2007 Nobel Prize for Transgenic Mice Using Embryonic Stem Cells PDF

The Nobel Prize 2007 for Transgenic Mice using Embryonic Stem Cells In 2007, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded for groundbreaking research on the use of embryonic stem cells to create transgenic mice, opening new frontiers in medical research and therapeutic development. Pre...

The Nobel Prize 2007 for Transgenic Mice using Embryonic Stem Cells In 2007, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded for groundbreaking research on the use of embryonic stem cells to create transgenic mice, opening new frontiers in medical research and therapeutic development. Present by: 21187285 – Lâm Mỹ Linh preencoded.png  Mario R. Capecchi Sir Martin J. Evans Oliver Smithies “Pioneered homologous “Discovered and isolated ESCs” “Developed techniques to use recombination in mammalian cells” homologous recombination for targeted gene modifications” The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007 Winners Source: © The Nobel Foundation. Photo: U. Montan preencoded.png 2  Transgenic Mice Figure 2. A knockout mouse (left) that is a model for obesity, compared with a normal mouse. Source: National Human Genome Research Institute (genome.org) Figure 1. A laboratory mouse in which a gene affecting hair growth has been knocked out (left) is shown next to a normal lab mouse. Source: National Human Genome Research Institute (genome.org) preencoded.png 3  Embryonic Stem Cells Figure 3. Embryonic stem cells Source: © The Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine preencoded.png 4 Targeted Gene Modification Figure 4. Creating targeted changes Source: © The Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine preencoded.png 5 Gene Targeting In Mice Figure 5. General strategy Source: © The Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine preencoded.png 6  Gene Targeting In Mice Figure 5. General strategy Source: © The Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine preencoded.png 7  Applications of Transgenic Mice Knockout Mice Model Significance Reference Investigates the roles of the P2X7 receptor in P2X7 Knockout Mice immune response and diseases like neurologic Bartlett et al. (2014) disorders. Important for studying DNA damage response Caspase-2 Knockout Mice Puccini (2014) and cancer mechanisms. Key model in asthma research to define gene nmMLCK Knockout Mice signatures related to asthma severity and Zhou et al. (2015) susceptibility. Used in neuropathy studies to evaluate innate B-Common Receptor Knockout Mice Dahan et al. (2016) repair receptor's role after nerve injuries. Crucial for exploring the unfolded protein Lindahl & Otonkoski (2020) MANF Knockdown Mice response in pancreatic β-cells and its link to diseases. Transforming Growth Factor-alpha Studied for effects of aging and obesity on joint Ohora (2013) Knockout Mice health in osteoarthritis research. Allows study of dendritic cell functions and Clec9a Knockout Mice Blijswijk (2015) their implications in immune responses. preencoded.png 8  Challenges and Limitations Genetic Stability Ethical Considerations Ensuring the long-term stability and The use of embryonic stem cells and expression of genetic modifications is genetic engineering raises complex an ongoing challenge. ethical questions. Translational Hurdles Regulatory Oversight Findings from transgenic mice do not Strict guidelines and regulations always translate directly to human govern the research and use of applications. transgenic models. preencoded.png 9  Conclusion Transformative Ongoing Challenges Breakthrough While transgenic mice have The 2007 Nobel Prize-winning revolutionized science, their discovery of using embryonic stem development and use continue to cells to create transgenic mice has raise important ethical had a profound impact on considerations and challenges that biomedical research and our the research community must understanding of human biology. navigate responsibly. Future Possibilities As the scientific understanding of transgenic mice and embryonic stem cells continues to evolve, the potential for advancements in medicine, disease treatment, and our comprehension of human biology remains vast and promising. preencoded.png 10  References 1. Popular information. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2024. Wed. 20 Nov 2024. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2007/popular-information/ 2. Bartlett, R., Stokes, L., & Sluyter, R. (2014). The P2X7 Receptor Channel: Recent Developments and the Use of P2X7 Antagonists in Models of Disease. Pharmacological Reviews, 66, 638 - 675. 3. Puccini, J. (2014). Characterisation of caspase-2 function in the DNA damage response and tumour suppression. 4. Zhou, T., Wang, T., & Garcia, J.G. (2015). A Nonmuscle Myosin Light Chain Kinase–Dependent Gene Signature in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells is Linked to Human Asthma Severity and Exacerbation Status. Pulmonary Circulation, 5, 335 - 338. 5. Dahan, A., Brines, M., Niesters, M., Cerami, A., & van Velzen, M. (2016). Targeting the innate repair receptor to treat neuropathy. Pain Reports, 1. 6. Lindahl, D.M., & Otonkoski, T. (2020). MANF AS A NEW REGULATOR OF THE UNFOLDED PROTEIN RESPONSE AND MAINTENANCE OF PANCREATIC β-CELLS IN MICE. 7. Ohora, S. (2013). Aging and Obesity Models in Osteoarthritis. 8. Blijswijk, V. (2015). Mouse models to deplete or label dendritic cells via genetic manipulation of the Clec9a locus. preencoded.png 11 THANKS FOR LISTENING! preencoded.png Questions and Answers Figure 6. Positive-negative selection Source: © The Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine preencoded.png Questions and Answers Figure 7. Knockout and Knock-in Mice. Source: DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp0707712 preencoded.png