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Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
What are the three types of translation according to Roman Jakobson?
What are the three types of translation according to Roman Jakobson?
- Intralingual, Interlingual, and Intersemiotic (correct)
- Linguistic, Cultural, and Semantic
- Literal, Free, and Dynamic
Why has the importance of translation increased in recent times?
Why has the importance of translation increased in recent times?
- Because of better dictionaries
- Due to globalization and market demand (correct)
- Because of language extinction
When did the structured academic study of translation begin?
When did the structured academic study of translation begin?
- In the late 20th century (correct)
- During the Renaissance
- In ancient Egypt
What does the Holmes/Toury map classify?
What does the Holmes/Toury map classify?
What are the main focuses of the Holmes's framework?
What are the main focuses of the Holmes's framework?
How has translation studies evolved since Holmes?
How has translation studies evolved since Holmes?
What is the key idea of the van Doorslaer map?
What is the key idea of the van Doorslaer map?
What is the current nature of translation studies as a discipline?
What is the current nature of translation studies as a discipline?
According to Vinay and Darbelnet, which of the following is not part of Direct Translation?
According to Vinay and Darbelnet, which of the following is not part of Direct Translation?
What does the Oblique Translation strategy include?
What does the Oblique Translation strategy include?
Who introduced the Skopos theory in translation studies?
Who introduced the Skopos theory in translation studies?
What is the central focus of Skopos theory?
What is the central focus of Skopos theory?
What additional ethical principle did Christiane Nord bring into Skopos theory?
What additional ethical principle did Christiane Nord bring into Skopos theory?
What do Catford's translation shifts describe?
What do Catford's translation shifts describe?
Which of the following is not a category shift according to Catford?
Which of the following is not a category shift according to Catford?
What is a level shift in Catford's theory?
What is a level shift in Catford's theory?
What triggered the emergence of new multimodal digital genres?
What triggered the emergence of new multimodal digital genres?
What is the main challenge of web localization in digital genres?
What is the main challenge of web localization in digital genres?
Which of the following best describes denotative equivalence?
Which of the following best describes denotative equivalence?
What does connotative equivalence focus on?
What does connotative equivalence focus on?
Text-normative equivalence refers to:
Text-normative equivalence refers to:
Pragmatic equivalence ensures that:
Pragmatic equivalence ensures that:
Formal equivalence in Koller's theory refers to:
Formal equivalence in Koller's theory refers to:
Ўзбекистонда таржима назариясини ривожланиши ва бу борада турли илмий тадқиқотлар олиб борилиш қачон бошланган? / Когда в Узбекистане началось развитие теории перевода и различных научных исследований в этой области?
Ўзбекистонда таржима назариясини ривожланиши ва бу борада турли илмий тадқиқотлар олиб борилиш қачон бошланган? / Когда в Узбекистане началось развитие теории перевода и различных научных исследований в этой области?
Ўзбекистонда таржима назариясини ривожланишига хисса қўшган олимлар кимлар? / Кто из ученых внес значительный вклад в развитие теории перевода в Узбекистане?
Ўзбекистонда таржима назариясини ривожланишига хисса қўшган олимлар кимлар? / Кто из ученых внес значительный вклад в развитие теории перевода в Узбекистане?
Бевосита таржима нима? / Прямой перевод
Бевосита таржима нима? / Прямой перевод
“Таржиманинг бош хоссаси” нимадан иборат? / Что такое «главное свойство перевода»?
“Таржиманинг бош хоссаси” нимадан иборат? / Что такое «главное свойство перевода»?
Таржима нима? / Что такое перевод?
Таржима нима? / Что такое перевод?
Билвосита таржима нима? Что такое косвенный перевод?
Билвосита таржима нима? Что такое косвенный перевод?
Таржима шаклига кўра қандай турларга бўлинади?/ Какие виды делятся по форме перевода?
Таржима шаклига кўра қандай турларга бўлинади?/ Какие виды делятся по форме перевода?
Ёзма таржима нима (“Translation")? Что такое письменный перевод?
Ёзма таржима нима (“Translation")? Что такое письменный перевод?
Оғзаки таржима ("Interpretation") бу?/ Устный перевод (“Interpretation")?
Оғзаки таржима ("Interpretation") бу?/ Устный перевод (“Interpretation")?
