Overview of Modern Philosophy Quiz

Overview of Modern Philosophy

• Modern philosophy began in the 17th century and ended in the early 20th century, associated with modernity and not a specific doctrine or school.
• Major groups of philosophers were Rationalists, arguing that knowledge must begin from innate ideas, and Empiricists, holding that knowledge must begin with sensory experience.
• Immanuel Kant tried to bring unity to Rationalism and Empiricism but did not entirely succeed in ending philosophical dispute.
• German idealism was a characteristic theme of idealism, which culminated in the work of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel.
• 19th-century British philosophy was dominated by neo-Hegelian thought, and as a reaction against this, figures such as Bertrand Russell and George Edward Moore began moving in the direction of analytic philosophy.
• Renaissance humanism emphasized the value of human beings and opposed dogma and scholasticism.
• Rationalism is a theory of knowledge that asserts that knowledge begins from innate ideas.
• Empiricism is a theory of knowledge that asserts that knowledge comes primarily via sensory experience.
• Political philosophy is the study of politics, liberty, justice, property, rights, law, and the enforcement of a legal code by authority.
• Idealism refers to the group of philosophies which assert that reality is fundamentally a construct of the mind or otherwise immaterial.
• Existentialism holds that the starting point of philosophical thinking must be the individual and the experiences of the individual.
• Phenomenology is the study of the structure of experience.
• Pragmatism is a philosophical tradition centered on the linking of practice and theory.
• Analytic philosophy is characterized by an emphasis on clarity and argument, often achieved via modern formal logic and analysis of language.
• Various philosophical movements in Asia arose in the modern period.