Develop students’ ability in manipulating the elements of art. Setting Up Motive Activity Name:_____________________________________ Score:______________ Course/Year/Section:____________________ Date:_______________ Interpret the image below. Write your own understanding of the image and state what elements of art used in the artwork. 45 Name:_____________________________________ Score:______________ Course/Year/Section:____________________ Date:_______________ Lesson Proper Visual Arts Pre – Historic Period (40000 BC to 4,000 BC) The start of art history started during the Prehistoric Era, right before records were kept by people. The first art came from the Paleolithic Era, or during the Old Stone Age. The known form of arts during that era are rock carvings, pictorial imagery, engravings, stone arrangements and sculptures. The medium that they used in this period are pigments that come from nature and stone carvings to came mostly representations of animals, objects and rituals that is seen during the civilization’s existence. One of the most famous Paleolithic cave paintings were found in the caves of Lascaux, France. Most of the cave paintings seen in the caves of Lascaux depicted large animals and vegetation. Ancient Period Ancient art was produced by the civilized men who are considered more advanced than the people during the prehistoric period. During this period, people already established their written language. The known civilizations during these times are Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Grecian and some of those Americans. The medium that they used for their artwork varied from one civilization to another. But most likely, the art that they create served purposes. Some tell their stories, some are decorated utilitarian objects like weapons and bowls, and some are symbolic imagery that sometimes shows their social status. During this period, many of their works depict the stories of their rulers, gods and Hammurabi’s Law Code. J.B Wiener. Ancient.edu goddesses. Mesopotamian civilization was the one known to be the most famous creator during the Ancient Period. The artwork Code of Hammurabi, which was created around 46 Name:_____________________________________ Score:______________ Course/Year/Section:____________________ Date:_______________ 1792 B.C, contains the piece bears of the Babylonian set of laws. It was carved in stone, and adorned by the image of King Hammurabi. King Hammurabi is the sixth king of Babylonia. Medieval Period Middle Ages, or also referred to as the “Dark Ages”, is the start of the cultural and economic deterioration. This follows the fall of the Roman Empire. The artworks created during this time mostly reflect darkness, and most distinguished by grotesque imagery and harsh scenery. The focus of the artworks are centered on the Church. More sophisticated and decorated churches emerged during the first millennium. Windows and Silhouettes were adorned because they show scenes from mythology and biblical subjects. Illuminated manuscripts and Gothic Architecture also emerged during this period. The influential art from the medieval period is the catacombs in Rome and the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul. The best known illuminated manuscript during this period is the Hagia Sophia, Istanbul F.Wizorek. Lindisfarne Gospels while the most prominent gothic architecture during the Renaissance Period time the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. 47 Name:_____________________________________ Score:______________ Course/Year/Section:____________________ Date:_______________ Renaissance art was represented by the focus on individualism and nature that can be seen through their style in painting, decorative arts and sculpture. The idea of individualism or the thought of man as independent and self - reliant started during the late medieval period but they flourished during the 15th and 16th centuries, parallel to the economic and social changes because of secularization. The height of the Renaissance period reached Florence, Italy when the Medici family, a well - known wealthy merchant supported arts and humanism. Humanism is a belief and philosophy that is focus on the emphasis of the human realm. The key person Lamentati on, fresco by Giotto, c. 1305–06; in the during this time is the Italian designer Filippo Arena Chapel, Padua, Italy. Brunelleschi and Donatello who is a sculptor. High Renaissance produced influential artists such as Leonardo Da Vinci, Raphael, and Michelangelo. Each of them brought the idea of emotional expression through artworks. Most of the artworks during the Renaissance period were characterized by realism; it is focused on details and the study of human anatomy. The linear perspective and they created depth by the use of intense lighting and shading. Mannerism The clash between the humanism and Christian faith gave way to what we call Mannerism. Artists during this period emerged from the ideas of Raphael and Michelangelo. Their technique and style outweighed the meaning of a subject matter. Most of the figures had graceful, small limbs, elongated limbs, stylized features and exaggerated details. This gives way to more stylized and complex compositions rather than to depend on the classical ideals of united composition and linear perspective used by Renaissance predecessors. Souls Sent to Hell, Pulled down The most famous Mannerist includes Giorgio Vasari, Domenica by Demons (1535-41). Detail from The Last Judgment Fresco mural, Beccafumi, and Francesco Salviati. One of the great Mannerist Sistine Chapel. By Michelangelo painter in Florence during his time is Bronzino. 48 Name:_____________________________________ Score:______________ Course/Year/Section:____________________ Date:_______________ Baroque Period The yielded ornate, extreme visual arts and architecture are known as the Baroque Period. This period is distinguished by richness and grandeur, punctuated by an interest in widening the human intellect and discovery. Artists during this period were known to be stylistically complex. Paintings during this period portrayed by drama. Most of the painters used intense contrast between the dark and Samson and Delilah (1609-1610) by light and had extreme compositions paired by rich color Peter Paul Rubens palettes. The known artists during this time were Caravaggio and Rembrandt. Rococo period Paris is the origin of the Rococo Period. This period encompasses decorative art, architecture, painting and sculpture. The aesthetic brings a softer style of decorative art compared to Baroque vivacity. This period is characterized by elegance and lightness, focuses on the use of asymmetrical designs, natural forms and subtle colors. The style is easily translated to porcelain, silver and French furniture. Armoires and Antoine Watteau, ‘The Embarkation for chairs that show curving forms, floral Cythera’ (1717) design and expressive use of gilt. The artworks of Antoine Watteau and Francois Boucher used lighthearted treatments, fresh colors and brushwork. 49 Name:_____________________________________ Score:______________ Course/Year/Section:____________________ Date:_______________ Neoclassicism The neoclassical period came from the elements of the classical age. The artworks that were discovered from the civilization of Athens and Naples reignited the passion for the things in the past, and artists strove to recreate the works of ancient art. Neoclassicism renewed the interest of artists in classical ideals of harmony, proportion and simplicity. The focuses of the artists were on Idealism. They included modern and historically relevant depictions in their artworks. An example of this is the Italian sculptor Antonio Canova. His works Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss by Antonio is based on the classical elements that are shown in Canova; 1787; Louvre his marble sculptures. Romanticism This