Таржимонлар федерацияларини белгиланг.
Таржимонлар федерацияларини белгиланг.
Оғзакидан оғзаки таржима, неча турларга бўлинади?/ Сколько видов устного перевода существует?
Оғзакидан оғзаки таржима, неча турларга бўлинади?/ Сколько видов устного перевода существует?
Синхрон таржима нима? Что такое синхронный перевод?
Синхрон таржима нима? Что такое синхронный перевод?
Кетма-кет таржима нима? Что такое последовательный перевод?
Кетма-кет таржима нима? Что такое последовательный перевод?
Ёзиб олишнинг(note-taking) асосий вазифалари қуйидагилардан иборат: / Основными задачами записи(note-taking) являются:
Ёзиб олишнинг(note-taking) асосий вазифалари қуйидагилардан иборат: / Основными задачами записи(note-taking) являются:
Шивирлаб таржима (Whispered) қилиш бу...? / Шепотный перевод - это...?
Шивирлаб таржима (Whispered) қилиш бу...? / Шепотный перевод - это...?
Визуал таржима бу? Визуальный перевод это...?
Визуал таржима бу? Визуальный перевод это...?
Таржима методи нимага нисбатан қўлланилади? / Для чего используется метод перевода?
Таржима методи нимага нисбатан қўлланилади? / Для чего используется метод перевода?
Таржимашунос олим А.Ф.Фёдоров ёзма таржиманинг қандай кўринишларини кўрсатиб ўтган? / Какие виды перевода показал ученый-переводчик А. Ф. Федоров?
Таржимашунос олим А.Ф.Фёдоров ёзма таржиманинг қандай кўринишларини кўрсатиб ўтган? / Какие виды перевода показал ученый-переводчик А. Ф. Федоров?
Таржима трансформациялари нимага нисбатан қўлланилади? / К чему относятся переводческие трансформации?
Таржима трансформациялари нимага нисбатан қўлланилади? / К чему относятся переводческие трансформации?
What is source text (аслият)? Что такое исходный текст?
What is source text (аслият)? Что такое исходный текст?
What is target language?
What is target language?
What is the origin of the word “translation”?
What is the origin of the word “translation”?
Who is the “Father of translation”?
Who is the “Father of translation”?
Таржима услуби..../ Метод перевода...
Таржима услуби..../ Метод перевода...
Таржима усули..... Метод перевода
Таржима усули..... Метод перевода
Сўзма-сўз таржима (Word for word translation) бу.... Дословный перевод это?
Сўзма-сўз таржима (Word for word translation) бу.... Дословный перевод это?
Гапларни бирма-бир таржима қилиш (Literal translation) бу..... Дословный перевод – это?
Гапларни бирма-бир таржима қилиш (Literal translation) бу..... Дословный перевод – это?
Аслиятга содиқ ҳолда таржима (Faithful translation) бу.... Верный перевод это?
Аслиятга содиқ ҳолда таржима (Faithful translation) бу.... Верный перевод это?
Семантик таржима (Semantic translation)... Семантический перевод
Семантик таржима (Semantic translation)... Семантический перевод
Насрий таржима (Plain prose translation) бу... прозаический перевод - это...
Насрий таржима (Plain prose translation) бу... прозаический перевод - это...
Трансформациялар қандай таржима турларига бўлинади? / На какие виды перевода делятся трансформации?
Трансформациялар қандай таржима турларига бўлинади? / На какие виды перевода делятся трансформации?
Таржима трансформациялари умумий равишда қандай турларга бўлинади (В.Комиссаров)?/ Каковы общие виды переводческих трансформаций (В. Комиссаров)?
Таржима трансформациялари умумий равишда қандай турларга бўлинади (В.Комиссаров)?/ Каковы общие виды переводческих трансформаций (В. Комиссаров)?
Лексик трансформациялар бу... Лексические трансформации - это...
Лексик трансформациялар бу... Лексические трансформации - это...
Borrowing - қандай трансформация тури? Borrowing это?
Borrowing - қандай трансформация тури? Borrowing это?
Калькалаш (calque) қандай трансформация тури?
Калькалаш (calque) қандай трансформация тури?
Гапларни бирма-бир таржима қилиш (literal translation) бу...? Дословный перевод предложений - это...?
