A cross-sectional study of a representative sample of the population of England collects data through face-to-face interviews on age, income, alcohol drinking, and depression (i.e.... A cross-sectional study of a representative sample of the population of England collects data through face-to-face interviews on age, income, alcohol drinking, and depression (i.e. whether people had been diagnosed with depression at the time of the survey). Which of the following are you able to estimate with these data? Select all options that apply. Responses: Risk difference of depression among alcohol drinkers compared to non-drinkers in England, Cumulative incidence (risk) of depression in England, Incidence rate ratio of depression among alcohol drinkers compared to non-drinkers in England, Prevalence of alcohol drinking in England, Prevalence of depression among people with low income who drink alcohol in England, Odds ratio of depression among people with high income compared to people with low income in England.
Understand the Problem
The question is asking us to identify which estimates can be derived from the data collected in a cross-sectional study, focusing on relationships among alcohol consumption, depression, and socio-economic factors in England. We need to consider the definitions of risk difference, cumulative incidence, incidence rate ratio, prevalence, and odds ratio, as well as how they relate to the data collected.
Answer
Prevalence of alcohol drinking in England, Prevalence of depression among low-income drinkers in England, Odds ratio of depression by income level in England.
The final answer is: Prevalence of alcohol drinking in England, Prevalence of depression among people with low income who drink alcohol in England, Odds ratio of depression among people with high income compared to people with low income in England.
Answer for screen readers
The final answer is: Prevalence of alcohol drinking in England, Prevalence of depression among people with low income who drink alcohol in England, Odds ratio of depression among people with high income compared to people with low income in England.
More Information
In a cross-sectional study, you can estimate the prevalence of conditions and behaviors in the population because data is collected at a single point in time. Odds ratios can be calculated, but not risk differences or incidence rates, as these require longitudinal data.
Tips
A common mistake is to attempt to calculate incidence or risk from cross-sectional data, which cannot show changes over time or new occurrences of cases.
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