Functional Grammar PDF: Sentence Transformation Guide

Created by Turbolearn AI Functional Grammar: Structure and Usage This section covers key aspects of functional grammar, focusing on sentence transformations, prepositions, and verb tense usage, which will be worth 15 marks on the exam. Transformation of Sentences This part focuses on the interchan...

Created by Turbolearn AI Functional Grammar: Structure and Usage This section covers key aspects of functional grammar, focusing on sentence transformations, prepositions, and verb tense usage, which will be worth 15 marks on the exam. Transformation of Sentences This part focuses on the interchange and manipulation of sentence structures. Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives Interchange of Degrees: Converting sentences between positive, comparative, and superlative forms. Example: Comparative: Everest is taller than all other mountains in the world. Superlative: Mount Everest is the tallest mountain in the world. Positive: Few mountains in the world are as tall as Mount Everest. Bill Gates Example: Positive: Few men in the world are as rich as Bill Gates. Comparative: Bill Gates is richer than most men in the world. Superlative: Bill Gates is one of the richest men in the world. Adverb "Too" Example: The mountain is so steep that rush towards it. Transformation: The mountain is too steep to rush towards it. "No sooner...than," "Hardly had...when," and "As soon as" Page 1  Created by Turbolearn AI These constructions denote events happening immediately after one another. Example: As soon as the bus arrives, the children rushed towards it. Transformation: Hardly had the bus arrived when the children rushed towards it. Transformation: No sooner did the bus arrive than the children rushed towards it. "Not Only...But Also" Used to add one piece of information to another, emphasizing both. Example: Ravi whistled the tune and danced to it. Transformation: Not only did Ravi whistle the tune, but he also danced to it. Example: Sushma worked in a bank and attended classes in the evening. Transformation: Not only did Sushma work in a bank, but she also attended classes in the evening. "If" and "Unless" Interchange: Switching between conditional clauses using "if" and "unless." Example: Unless he runs fast, he will lose the race. Transformation: If he does not run fast, he will lose the race. Example: Unless he comes first in class, his father wouldn't buy him a cycle. Transformation: If he doesn't come first in class, his father wouldn't buy him a cycle. "In Spite Of" and "Despite" Expressing contrast or concession. Example: In spite of being poor, he gave some money to the old man. Transformation: Despite being poor, he gave some money to the old man. Example: Despite his ill health, he did well in the examination. Transformation: In spite of his ill health, he did well in the examination. "Although" and "But" Page 2  Created by Turbolearn AI Interchange: Connecting contrasting ideas using "although" and "but." Example: Although he was poor, he gave some money to the old man. Transformation: He was poor, but he gave some money to the old man. Example: They played well, but they lost the match. Transformation: Although they played well, they lost the match. Interrogative and Assertive Sentences Transforming questions into statements and vice versa. Example: Can one breathe without air? Transformation: One cannot breathe without air. Example: How beautiful is the Taj Mahal! Transformation: The Taj Mahal is very beautiful. Affirmative and Negative Sentences Maintaining the same sense while changing the sentence's polarity. Important: Ensure the substance remains consistent after modification. Example: Suman is as clever as Kiran. Example: Suman is not as clever as Kiran. NOTE: I am not responsible for this seeming lack of transformation, the lecture transcript included this as an example with the instruction to "keep affirmative and negative sentences the same" Page 3