Гапларни бирма-бир таржима қилиш (literal translation) бу...? Дословный перевод предложений - это...?
Транспозициялар (transpositions) бу.... ? Транспозиции - это... ?
Транспозициялар (transpositions) бу.... ? Транспозиции - это... ?
Эквивалентлик (equivalence) бу.... ? Эквивалентность — это...?
Эквивалентлик (equivalence) бу.... ? Эквивалентность — это...?
Маданий эквивалентлик (cultural equivalence) бу.... ? Культурная эквивалентность - это... ?
Маданий эквивалентлик (cultural equivalence) бу.... ? Культурная эквивалентность - это... ?
Тил компетенциялари нечага бўлинади (М.Миллер)/ На какие типы делятся языковые компетенции (М.Миллер)
Тил компетенциялари нечага бўлинади (М.Миллер)/ На какие типы делятся языковые компетенции (М.Миллер)
Энциклопедик компетенция бу...? Энциклопедическая компетентность — это...?
Энциклопедик компетенция бу...? Энциклопедическая компетентность — это...?
The ______ has been translated into many languages since ages.
The ______ has been translated into many languages since ages.
The New Testament was written in ______.
The New Testament was written in ______.
The word translation is derived from the ______ "translatum".
The word translation is derived from the ______ "translatum".
The translator should have a perfect knowledge of both ______ and ______.
The translator should have a perfect knowledge of both ______ and ______.
Which translation is also called direct translation or close translation?
Which translation is also called direct translation or close translation?
The Jewish Bible, the Old Testament, was originally written almost entirely in ______.
The Jewish Bible, the Old Testament, was originally written almost entirely in ______.
Коммуникатив компетенция нима? / Что такое коммуникативная компетентность?
Коммуникатив компетенция нима? / Что такое коммуникативная компетентность?
Шахсий компетенция нима?/ Что такое личная компетентность?
Шахсий компетенция нима?/ Что такое личная компетентность?
Техник компетенция нима? / Что такое техническая компетентность?
Техник компетенция нима? / Что такое техническая компетентность?
Таржимонлик компетенцияси бу.....? /Py.
Таржимонлик компетенцияси бу.....? /Py.
Транспозиция нима? Ру/ Что такое транспозиция?
Транспозиция нима? Ру/ Что такое транспозиция?
Модуляция нима? Ру/ Что такое модуляция?
Модуляция нима? Ру/ Что такое модуляция?
According to Eugene Nida's theory of translation, what is the primary goal of dynamic equivalence?
According to Eugene Nida's theory of translation, what is the primary goal of dynamic equivalence?
Маданий эквивалентлик нима? Ру/ Что такое культурная эквивалентность?
Маданий эквивалентлик нима? Ру/ Что такое культурная эквивалентность?
Тасвирий эквивалентлик нима?Ру/ Что такое образная эквивалентность?
Тасвирий эквивалентлик нима?Ру/ Что такое образная эквивалентность?
Транслитерация бу....? Ру/ Транслитерация - это...?
Транслитерация бу....? Ру/ Транслитерация - это...?
“Machine Translation" бу ....? Ру/«Машинный перевод» - это....?
“Machine Translation" бу ....? Ру/«Машинный перевод» - это....?
When is note taking held?
When is note taking held?
What is a note-taking in translation?
What is a note-taking in translation?
What main types of oral translation do you know?
What main types of oral translation do you know?
The Person speaking two languages is:
The Person speaking two languages is:
What definition gives the definition of False friends?
What definition gives the definition of False friends?
What kind of translation is called when the interpreter speaks after the source language speaker has finished some part of his speech?
What kind of translation is called when the interpreter speaks after the source language speaker has finished some part of his speech?
One of the main tasks of translator is ...
One of the main tasks of translator is ...
According to V.N.Komissarov, how many types of oral translation (interpretation)?
According to V.N.Komissarov, how many types of oral translation (interpretation)?
What is the main difference between translation and interpretation?
What is the main difference between translation and interpretation?
Transliteration and transcription is ...
Transliteration and transcription is ...
Find the correct translation. "There's no place like home"
Find the correct translation. "There's no place like home"
What is the meaning of the word “translation"?
What is the meaning of the word “translation"?
What is the significance of the word “metaphrase”?
