Water Level and Flame Sensors Overview

Water Level Sensor Overview

• Water level sensors measure the level of liquids in containers or reservoirs.
• They use a variety of technologies, each with strengths and weaknesses.
• These sensors are crucial for automating, ensuring safety, and efficiently managing resources.

Flame Sensor Overview

• Flame sensors detect and measure infrared levels emitted from flames.
• They can also detect fire.
• These sensors provide digital (LOW/HIGH) and analog outputs.

Water Level Sensor Types

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Water Level Sensor Installation and Connection

• Connect the sensor's VCC pin to the Arduino's 5V.
• Connect the sensor's GND pin to the Arduino's GND.
• The signal pin (S) is connected to an analogue input pin on the Arduino.
• Sensor power should be turned on only when readings are needed.

Water Level Sensor Operation

• The sensor's resistance varies inversely with the depth of immersion in water.
• More water immersion leads to better conductivity which reduces resistance.
• Less water immersion lowers conductivity leading to a higher resistance.
• The sensor generates an output voltage directly proportional to the resistance.

Water Level Sensor Pinouts

• The sensor needs three pins to connect to an Arduino board.
• VCC (3.3V to 5V) for power.
• GND for ground.
• Signal (S) for data.

Water Level Sensor Wiring

• Connect the + (VCC) pin of the sensor to 5V on the Arduino.
• Connect the - (GND) pin of the sensor to GND on the Arduino.
• Connect sensor signal (S) to analog pin A0 on the Arduino.
• One common approach is to control the sensor power using a digital pin.

Basic Arduino Example

• The circuit should be constructed, followed by uploading the provided sketch to the Arduino.
• The uploaded sketch defines variables for thresholds.
• Outputs are based on water level (i.e., dry, partially immersed, or fully immersed).

Arduino Flame Sensor

• The flame sensor detects and measures infrared emitted from flames.
• It has a digital output (LOW or HIGH) and an analog output.
• It's used to detect fire.

Flame Sensor Pinout

• VCC (3.3V to 5V),
• GND (0V).
• DO digital output pin.
• AO analog output pin.
• The DO pin output is HIGH if no flame is detected and LOW if a flame is detected.

Flame Sensor Wiring

• Connect the VCC pin of the sensor to the 5V power pin on the Arduino.
• Connect the ground pin (GND) of the sensor to the GND pin on the Arduino.
• Connect the digital output pin (DO) of the sensor to a digital input pin on the Arduino (e.g., pin 2).

Flame Sensor Wiring (Using AO Only)

• Connect VCC to 5V
• Connect GND to GND
• Connect the analog output pin (AO) to an analog input pin on the Arduino.

Flame Sensor Wiring (Using Both AO & DO)

• Connect VCC to 5V.
• Connect GND to GND.
• Connect the digital output pin (DO) to a digital input pin on the Arduino (e.g., pin 2).
• Connect the analog output pin (AO) to an analog input pin, typically A0.

Arduino Code - DO Output

• Define Arduino pin connected to the flame sensor's DO pin.
• Initialize serial communication (e.g. 9600 baud).
• Configure the Arduino pin as an input.
• Repeatedly read the digital input from the DO pin (e.g., using digitalRead()) and print to serial monitor if flame is detected or not

Arduino Code - AO Output

• Define Arduino pin connected to the flame sensor's AO pin.
• Initialize serial communication.
• Repeatedly read the analog input from the AO pin and print to serial monitor.

Finding Threshold Values

• Record sensor output values for different water levels (dry, partially, fully immersed).
• Understanding water conductivity, and how the sensor sensitivity affects threshold accuracy. (Pure water is not conductive)
• Identify patterns in readings for dry, partially and fully submerged conditions.

Arduino Project - Water Level Indicator

• Build a water level indicator that illuminates LEDs based on the water level.
• This will typically require connecting LEDs to digital pins on the Arduino with resistors.

Arduino Sketch for Water Level Indicator

• This section describes to define thresholds using variables (e.g., lowerThreshold and upperThreshold) and checking against sensor values to activate the correct LEDs (red, yellow, green) respectively, based on measured water levels.

Importance and Adaptability of Sensors

• Sensors are valuable for maintaining safety and ensuring efficient processes.
• They are easily adaptable to diverse applications as required and circumstances.

This quiz explores the functionalities and installation procedures of water level and flame sensors. Learn about the various technologies used and how these sensors play a critical role in automation and safety. Additionally, we cover important connections for Arduino-based applications.