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# Public Speaking ## Negative Thought vs. Positive Thought - I did not have to give this speech. - I am not a great public speaker. - I am always nervous when I give a speech. - This speech is a chance for me to share my ideas and gain experience as a speaker - No one is perfect, but I am gett...

# Public Speaking ## Negative Thought vs. Positive Thought - I did not have to give this speech. - I am not a great public speaker. - I am always nervous when I give a speech. - This speech is a chance for me to share my ideas and gain experience as a speaker - No one is perfect, but I am getting better with each speech I give. ## Turning Nervousness from a Negative Force into a Positive One - **Use the Power of Visualization** - Visualization - mental imaging which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation - Create a vivid mental blueprint in which you see yourself succeeding in your speech - **Know that Most Nervousness is Not Visible** - Do not look tense and insecure. - Only a fraction of the turmoil you feel inside is visible on the outside. - Your nervous system will give you a thousand shocks, but your audience can only see a few of them. - **Do not Expect Perfection** - Know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech. - If you made mistakes, just proceed as if nothing happened. - Do not view speechmaking as a performance, instead view it as an act of communication. ## Tips to Dealing with Nervousness in Your First Speech - Be at your best physically and mentally. - Quietly tighten and relax your leg muscles, or squeeze your hands together and then release them. - Take a couple slow, deep breaths before you start to speak. - Work especially hard on your introduction. - Make eye contact with members of your audience. - Concentrate on communicating with your audience rather than worrying about your stage fright. - Use visual aids. ## Public Speaking and Critical Thinking - Besides building your confidence, a course in public speaking can develop your skills as a critical thinker. - Critical Thinking - It is a matter of logic - of being able to spot weaknesses in other people's arguments and to avoid them in your own. ## Critical Thinking - It involves related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion, judging the credibility of statements, and assessing the soundness of evidence. - It makes your speech structure clear and cohesive. - It plays an important role of shaping ideas. ## Speech Communication Process Elements - **Speaker** - Begins the communication process - S/he is the person who is presenting an oral message to a listener. - **Message** - It is whatever a speaker communicates to someone else. - Your goal in public speaking is to have your intended message that is actually communicated. - **Channel** - It is the means by which a message is communicated. - Public speaker may use one or more several channels, each of which will affect the message received by the audience. - **Listener** - The person who receives the communicated message from the speaker - Everything as speaker says is filtered through listener's frame of reference. - Frame of Reference - the sum of a person's knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes. - **Feedback** - The message, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker - Response of the listeners sent to the speaker for the speaker to know the next move - **Interference** - Anything that impedes the communication of a message. - **Internal Interference** - this comes from within your audience. - **External Interference** - this happens outside you audience. - **Situation** - The time and place in which speech communication occurs - Certain occasions require certain kinds of speeches - Physical setting is important ## Public Speaking in a Multicultural Setting - Ways on how to cope and adapt with people having different cultures. - Talks about how diverse cultures are - Cultural diversity in the modern world - Effects and impacts of modernization to our diverse society. ## Multicultural Setting - There are 195 nations in the world, and every one of them has someone living in the United States. - Houston has two radio stations that broadcast solely in Vietnamese and a daily newspaper that prints in Chinese. - Nearly 60 percent of the people in Miami were born outside the United States. ## Multicultural Setting - More than 47 million people in the U.S. speak a language other than English at home. - The internet allows for instant communication everywhere around the world. - *CNN* is broadcasted to more than 1 billion people globally. - International air travel has made national boundaries almost meaningless. ## Multicultural Setting - There are 77,000 transnational corporations around the world, and they account for more than 30 percent of the world's economic output. - McDonald's sells twice as many hamburgers and French fries abroad that it does in the United States. ## Multicultural Setting - Nike makes 63 percent of its sales through exports. - France has as many Muslims as practicing Catholics. - Radio *CHIN* in Toronto, Canada broadcasts in 3 languages.