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# Lesson 1: Matter and Energy ## Matter and Energy - Responsible for all the transformation that undergoes * Example: Solid water (ice) changes to liquid water through heat energy. ## Matter - Anything that has mass and volume. - Mass: amount of substance - Volume: amount of space occupied ## Phy...

# Lesson 1: Matter and Energy ## Matter and Energy - Responsible for all the transformation that undergoes * Example: Solid water (ice) changes to liquid water through heat energy. ## Matter - Anything that has mass and volume. - Mass: amount of substance - Volume: amount of space occupied ## Physical & Chemical Change ### Physical change - The substance is changed in appearance, state or properties, but not in composition. * Examples: - Cutting papers - Melting ice ### Chemical Change - The substance is changed in appearance & composition, resulting to create one or more new substances. * Examples: - Burning papers - Rusting of metals ## Particle Arrangement | State of Matter | Shape | Volume | Heat Expansion | Density | |---|---|---|---|---| | Solid | Definite | Definite | Slight Expansion | High Density | | Liquid | Indefinite | Definite | Slight Expansion | Medium Density | | Gas | Indefinite | Indefinite | High Expansion | Low Density | **Question**: Can matter change its phase from one phase to another? **YES** ## Phase Change - A change from one state of matter to another. - Phase changes are *physical* changes because they do not affect the chemical makeup of a substance. ## Origin of matter ### Organic Matter - Living things - Contains C-H bond ### Inorganic Matter - Non-living things - Carbon dioxide is an inorganic matter ## Fundamental states of matter **Main states/phase of matter are solid, liquid, gas.** ### Solid - Particles are tightly packed together. - Very compressed - Fixed position - Cannot move/slide past each other ### Liquid - Particles are in close contact to each other. - Not rigidly/orderly - Can slide past each other to move freely. ### Gas - Particles are well separated with no regular arrangement. - Can move freely - Can expand to fill any volume - Easily compressed into a smaller volume when pressure increases. ## The Fourth and Fifth State of Matter ### 4. Plasma - Plasma are ionized gases (undergo ionization) - Plasma are like gases. The only difference is that the particles of plasma are electrically charged. ### 5. Bose-Einstein Condensate - Cloud of bosons (a type of elementary particle matter) is cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero (T = 0 K). - At absolute zero temperature, the particles stop moving, therefore nothing can be colder than this temperature. - In such conditions, large fraction of bosons condense or fall into the lowest quantum states. ## Properties of matter - Properties = characteristics - Can be observed and measured, such as an object's density, color, mass, volume, length, etc. ### Physical & Chemical Properties #### Chemical properties - Can be observed with an accompanying change. #### Physical Properties - Can be observed by the senses without changing the composition.