What is the significance of the word “metaphrase”?
What significant translation work is associated with the third century BC?
What significant translation work is associated with the third century BC?
Which ancient text was translated into the Asian language during the Mesopotamia era?
Which ancient text was translated into the Asian language during the Mesopotamia era?
Who was named as the translation patron saint by the early church in the fourth century AD?
Who was named as the translation patron saint by the early church in the fourth century AD?
What is considered to be the first known translation?
What is considered to be the first known translation?
What was the historical background of the Grammar Translation Method (GTM)?
What was the historical background of the Grammar Translation Method (GTM)?
Who was the first to establish translation as a profession?
Who was the first to establish translation as a profession?
What is the meaning of “lamb” in English?
What is the meaning of “lamb” in English?
What are the four main stages of translation?
What are the four main stages of translation?
What is the primary function of translation?
What is the primary function of translation?
What is translated first in the translation process?
What is translated first in the translation process?
What is the language of the original text called?
What is the language of the original text called?
What are translators aiming to convey across linguistic and cultural barriers?
What are translators aiming to convey across linguistic and cultural barriers?
What is the term for the language from which translation is made?
What is the term for the language from which translation is made?
Questions and Answers
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Flashcards
Flashcards
What are the three types of translation according to Roman Jakobson?
What are the three types of translation according to Roman Jakobson?
According to Roman Jakobson, the three types of translation are Intralingual, Interlingual, and Intersemiotic.
Why has the importance of translation increased in recent times?
Why has the importance of translation increased in recent times?
The importance of translation has increased in recent times due to globalization and market demand.
When did the structured academic study of translation begin?
When did the structured academic study of translation begin?
The structured academic study of translation began in the late 20th century.
What does the Holmes/Toury map classify?
What does the Holmes/Toury map classify?
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What are the main focuses of the Holmes's framework?
What are the main focuses of the Holmes's framework?
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How has translation studies evolved since Holmes?
How has translation studies evolved since Holmes?
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What is the key idea of the van Doorslaer map?
What is the key idea of the van Doorslaer map?
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What is the current nature of translation studies as a discipline?
What is the current nature of translation studies as a discipline?
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According to Vinay and Darbelnet, which of the following is not part of Direct Translation?
According to Vinay and Darbelnet, which of the following is not part of Direct Translation?
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What does the Oblique Translation strategy include?
What does the Oblique Translation strategy include?
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Who introduced the Skopos theory in translation studies?
Who introduced the Skopos theory in translation studies?
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What is the central focus of Skopos theory?
What is the central focus of Skopos theory?
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What additional ethical principle did Christiane Nord bring into Skopos theory?
What additional ethical principle did Christiane Nord bring into Skopos theory?
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What do Catford's translation shifts describe?
What do Catford's translation shifts describe?
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Which of the following is not a category shift according to Catford?
Which of the following is not a category shift according to Catford?
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What is a level shift in Catford's theory?
What is a level shift in Catford's theory?
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What triggered the emergence of new multimodal digital genres?
What triggered the emergence of new multimodal digital genres?
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What is the main challenge of web localization in digital genres?
What is the main challenge of web localization in digital genres?
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Which of the following best describes denotative equivalence?
Which of the following best describes denotative equivalence?
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What does connotative equivalence focus on?
What does connotative equivalence focus on?
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Text-normative equivalence refers to:
Text-normative equivalence refers to:
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Pragmatic equivalence ensures that:
Pragmatic equivalence ensures that:
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Formal equivalence in Koller's theory refers to:
Formal equivalence in Koller's theory refers to:
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What is source text (аслият)? Что такое исходный текст?
What is source text (аслият)? Что такое исходный текст?
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What is target language?
What is target language?
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What is the the origin of the word “translation”?
What is the the origin of the word “translation”?
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Who is the “Father of translation"?
Who is the “Father of translation"?
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Таржима услуби..../ Метод перевода...
Таржима услуби..../ Метод перевода...
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Word for word translation
Word for word translation
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Гапларни бирма-бир таржима қилиш (Literal translation) бу..... Дословный перевод – это?
Гапларни бирма-бир таржима қилиш (Literal translation) бу..... Дословный перевод – это?
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Верный перевод это?
Верный перевод это?
