Identify whether each argument is a refutation (R) or a concession (C). 1. Some students photocopy chapters of books required for their courses and believe they are justified becau... Identify whether each argument is a refutation (R) or a concession (C). 1. Some students photocopy chapters of books required for their courses and believe they are justified because books are so expensive. Not only is this illegal, but it also shows a lack of intellectual curiosity. 2. Manufacturers often justify copying famous designer articles such as handbags and jewelry because they can sell them far below the cost of the original. If consumers can't tell the difference, why should this be illegal? 3. Cabaret performers often use copyrighted songs for their shows and complain about having to pay royalties and fees to the copyright owner. Since these shows are performed in front of small audiences, and these performers do not make much money, it seems unfair for them to pay. 4. Some producers have taken other peoples' story lines for movies and adapted them for their own films. They argue that their version is significantly different from the idea first presented to them. However, this practice is unethical and dishonest; therefore, the original creator should be compensated.

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Understand the Problem

The question asks to categorize four different arguments as either refutations (R) or concessions (C). It involves analyzing the statements and determining the nature of the arguments presented regarding legality, ethics, and intellectual property.

Answer

1: R, 2: C, 3: C, 4: R
  1. R (Refutation) - It refutes the idea that students are justified. 2. C (Concession) - It acknowledges the justification and questions legality. 3. C (Concession) - It sympathizes with the performers' complaints. 4. R (Refutation) - It refutes the idea that adaptations are fine.
Answer for screen readers
  1. R (Refutation) - It refutes the idea that students are justified. 2. C (Concession) - It acknowledges the justification and questions legality. 3. C (Concession) - It sympathizes with the performers' complaints. 4. R (Refutation) - It refutes the idea that adaptations are fine.

More Information

Refutations counter an argument, while concessions acknowledge and possibly agree with the opposing viewpoint.

Tips

A concession often follows 'but' or 'however', indicating shifting sides.

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