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Overview of Computer-Based Technology

• Information technology (IT) uses computers to create, process, store, retrieve, and exchange data and information.

• IT is part of information and communications technology (ICT) and includes hardware, software, and peripheral equipment.

• The term IT first appeared in a 1958 article and consists of three categories: processing techniques, statistical/mathematical methods for decision-making, and computer programs for higher-order thinking simulation.

• IT encompasses computer networks, television, telephones, and products/services such as computer hardware, software, electronics, semiconductors, and e-commerce.

• IT development can be divided into four phases: pre-mechanical, mechanical, electromechanical, and electronic.

• Computer science is a branch of IT and involves the study of procedure, structure, and data processing.

• Early computing pioneers include Alan Turing, J. Presper Eckert, and John Mauchly who focused on designing the first digital computer.

• Electronic computers using relays or valves appeared in the early 1940s, and the Manchester Baby was the first modern electronic digital stored-program computer in 1948.

• Breakthroughs in semiconductor technology led to the personal computer and the emergence of ICT.

• Data processing includes storage, databases, transmission, and manipulation through data mining.

• Services of IT include email and search systems.

• IT departments are a cost center in modern businesses and are allocated funds by senior leadership to achieve desired deliverables while staying within budget.Information Technology: Responsibilities, Information Services, Ethics, and more

• Information Technology involves the application, implementation, support, or management of computer-based information systems.

• Responsibilities of IT professionals include network administration, software development and installation, and technology life cycle planning and management.

• Information services refer to a variety of IT-related services offered by commercial companies and data brokers.

• The field of information ethics was established by mathematician Norbert Wiener in the 1940s.

• Ethical issues associated with information technology include privacy, security, intellectual property, and accessibility.

• Other areas of concern include cyberbullying, cyberstalking, and online harassment.

• The field of IT is constantly evolving and requires ongoing education and training to stay current.

• IT professionals may work in a variety of industries, including healthcare, finance, and education.

• The demand for IT professionals is expected to continue to grow in the coming years.

• The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of IT in enabling remote work and online learning.

• Some of the most popular IT job titles include software developer, network administrator, and database administrator.

• IT professionals may hold certifications such as CompTIA A+, CCNA, and CISSP.