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Семантик таржима (Semantic translation)... Семантический перевод
Семантик таржима (Semantic translation)... Семантический перевод
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Насрий таржима (Plain prose translation) бу... прозаический перевод - это...
Насрий таржима (Plain prose translation) бу... прозаический перевод - это...
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Трансформациялар қандай таржима турларига бўлинади?/ На какие виды перевода делятся трансформации?
Трансформациялар қандай таржима турларига бўлинади?/ На какие виды перевода делятся трансформации?
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Таржима трансформациялари умумий равишда қандай турларга бўлинади (В.Комиссаров)?/ Каковы общие виды переводческих трансформаций (В. Комиссаров)?
Таржима трансформациялари умумий равишда қандай турларга бўлинади (В.Комиссаров)?/ Каковы общие виды переводческих трансформаций (В. Комиссаров)?
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Лексик трансформациялар бу... Лексические трансформации - это...
Лексик трансформациялар бу... Лексические трансформации - это...
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Borrowing - қандай трансформация тури? Borrowing это?
Borrowing - қандай трансформация тури? Borrowing это?
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Калькалаш (calque) қандай трансформация тури?
Калькалаш (calque) қандай трансформация тури?
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Гапларни бирма-бир таржима қилиш (literal translation) бу...? Дословный перевод предложений - это?...
Гапларни бирма-бир таржима қилиш (literal translation) бу...? Дословный перевод предложений - это?...
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Транспозициялар (transpositions) бу.... ? Транспозиции - это... ?
Транспозициялар (transpositions) бу.... ? Транспозиции - это... ?
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Эквивалентлик (equivalence) бу.... ? Эквивалентность — это...?
Эквивалентлик (equivalence) бу.... ? Эквивалентность — это...?
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Маданий эквивалентлик (cultural equivalence) бу.... ? Культурная эквивалентность - это... ?
Маданий эквивалентлик (cultural equivalence) бу.... ? Культурная эквивалентность - это... ?
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Тил компетенциялари нечага бўлинади (М.Миллер)/ На какие типы делятся языковые компетенции (М.Миллер)
Тил компетенциялари нечага бўлинади (М.Миллер)/ На какие типы делятся языковые компетенции (М.Миллер)
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Энциклопедик компетентность — это...?
Энциклопедик компетентность — это...?
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The ____ has been translated into many languages since ages.
The ____ has been translated into many languages since ages.
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The New Testament was written in ____.
The New Testament was written in ____.
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The word translation is derived from the ____ "translatum".
The word translation is derived from the ____ "translatum".
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The translator should have a perfect knowledge of both _____.
The translator should have a perfect knowledge of both _____.
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Which translation is also called direct translation or close translation?
Which translation is also called direct translation or close translation?
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The Jewish Bible, the Old Testament, was originally written almost entirely in ____.
The Jewish Bible, the Old Testament, was originally written almost entirely in ____.
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Что такое коммуникативная компетентность?
Что такое коммуникативная компетентность?
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Что такое личная компетентность?
Что такое личная компетентность?
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Что такое техническая компетентность?
Что такое техническая компетентность?
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Таржимонлик компетенцияси бу.....? /Py.
Таржимонлик компетенцияси бу.....? /Py.
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Транспозиция нима? Ру/ Что такое транспозиция?
Транспозиция нима? Ру/ Что такое транспозиция?
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Модуляция нима? Ру/ Что такое модуляция?
Модуляция нима? Ру/ Что такое модуляция?
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According to Eugene Nida's theory of translation, what is the primary goal of dynamic equivalence?
According to Eugene Nida's theory of translation, what is the primary goal of dynamic equivalence?
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Маданий эквивалентлик нима? Ру/ Что такое культурная эквивалентность?
Маданий эквивалентлик нима? Ру/ Что такое культурная эквивалентность?
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Тасвирий эквивалентлик нима?Ру/ Что такое образная эквивалентность?
Тасвирий эквивалентлик нима?Ру/ Что такое образная эквивалентность?
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Транслитерация бу....? Ру/ Транслитерация - это...?
Транслитерация бу....? Ру/ Транслитерация - это...?
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“Machine Translation" бу ....? Ру/«Машинный перевод» - это....?
“Machine Translation" бу ....? Ру/«Машинный перевод» - это....?
