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### Recombination Frequencies - Recombination frequencies between two genes never exceed 50% - The recombination frequency (RF) of unlinked genes is 50% due to independent assortment - The RF of linked genes cannot exceed 50% - Meiosis without crossovers produces only parental chromosomes. - Singl...

### Recombination Frequencies - Recombination frequencies between two genes never exceed 50% - The recombination frequency (RF) of unlinked genes is 50% due to independent assortment - The RF of linked genes cannot exceed 50% - Meiosis without crossovers produces only parental chromosomes. - Single and double crossovers produce a parental to recombinant chromosome ratio on average. #### Properties of Linked Versus Unlinked Genes: - **Linked genes**: Parentals > Recombinants (RF < 50%) - **Unlinked genes**: Parentals = Recombinants (RF=50%) - Linked genes must be syntenic (on the same chromosome) and sufficiently close together so that they do not assort independently - Unlinked genes occur when two genes are on different chromosomes or when they are sufficiently far apart on the same chromosome, having at least one crossover occurring between them in every meiosis.