Visual Art: Color, Line, Shape, and Form

Visual Arts

• This art form includes 2-dimensional drawings and paintings, plus 3-dimensional sculptures and architecture
• Shapes, textures, colors, lines and other visual elements are included

Color

• Color is the appearance of an object resulting from its reflection of light
• "THE OLD GUITARIST" was painted by Pablo Picasso in 1903-04 with oil on panel

Line

• A line is a visual element defined by a moving point
• Horizontal lines show reach, extent, or distance
• Vertical lines show pinnacle, power or force
• Jagged lines show confusion and trouble
• Curving lines show dynamism or fluidity
• "THE GREAT WAVE OF KANAGAWA" was created by Katsushika Hokusai in 1760-1849

Shape

• Shapes can be geometric, abstract, organic, figured, positive, negative, translucent, or opaque
• Dynamic relationships of balanced compositions allow viewer interaction
• "PAUL’S TURN" was created by Anthony Caro in 1971

Form

• This art form, unlike shape, is 3-dimensional and includes volume, width, length, and height

Texture

• Texture refers to how something feels or appears to feel when touched
• Textures can be perceived visually or physically
• "REARING HORSE" is a Bronze sculpture by Adriaen de Vries 1610-1615
• "BOUQUET OF FLOWERS IN AN URN" was painted by Jam Van Huysum in 1724 using oil on a wood panel

Space

• Space is the area presenting depth or dimension
• Space shows how an artist uses surface with projected light, particularly in photography
• "HE CAN NO LONGER AT THE AGE OF 98" was created by Francisco José de Geoya with brush and India ink wash.

Auditory Arts

• These forms (music and poetry) use sound because their mediums lack visible or tactile objects.

Elements of Music

• Rhythm is a recurring movement pattern
• Dynamics concern music's loudness or silence (crescendo, diminuendo, accent)
• Melody relies on pitch and rhythm, created sequentially in a rhythmic pattern
• Harmony arises when two or more notes play simultaneously
• Timbre refers to tone color or sound quality distinguishing vocal/instrumental sounds

Texture in Music

• This combines melody, harmony, and rhythm to create a musical piece
• Monophonic, homophonic, polyphonic, and imitative are the 4 types of texture in music

Form in Music

• Form refers to how parts of a musical piece are arranged/organized

Verbal Arts

• This art form uses spoken or sung words

Combined Arts

• This combines varied art forms in one performance, e.g., visual, performing, and theatrical arts

Performance Art

• This pushes the body to its limits rather than simulating feelings
• "Duets on Ice" was performed by Laurie Anderson at the Adelaide Festival in 2013

Theatre

• A collaborative performance where live performers act in front of a physically present audience
• Les Miserables was photographed by Michael Le Poer Trence

Music (Combined Arts)

• Integral to combined arts, encompassing melody, harmony, rhythm, and timbre

Film

• Film / movies incorporate many art forms to convey intended output

Fusion and Overlapping

• Art expresses feelings/ideas and appreciates formal elements
• Richard Wollheim states that art expresses feelings and ideas as well as appreciates seeking out and appreciating formal element
• "BALLOON GIRL" is a graffiti wall art by Banksy 2002, Shoreditch, London
• Art fusion dates back to the 1930s with popularization in recent years
• The concept gained traction in the 1960s through collaborations (Andy Warhol & Yves Saint Laurent)
• Society Spirit voices use art fusion to be heard
• Overlapping involves placing pieces to produce depth
• "THREE MUSICIAN" was painted by Pablo Picasso in 1921

Interrelated Elements

• Elements complement and rely on each other
• Integrating photography into painting faced initial resistance
• HORSE GALLOPING was created in 1879 by Eadweard Muybridge

Fusion/Overlapping Examples

• Grafitti: Expressing/communicating virtually in public spaces
• Poetry Performance: Poetry performed to be produced specifically for an audience

Sergei Prokofiev

• "SERGEI PROKOFIEV’S MUSIC" is one of his famous pieces made in 1937 Text is any written or printed material.

