M1S1.docx

**WHAT IS PROGRAMMING?** Programming is a multistep\ process for creating a program.\ It is a way of giving computers\ instructions about what they\ should do next. These\ instructions are known as code. **WHY PROGRAMMING IS IMPORTANT?** - Programming is important for\ learning to innovate,...

**WHAT IS PROGRAMMING?** Programming is a multistep\ process for creating a program.\ It is a way of giving computers\ instructions about what they\ should do next. These\ instructions are known as code. **WHY PROGRAMMING IS IMPORTANT?** - Programming is important for\ learning to innovate, create eco-\ friendly solutions for global\ problems. - Programming is important for\ speeding up the input and\ output processes in a machine. - Programming is important\ to automate, collect,\ manage, calculate, analyze\ the processing of data and\ information accurately. **COMPUTER PROGRAMMING TERMS** ***COMPUTER PROGRAM*** - A computer program is a list or sequence of instructions that - Everything a computer does is done by using a computer\ program. - A computer program is written in a **programming language**. - A programming language (PL) is a type of written language that\ tells computers what to do in order to work. - Programming languages are used to make all the computer\ programs or software. - Each PL has its own grammar called syntax. It consists of rules\ governing the structure and content of the statement that should\ be followed. - A programmer writes source code using a programming\ language to create programs. ***SOURCE CODE*** - Source code is a well-written set of instructions and\ statements to develop a program. - Source code can be written in low-level or high-level\ language. - Source code must be translated to machine language\ (binary form) using a language translator. ***LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS*** - *Assembler translates a program written from an assembly\ language to a low-level language.* - *Interpreter translates each statement or one line at a time and\ executed immediately after translation.\ Example: JavaScript, Python, Ruby* - *Compiler translates all statements at one time. It provides all\ the error messages -- called diagnostics- at once.\ Example: C, C++, Java* - Low-level Language\ uses instructions tied\ directly to one type of\ computer.\ often cryptic and not\ human-readable.\ Examples:\ machine language, assembly\ language - High-level language\ uses English-like\ instructions and can be\ run on a variety of\ computer types.\ Examples:\ Visual Basic, C, C++, Java ***MACHINE LANGUAGE*** - Within a computer, all data is\ represented by microscopic\ electronic switches that can\ be either OFF or ON.\ OFF switch is designated by\ a 0.\ ON switch is designated by\ a 1 - A programming language with\ symbolic names for opcodes,\ and decimals or labels for\ memory addresses\ Example:\ ADD 1, 2\ MUL 2, 3 **PROGRAMMING PARADIGMS** - A programming paradigm is a style, or "way," of\ programming to solve problem using some programming\ language. - It is an approach or method to solve a problem using tools\ and techniques that are available to us following some\ approach. - It is also a way to classify programming languages based on\ their features - The programmer concentrates\ on the major tasks that the program needs to perform. The\ programmer must instruct the computer every step of the way,\ from the start of the task to its completion - Object-oriented program requires the programmer to\ focus on the objects that the program can use to\ accomplish its goal. The objects can take on many different\ forms