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When is note taking held?
When is note taking held?
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What is a note-taking in translation?
What is a note-taking in translation?
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What main types of oral translation do you know?
What main types of oral translation do you know?
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The Person speaking two languages is:
The Person speaking two languages is:
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What definition gives the definition of False friends?
What definition gives the definition of False friends?
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What kind of translation is called when the interpreter speaks after the source language speaker has finished some part of his speech?
What kind of translation is called when the interpreter speaks after the source language speaker has finished some part of his speech?
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One of the main tasks of translator is ____.
One of the main tasks of translator is ____.
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According to V.N.Komissarov, how many types of oral translation (interpretation)?
According to V.N.Komissarov, how many types of oral translation (interpretation)?
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What is the main difference between translation and interpretation?
What is the main difference between translation and interpretation?
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Transliteration and transcription is ...
Transliteration and transcription is ...
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Find the correct translation for "There's no place like home."
Find the correct translation for "There's no place like home."
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What is the meaning of the word “translation"?
What is the meaning of the word “translation"?
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What is the significance of the word “metaphrase"?
What is the significance of the word “metaphrase"?
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What significant translation work is associated with the third century BC?
What significant translation work is associated with the third century BC?
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Which ancient text was translated into the Asian language during the Mesopotamia era?
Which ancient text was translated into the Asian language during the Mesopotamia era?
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Who was named as the translation patron saint by the early church in the fourth century AD?
Who was named as the translation patron saint by the early church in the fourth century AD?
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What is considered to be the first known translation?
What is considered to be the first known translation?
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What was the historical background of the Grammar Translation Method (GTM)?
What was the historical background of the Grammar Translation Method (GTM)?
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Who was the first to establish translation as a profession?
Who was the first to establish translation as a profession?
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What is the meaning of “lamb” in English?
What is the meaning of “lamb” in English?
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What are the four main stages of translation?
What are the four main stages of translation?
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What is the primary function of translation?
What is the primary function of translation?
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What is translated first in the translation process?
What is translated first in the translation process?
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What are translators aiming to convey across linguistic and cultural barriers?
What are translators aiming to convey across linguistic and cultural barriers?
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What is the term for the language from which translation is made?
What is the term for the language from which translation is made?
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Study Notes
Study Notes
Types of Translation (Jakobson)
- Intralingual translation involves interpreting verbal signs using other signs within the same language.
- Interlingual translation involves interpreting verbal signs using signs from another language.
- Intersemiotic translation involves interpreting verbal signs using non-verbal sign systems.
Increased Importance of Translation
- Globalization and market demand have increased the importance of translation in recent times.
Start of Translation Studies
- The structured academic study of translation began during the Renaissance.
Holmes/Toury Map
- The Holmes/Toury map classifies the branches of translation studies.
Holmes's Framework Focus
- The Holmes's framework focuses on Product, Function, and Process.
Evolution of Translation Studies
- Translation studies has evolved since Holmes to include more focus on culture, gender, and technology.
Van Doorslaer Map
- The key idea of the van Doorslaer map distinguishes translation from translation studies and explores subfields.
Current Nature of Translation Studies
- Translation studies is currently multidisciplinary and influenced by fields like cultural studies.
Direct Translation (Vinay and Darbelnet)
- Equivalence is not part of direct translation, according to Vinay and Darbelnet.
Oblique Translation Strategy
- The Oblique Translation strategy includes Transposition, Modulation, Equivalence, and Adaptation.
Skopos Theory
- Christiane Nord introduced the Skopos theory in translation studies.
- The central focus of Skopos theory is the purpose of the translation.
- Christiane Nord brought the ethical principle of loyalty to the original author and audience to Skopos theory.
Catford's Translation Shifts
- Catford's translation shifts describe linguistic changes between the source text (ST) and target text (TT).
- A level shift in Catford's theory is a shift between levels of language, such as grammar to lexis.
Emergence of New Digital Genres
- Advancements in technology in the 1990s triggered the emergence of new multimodal digital genres.
Web Localization Challenge
- The main challenge of web localization in digital genres is hybrid texts requiring immediate translation.
Denotative Equivalence
- Denotative equivalence is best described as the equivalence of extra-linguistic content (i.e., factual meaning).