Text and humanities

• The humanities are concerned with different genres of literature

Swan Lake

• Ann Vam Kuren’s choreography "Swans Unveiling" explores why swans/women have suspended existence

Dance

• This is a form of portraying inner feelings, thoughts and experience
• Peter Sherman paintings (2011) intertwine visual art and modern dance, showing dancer movements

Design Principles

• Design creates an art's visual structure
• Artists use principles/guidelines to combine art elements into an organized whole
• "THE SON OF MAN" (1946) was painted by Rene Magritte

Harmony and Unity

• This involves integrating different components to achieve a comprehensive composition
• This means that ideas integrate together to make the art whole
• Harmony combines similar elements to accentuate similarities

Rhythm and Variation

• Rhythm makes a work have strong sense of rhythm
• Rhythm is the beat and tempo of a visual work

Pattern

• Pattern arranges elements in a design, for example in textiles or ceramic tiles is it a recurring design.

Repetition

• It is is element that shows similarities in color, shape, size, or objects.
• Rhythm stems from differences in patterns, how lines are executed

Balance and Proportion

• Balance is a sense of weighted clarity which is a feeling in the composition
• Balance can be radial, symmetrical or asymmetrical
• Symmetrical balance is simple, visually stable, also called formal balance (mirrored)
• Asymmetrical balance: dynamic/informal, contrast creates visually unstable balance

Emphasis and Subordination

• Mittler states contrast emphasizes the differences between elements.
• Used as a general guide when taking photographs or creating works of art.

Meaning

• Art’s meaning comes from underlying messages, visual elements and surrounding factor

Planes of Analysis

• Semiotics: Studies meaning conveyance
• Description: identifies when, where and by whom
• Analysis: identifies distinct artistic style features
• Interpretation: finds how the artist is influenced

Judgement

• Involves making decisions about a work's significance

Art History & Movements

• Arts have been found in many places humans have inhabited
• Lascaux, France holds famous cave paintings from the paleolithic age found in caves
• "WASHING DAY" was created by Oscar Navarro 1953

Art Periods And Timeline

• Romanesque Period: 1000-1300.
• Gothic Era: 1100- 1500.
• Renaissance Era: 1420-1520.
• Mannerism: 1520- 1600.
• Baroque Era: 1590- 1760.
• Rococo Art Period: 1725- 1780.
• Classicism: 1770- 1840.
• Romanticism: 1790-1850.
• Realism: 1850-1925.
• Impressionism: 1850-1895.
• Symbolism: 1890-1920.
• Art Nouveau: 1890-1910.
• Expressionism: 1890-1914.
• Cubism: 1906-1914.
• Futurism: 1909-1945.
• Dadaism: 1912-1920.
• Surrealism: 1920-1930.
• New Objectivity: 1925-1965.
• Abstract Expressionism: 1948-1962.
• Pop-Art: 1955-1969.
• Neo-Expressionism: 1980-1989.

History

• Manda Guéli Cave in Chad, Central Africa holds prehistoric rock paintings

Romanesque Period: 1000-1300

• Marks the official start
• Characterized by wide influence especially in Christian Europe
• Pre-Romanesque refers to art coming before such as Egyptian Frescoes

Romanesque Art

• Inspired by Roman architecture which includes domes/arches
• Used to promote Christianity
• Symbolic images (saints, bible stories, angels, dragons) designed for the uneducated
• "THE RAISING OF LAZARUS' was painted by Duccio di Buoninsegna (1310-1311)

Gothic Era: 1100-1500

• This emerged from the late Romanesque
• Its architecture had thinner walls, promoting stained glass fixture popularity

Renaissance Era: 1420-1520

• Michaelangelo's creations date from 1501-1504
• One of art history's most popular periods which includes Leonardo da Vinci
• Focused on naturalism/realism

Mannerism: 1520-1600.

