2024 Muscles and Movements Lecture Notes PDF

Faculty of medicine FALL 2024 Foundation of Normal Human Structure BMS 111 Anatomy lecture 3 gu.edu. eg  Muscles & Movement Presented by Prof. Dr. Eman Habib Prof. Dr. Rania Galhom 1) Identify the different type...

Faculty of medicine FALL 2024 Foundation of Normal Human Structure BMS 111 Anatomy lecture 3 gu.edu. eg  Muscles & Movement Presented by Prof. Dr. Eman Habib Prof. Dr. Rania Galhom 1) Identify the different types of muscles and their locations 2) List the different modes of attachment of skeletal muscles 3) Recognize the ways of skeletal muscles' action 4) Identify the different types of muscles according to their fibers’ arrangment 5) Identify representative muscles from the most important skeletal muscle groups of upper and lower limbs 6) Identify anatomic terms used in relation to movement  Muscular tissue Definition : The muscular tissue has the property of contraction and relaxation Muscles form half the weight of the body. Type of Muscles  1- Skeletal Muscles Voluntary - Striated muscles. Form the main bulk of our bodies. They produce movements of the body. They are called striated because microscopically they show alternating light and dark bands. Examples: Muscles of the limbs.  2- Smooth Muscles Involantary – Unstriated. Controlled by the autonomic nervous system. No microscopic striation. Present in the walls of the viscera. Examples: a. Muscles of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), b. Urinary system, c. smooth muscles of the blood vessels.  3- Cardiac Muscles Striated – Involuntary. Controlled by the autonomic nervous system. Example: The myocardium of the heart. To Summarize Voluntary Involuntary Involuntary Striated Striated Nonstriated  Type of Muscles Muscle I. Skeletal II. Smooth III. Cardiac 1- Site Attached to skeleton In the wall of blood In the wall of the heart (bones) vessels and viscera. 2- Contraction Voluntary Involuntary Involuntary 3- Striations Present Absent Present but less than skeletal muscle 4- Innervation Somatic nervous Autonomic nervous Autonomic nervous system system system  Definition Skeletal muscles are the contractile element of the body responsible for movement. The muscular tissue has the property of contraction (i.e. becomes shorter) then relax They represents the red flesh of the body (form 50% of body weight).  Attachments of the muscle The muscle has at two attachments, one is less mobile and more proximal is called origin. the other is relatively mobile and more distal and is called insertion. Attachment Belly Attachment  Muscles with more than one fleshy belly as origin Biceps Triceps Quadriceps has two heads. has three heads. has four heads. Biceps brachii Triceps brachii Quadriceps femoris ❑ Sites where muscle insertion attached: 1.Bone 2.Cartilage : muscles of larynx 3.Muscle raphe : median fibrous band connects two muscles 4.Skin : muscles of facial expression Skin Raphe Cartilage Bone  ❑ Different forms of muscle insertion : Tendon: Aponeurosis: A long fibrous cord A flat fibrous sheet e.g: Tendocalcaneus e.g: abdominal muscles 11 Fleshy Raphe: Fibers Fibrous band connect two e.g: Popliteus flesh muscle to each other e.g: mylohyoid muscles The skeletal muscles could be divided according to the arrangement of its fibers The skeletal muscles could be divided according to the arrangement of its fibers  Types of muscles according to arrangement of its fibers I- Muscles with parallel fibers Strap with tendinous Flat muscle long Strap Quadrilateral intersections external oblique Sartorius Rectus Abdominus Quadratus lumborum (Muscles of anterior abdominal wall)  II- Muscles fibers obliquely arranged with pennate formation Unipennate Bipennate Multi-pennate Circumpennate muscle: muscle: muscle: muscle: fibers lie on one side of several bipennate the fibres converge on central fibers converge on both the tendon sides of the tendon muscles are united tendon which lies within the like a half a feather. together muscle, encircling it like a full feather.. Dorsal interossei Palmar interossei Deltoid Tibialis anterior  II- Muscles fibers arranged in specific shape Triangular Circular Spiral Fusiform fibers converge twisted from wide origin to forms complete narrow insertion circle Temporalis pectoralis major Biceps Orbicularis oculi Orbicularis oris  The Action of the skeletal muscles The muscular tissue has the property of contraction and relaxation becomes shorter regain its length  The Action of the skeletal muscles Prime movers Antagonist: = Agonists = The muscle that initiates the The muscle that produces the movement opposite action of the agonist  The Action of the skeletal muscles Prime movers = Agonists = The muscle that initiates the movement Synergists: ✓ Muscles that assist the prime movers in action ✓ give strong action.  The Action of the skeletal muscles In flexion Biceps is prime mover (agonist) Brachialis is (synergist) Triceps is the (antagonist) In Extension Triceps is prime mover (agonist) Biceps is the (antagonist) Lecture Quiz on muscles 28  MCQs: 1- The muscle which assist the prime movers in action to give strong action is called ……..: A. Agonist B. Synergist C. Antagonist * D. Fixator E. Prime mover 2- The oblique muscles of the abdomen inserted by: A. A raphe B. Fleshy fibers C. Tendon D. Aponeurosis * E. Both raphe and tendon 29  Temporalis muscle Identify the muscle? Pectoralis major muscle  Orbicularis oculi Identify the muscle? Orbicularis oris  mention the type of each of the following muscle? Sartorius Deltoid Temporalis Orbiculoaris occuli ANATOMICAL TERMS OF MOVEMENTS  By the end of this lecture, each student should be able to Identify anatomic terms used in relation to movement 20  ANATOMICAL TERMS OF MOVEMENTS Flexion → to bend Extension→to stretch ANATOMICAL TERMS OF MOVEMENTS (cont) Abduction → moving a limb in the coronal plane away from midline Adduction → moving a limb in the coronal plane towards the midline ANATOMICAL TERMS OF MOVEMENTS (cont) Abduction of fingers & toes → spreading of fingers or toes apart Adduction of fingers & toes → drawing or approximating fingers or toes together ANATOMICAL TERMS OF MOVEMENTS (cont) Circumduction → the combination in sequence of movements of flexion, abduction, extension & adduction. ANATOMICAL TERMS OF MOVEMENTS (cont) Medial rotation → brings anterior surface to face medially Lateral rotation → brings anterior surface to face laterally Rotation Medial rotation: movement of ventral surface toward the midline. Lateral rotation: movement of ventral surface away from the midline. 38  ANATOMICAL TERMS OF MOVEMENTS (cont) Pronation → medial rotation of forearm which brings palm of hand to face posteriorly Supination→ lateral rotation of forearm which brings palm of hand to face anteriorly ANATOMICAL TERMS OF MOVEMENTS (cont) Protraction → moving the jaw forwards Retraction→ moving the jaw backwards Protraction & retraction can also occur at the shoulders  ANATOMICAL TERMS OF MOVEMENTS (cont) Inversion → moving foot so that sole faces medially Eversion→ moving foot so that sole faces laterally ANATOMICAL TERMS OF MOVEMENTS (cont) Dorsiflexion→ bending foot or ankle upwards Plantar flexion→ bending foot or ankle downwards Which term refers to a movement that decreases the angle of a joint? A. Flexion B. Extension C. Abduction D. Adduction Which of the following correctly describes abduction of a joint? A. Decreases the joint angle B. Increases the joint angle C. Movement away from the midline D. Movement towards the midline Which term refers to the movement of this joint? A. Flexion B. Extension C. Abduction D. Adduction Which term refers to the movement of shoulder joint? A. Flexion B. Extension C. Abduction D. Adduction Extension 51 Flexion 52