The First Civilizations PDF

THE FIRST CIVILIZATIONS The attributes of the first civilizations: Agriculture and domestication of animals Production of metals and pottery Division of labour Culture Writing system Urban centres Social organization The attributes of the first ci...

THE FIRST CIVILIZATIONS The attributes of the first civilizations: Agriculture and domestication of animals Production of metals and pottery Division of labour Culture Writing system Urban centres Social organization The attributes of the first civilizations: Agriculture and hunters and gatherers gradually became farmers and kept domestication of animals animals Production of metals and pottery Division of labour Culture Writing system Urban centres Social organization The attributes of the first civilizations: Agriculture and hunters and gatherers gradually became farmers and kept domestication of animals animals Production of metals and new skills were used to make new products that improved pottery quality of life Division of labour Culture Writing system Urban centres Social organization The attributes of the first civilizations: Agriculture and hunters and gatherers gradually became farmers and kept domestication of animals animals Production of metals and new skills were used to make new products that improved pottery quality of life people started to train themselves in one trade or Division of labour profession Culture Writing system Urban centres Social organization The attributes of the first civilizations: Agriculture and hunters and gatherers gradually became farmers and kept domestication of animals animals Production of metals and new skills were used to make new products that improved pottery quality of life people started to train themselves in one trade or Division of labour profession religion and art shaped the cultural identities of the Culture civilizations that created unique cultures Writing system Urban centres Social organization The attributes of the first civilizations: Agriculture and hunters and gatherers gradually became farmers and kept domestication of animals animals Production of metals and new skills were used to make new products that improved pottery quality of life people started to train themselves in one trade or Division of labour profession religion and art shaped the cultural identities of the Culture civilizations that created unique cultures the script was important for record keeping (agriculture, Writing system economy, religion, culture....) Urban centres Social organization The attributes of the first civilizations: Agriculture and hunters and gatherers gradually became farmers and kept domestication of animals animals Production of metals and new skills were used to make new products that improved pottery quality of life people started to train themselves in one trade or Division of labour profession religion and art shaped the cultural identities of the Culture civilizations that created unique cultures the script was important for record keeping (agriculture, Writing system economy, religion, culture....) Urban centres small settlements and villages became towns and cities Social organization The attributes of the first civilizations: Agriculture and hunters and gatherers gradually became farmers and kept domestication of animals animals Production of metals and new skills were used to make new improved products pottery people started to train themselves in one trade or Division of labour profession religion and art shaped the cultural identities of the Culture civilizations Writing system the script was important for record keeping Urban centres small settlements and villages became towns and cities the system of the social classes appeared and people Social organization gained different social status Map 1  Egypt Mesopotamia India China Map 1  Mesopotamia Egypt India China the Euphrates, the Nile; the Indus; The Yellow River; the Tigris; deserts mountains; deserts; Geography mountains; deserts The Fertile Crescent the irrigation building techniques; city planning; building system; irrigation – regular sewage system; techniques the wheel; floods plumbing Technolog building y techniques; science – math; system of metrology Cuneiform Hieroglyphics Undeciphered the Chinese Script writing system script polytheism polytheism; Buddhism, polytheism; Religion pyramids; Hinduism worship of the mummification ancestors Governme temple theocracy; Caste system isolation and  Mesopotamia Egypt India China the Euphrates, the Nile; the Indus; The Yellow River; the Tigris; deserts mountains; deserts; Geography mountains; deserts The Fertile Crescent rivers mountains and deserts  Mesopotamia Egypt India China the Euphrates, the Nile; the Indus; The Yellow River; the Tigris; deserts mountains; deserts; Geography mountains; deserts The Fertile Crescent rivers - source of life: food, water secured fertile soil - transport - source of building materials (clay, reeds,...) mountains and deserts - natural barrier, protection The Fertile Crescent - the cradle of early civilization and the area with the fertile soil Map 2 Map 3  Map 5 Map 4  Mesopotamia Egypt India China the irrigation building techniques; city planning; building system; irrigation – regular sewage system; techniques the wheel; floods plumbing Technolog building y techniques; science – math; system of Irrigation system - it improved farming metrology - the system of canals, ditches and dykes was built - the fields were protected during the floods and during the seasons of drought Building techniques - every civilization built magnificent structures and many of them survived to these days  Mesopotamia Egypt India China Cuneiform Hieroglyphics Undeciphered the Chinese script Script writing system The Cuneiform - it was usually engraved in the stone or clay tablets The Hieroglyphics - the Egyptians used papyrus to write on Picture 1 Picture 2  The Harappan seals with the Indian writing system that is undeciphered. Picture 3 The Chinese script - the only ancient script that has been used constinuously Picture 4  Mesopotamia Egypt India China polytheism polytheism; Buddhism, polytheism; Religion pyramids; Hinduism worship of the mummification ancestors Religion - an important part of life that influenced everyday life - the priests were powerful people of high status Polytheism - the belief in many gods the Egyptian religion - a pharaoh was the god on Earth - pyramids were the magnificent resting places of pharaohs - mummification was the preservation of the bodies the Chinese religion - the Chinese were expected to respect their parents - they worshiped their ancestors because they believed that the spirits of family ancestors had the power to bring good fortune or disaster  Mesopotamia Egypt India China Governme temple theocracy; Caste system isolation and nt economy; pharaoh independence; Social palace economy; Shang dynasty organizati king on Mesopotamia – temple economy - the government controlled by a priest with the centre in a temple – palace economy - the government controlled by a king with the centre in a palace Egypt – theocracy – pharaoh was the secular and religious leader and was considered to be a god India – uniformity of religion and culture – caste system – the strict division of the Indian society China – the civilization developed in isolation, they learnt to be independent and self-sufficient – Shang dynasty was one of the most powerful dynasties and the first dynasty that left the written records  The Sources: McDougal, Littell. (n.d.). World History: Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, Illinois: A Houghton Mifflin Company. Ilavský, Martin. (2016). History in a Textbook. Equilibria. ISBN 978-80-8143-186-9. Map 1: McDougal, Littell. (n.d.). World History: Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, Illinois: A Houghton Mifflin Company. Map 2: McDougal, Littell. (n.d.). World History: Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, Illinois: A Houghton Mifflin Company. pp. 30. Map 3: McDougal, Littell. (n.d.). World History: Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, Illinois: A Houghton Mifflin Company. pp. 36. Map 4: McDougal, Littell. (n.d.). World History: Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, Illinois: A Houghton Mifflin Company. pp. 45. Map 5: McDougal, Littell. (n.d.). World History: Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, Illinois: A Houghton Mifflin Company. pp. 51. Picture 1: https://www.historyextra.com/period/ancient-egypt/cuneiform-6-things-you-probably-didnt-know-about-the- worlds-oldest-writing-system/ Picture 2: https://interestingengineering.com/explore-33-interesting-facts-about-the-ancient-egyptian-pyramids Picture 3: McDougal, Littell. (n.d.). World History: Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, Illinois: A Houghton Mifflin Company. pp. 48. Picture 4: McDougal, Littell. (n.d.). World History: Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, Illinois: A Houghton Mifflin Company. pp. 53.