• Lasted till 1600, beginning around 1520
• Characterized by Renaissance quality exaggerations
• Examples of traits emphasized are balanced proportions
• "MADONNA WITH LONG NECK" was painted by Parmigianino (1534–1540)

Baroque Era: 1590-1760

• Baroque Ceiling Frescoes found in a Cathedral in Ljubljana by Guilio Quaglio (1721-1723)
• Art focused on beings and the lives of people, emphasizing experience of individual

Rococo Art Period: 1725-1780

• This was the time when French Nobility was represented
• Rococo originates from "rocaille" ("shell work"), scroll designs in architecture exemplified
• "SHEPHERD'S IDYLL" by François Boucher in 1768
• A Childhood Idyll (1900) was painted by William Bouguereau

Classicism: 1770-1840

• Influenced by Greek/Roman art, with harmony, simplicity, perfection, and intellect appeal
• GAINSBOROUGH’S MR. AND MRS. ROBERT ANDREWS (1748) features a man with a gun and dog alongside his wife beneath a tree

Romanticism: 1790-1850

• Sentimentality and emotion was the theme
• Focused on individualism and human experiences

Realism 1850-1925

• Portrays subjects as they are in the present

Jean-Francois Millet

• "THE GLEANERS" (1857) depicts post harvest in a field, including women gleaning wheats
• "VIEW OF VETHEUIL SUR SEINE" was painted by Claude Monet, 1880

Impressionism: 1850-1895

• Began the modern period using thin lines and small strokes
• Includes the use of real light and color in the scenery
• DEATH AND THE GRAVE DIGGER (LA MORT ET LE FOSSOYEUR) was painted by Carlos Schwabe (1895)

Symbolism: 1890-1920

• Represented ideas via language/metaphor-powered symbols

Art Nouveau: 1890-1910

• "THE KISS" was painted by Gustav Klimt (1907-1908)
• Elegant arrangements, asymmetrical lines, flower stalks/buds, insect wings etc

Expressionism: 1890-1914

• "THE STARRY NIGHT" was painted by Vincent Van Gogh (1889)
• Began in early 20th century Europe; subjective point of view, intentional distortion for emotional effect

Guitars and Glasses

• This was painted by Juan Gris (1912)
• Cubism: 1906-1914 popularized use of geometric shapes/cylindrical figures/fragmentation
• Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque were Cubism prime movers
• RECONSTRUCTING OF THE UNIVERSE used Italian futurism artwork (1909-1944)

Futurism: 1909-1945

• Dynamism, speed, and energy in modern society
• CUT WITH THE DADA KITCHEN KNIFE THROUGH THE LAST WEIMAR was created by Dadaist Hannah Höch (1919)
• Dadaism: 1912-1920 began due to World War 1 discontentment (Dada = "hobby horse")

Surrealism: 1920-1930

• Promoted positively ideas/reuniting conscious/unconscious experiences
• "SPACE AND TIME" was created William Girometti (1974)
• SELF-PORTRAIT WITH A CIGARETTE was created by Max Beckmann, Frankfurt, 1923
• The New Objectivity: 1925-1965 depicts cold, unsentimental objectivities

Abstract Expressionism: 1948-1962

• "THE LIVER IS THE COCK’S COMB" was painted by Arshile Gorky, 1944
• Canvas/paint use, artists use fingers to image a paint filled surface
• POP art: 1955-1969- art type

WHAAM!

• This was Painted by Roy Lichtenstein for wall explosion II, 1965
• 1955-1969. pop art created in US/England
• Characterized by advertising art/culture fusion

Elk

• This was painted by George Baselitz in 1985
• Depicts large artistic style often show intense/passionate pigment

Art theories

• IMITATIONALISM allows the viewer to imagine a relation object is actually within reach
• FORMALISM is the idea of artist successfully using forms/elements
• INSTRUMENTALISM views can art as a way to send the art what wishes to comuve
• EMOTIONALISM is an art way that make the audices feel the art is "good"
• "HARANA" was created by Oscar Zalamena 2020 on Canvas

American Music

• Colonization introduced entertainment, vaudeville/cabaret
• Philippine Contemporary Music: blends influences, local music flourished by the 1980s
• Freddie Aguilar brought the Philippines into the music scene for his hit song, 1978