2. Lesson 2 - Computer.pdf

IT9 LESSON 2: THE COMPUTER ENGR. JOAN F. FERRANCO INTRODUCTION  When we interact with computers, what are we trying to achieve?  We then consider the computer itself, its processor and memory devices and the networks that link them together.  We note how the technology drives and empowers...

IT9 LESSON 2: THE COMPUTER ENGR. JOAN F. FERRANCO INTRODUCTION  When we interact with computers, what are we trying to achieve?  We then consider the computer itself, its processor and memory devices and the networks that link them together.  We note how the technology drives and empowers the interface. Presented by: ENGR. JOAN F. FERRANCO A Typical Computer System If we examine the interface, we can see how its various characteristics are related to the devices used. Presented by: ENGR. JOAN F. FERRANCO Example of a Computer System Presented by: ENGR. JOAN F. FERRANCO  Computer System Embedded System Large-Scale Computer System Process Control System Presented by: ENGR. JOAN F. FERRANCO TEXT ENTRY DEVICES QWERTY ATM Machine Calculator Mobile Phone Presented by: ENGR. JOAN F. FERRANCO  TEXT ENTRY DEVICES Handwriting recognition - is the ability of a computer or device to take as input handwriting from sources such as printed physical documents, pictures and other devices, or to use handwriting as a direct input to a touchscreen and then interpret this as text. Presented by: ENGR. JOAN F. FERRANCO  TEXT ENTRY DEVICES Speech recognition - the ability of a computer to identify and respond to the sounds produced in human speech. Presented by: ENGR. JOAN F. FERRANCO POSITIONING, POINTING AND DRAWING Central to most modern computing systems is the ability to point at something on the screen and thereby manipulate it, or perform some function. Presented by: ENGR. JOAN F. FERRANCO POSITIONING, POINTING AND DRAWING Mouse Major component of the majority of desktop computer systems Presented by: ENGR. JOAN F. FERRANCO POSITIONING, POINTING AND DRAWING Touchpad Touch-sensitive tablets usually around 2–3 inches (50–75 mm) square Presented by: ENGR. JOAN F. FERRANCO POSITIONING, POINTING AND DRAWING Touch-sensitive screens (touchscreens) Another method of allowing the user to point and select objects on the screen Much more direct than the mouse (detect the presence of the user’s finger, or a stylus, on the screen itself). Presented by: ENGR. JOAN F. FERRANCO POSITIONING, POINTING AND DRAWING Stylus and light pen More accurate positioning (and to avoid greasy screens), systems with touch sensitive surfaces often imply a stylus. popular in PDAs Presented by: ENGR. JOAN F. FERRANCO POSITIONING, POINTING AND DRAWING Digitizing tablet More specialized device typically used for freehand drawing, but may also be used as a mouse substitute. Presented by: ENGR. JOAN F. FERRANCO POSITIONING, POINTING AND DRAWING Eyegaze Allow you to control the computer by simply looking at it Some systems require you to wear special glasses or a small head-mounted box Built into the screen or sit as a small box below the screen. Presented by: ENGR. JOAN F. FERRANCO POSITIONING, POINTING AND DRAWING Cursor keys and discrete positioning Allow you to control the computer by simply looking at it Some systems require you to wear special glasses or a small head-mounted box Built into the screen or sit as a small box below the screen. Presented by: ENGR. JOAN F. FERRANCO DISPLAY DEVICES The vast majority of interactive computer systems would be unthinkable without some sort of display screen, but many such systems do exist, though usually in specialized applications only. CRT LCD/LED Presented by: ENGR. JOAN F. FERRANCO Devices for Virtual Reality and 3D Interaction Virtual reality (VR) systems and various forms of 3D visualization require you to navigate and interact in a three-dimensional space. VR Glasses Cockpit and virtual controls 3D mouse Data Glove Presented by: ENGR. JOAN F. FERRANCO PHYSICAL CONTROLS, SENSORS AND SPECIAL DEVICES Physical Controls Microwave Oven Cockpit and virtual controls Data Glove Presented by: ENGR. JOAN F. FERRANCO PHYSICAL CONTROLS, SENSORS AND SPECIAL DEVICES Environment and Bio-Sensing Wash Basin Car with Courtesy Light Sliding Glass Door Presented by: ENGR. JOAN F. FERRANCO Presented by: ENGR. JOAN F. FERRANCO MEMORY RAM and Short-Term Memory (STM) Temporary memory bank where your computer stores data it needs to retrieve quickly. Disks and Long-Term Memory (LTM) Has permanent storage and it is used to store user specific data and operating system files. Presented by: ENGR. JOAN F. FERRANCO MEMORY Understanding Speed and Capacity Presented by: ENGR. JOAN F. FERRANCO PROCESSING AND NETWORKS Effects of Finite Processor Speed Speed of processing can seriously affect the user interface. These effects must be taken into account when designing an interactive system. If the system is slow, it can lead to delays in how the interface responds, creating a poor user experience. Presented by: ENGR. JOAN F. FERRANCO PROCESSING AND NETWORKS Considerations for Designing Interactive Systems Optimizing Response Times Providing Visual or Audio Cues Predictive Processing Streamlining Processes User Expectations Management Presented by: ENGR. JOAN F. FERRANCO PROCESSING AND NETWORKS Limitations on Interactive Performance Computation bound - For a very long process try to give an indication of duration before it starts; and during processing an indication of the stage that the process has reached is helpful. Presented by: ENGR. JOAN F. FERRANCO PROCESSING AND NETWORKS Limitations on Interactive Performance User Interface Bound - Limitation comes from how the user interface itself is designed. Poorly optimized code Inefficient graphics rendering Too many steps to perform a simple task. Presented by: ENGR. JOAN F. FERRANCO PROCESSING AND NETWORKS Networked Computing Makes collaboration easier, as multiple users can work on the same document or project simultaneously. Enhances user experience by making work more flexible and efficient. Performance of networked applications is highly dependent on the speed and reliability of the network connection. Exposes users to potential security risks, such as hacking, phishing, and data breaches, especially if the network is not properly secured. Presented by: ENGR. JOAN F. FERRANCO