Connotative Equivalence
- Connotative equivalence focuses on the subjective, stylistic, or expressive meaning of a word.
Text-Normative Equivalence
- Text-normative equivalence refers to matching the conventional norms of a specific text type in the target culture.
Pragmatic Equivalence
- Pragmatic equivalence ensures that the translation suits the intended audience and communicative situation.
Formal Equivalence (Koller)
- Formal equivalence in Koller's theory refers to equivalence in grammatical and syntactic form.
Direct Translation
- Direct translation is a translation from one language to another without intermediate translations.
Main Property of Translation
- The main property of translation is the creative process of recreating a text using other linguistic means.
Indirect Translation
- Indirect translation occurs when a text is translated from a language that already translated.
Types of translation by Form
- Types of translation include Written translation and Oral translation.
Written Translation
- Written translation involves translating any text (written or oral material) into a written form.
Interpretation
- Interpretation a type of oral translation
Translators Federations
- F.I.T. (Fédération Internationale des Traducteurs) and A.I.I.C. (Association Internationale des Interprètes de Conférence) are translator federations.
Types of Oral Interpretation
- Types of oral interpretation include: Synchronous interpretation, Consecutive interpretation, whispering interpretation, and visual interpretation.
What is synchronous Interpretation?
- For synchronous interpretation the interpreter needs to translate the speech directly after listening to the speaker.
What is Consecutive Interpretation?
- For Consecutive interpretation the interpreter translates the speech after the speaker has delivered it.
What is Note taking?
- Note-taking includes writing down data, names, statistics etc
Whispered interpretation
- Whispered interpretation involves the interpreter whispering the translation.
Translation Method Application
- The Method of translation is applied to the entire text.
A.F. Fedorov on Written Translation
- A.F. Fedorov identified types of written translation, including translation of newspaper reports, official documents, special scientific texts, socio-political translation, journalistic works, and literary translation.
The focus of Translation Transformations
- Translation transformations apply to small lexical units in the text.
Source Text
- The source text is the original text.
Target Language
- The target language involves transferring of ideas into another language.
Origin of Translation
- The word "translation" comes from the Latin word "translatio," meaning "to carry across" or "to bring across."
Saint of Translation
- Saint Jerome is the "Father of Translation".
Translation Methods
- Translation method is selected based on the style of the text and the translator's goals and is applied to the entire text.
More in Translation Methods
- Translation methods include the smaller components such as the lexical, cultural etc.
What is a Text?
- A text uses the word order and translates the words to the context needed.
What are literal translations?
- Literal translation involves replacement, lexical units and context.
What is Faithful Translation?
- Faithful translation creates understandable language, with grammatical translation.
What is Semantic Translation?
- Semantic translation means the meaning has a good value that has a good outcome.
What are Plain prose translations?
- Plain prose translations are interpretations of a piece of writing, normally poems that have been simplified/ prozaic
The types of Transformation?
- The types of translations range from the literal and oblique.
Transformations broadly?
- Transformations include Lexical, Grammatical and combinations of both.
Lexical Transformations?
- Lexical Transformations features Transcription, Transliteration, calques
What is Borrowing?
- Borrowing involves copying the words and combining them literally.
What is a calque?
- A calque involves foreign structures being translated into the target language.
What are literal translations?
- Literal translations involve words, clauses being translated without context and maintain the original word.
Traspositions
- Traspositions relates to change of word, normally from verb to noun.
Equivalence
- Equivalence combines words to be alternate phrases.
Cultural equivalence
- Cultural equivalence combines language in both similar forms.
language competence
- language competence is often classified in specific language.
What is encyclopedic competence?
- Encyclopedic competence relates what text is meant to create culturally
Languages translated from the ages?
- The Bible has been translated from all ages.
In what language was the Testament written?
- The new testament was written in koine greek.
Word of translation origin?
- The word translation is derived from the latin "translatum".
Translators knowledge?
- translators should have knowledge in both SL and TL.
direct translation?
- Literal translation is a direct translation
bible written in?
- The Jewish bible was written in Hebrew.
What is language competence?
- language competence combines words together to fully give context.
What is communicative text?
- communicative text involves people giving ideas.
What is the key tech competence?
- key tech will have easy work and have easy sentences.
What does a literal competent mean?
- A literal competent means a translation can create understanding.
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