أسئلة الـ Ascending Tract

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Listen to an AI-generated conversation about this lesson
Download our mobile app to listen on the go
Get App

Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the anatomical arrangement of the spinal cord's internal structure?

  • An inner core of connective tissue surrounded by alternating layers of gray and white matter.
  • Each half consists of inner white matter and outer gray matter, divided by the posterior median septum.
  • Each half consists of inner gray matter and outer white matter, divided by the anterior median fissure. (correct)
  • An inner layer of white matter surrounding an outer layer of gray matter.

Which of the following tracts is responsible for carrying discriminative touch, pressure and vibration from the lower limbs?

  • Lateral spinothalamic tract
  • Cuneate tract
  • Gracil tract (correct)
  • Ventral spinothalamic tract

A patient has lost the ability to perceive pain and temperature on the left side of their body, two segments below the site of a spinal cord lesion. Which tract is most likely affected?

  • Ventral spinothalamic tract
  • Ventral corticospinal tract
  • Dorsal column medial lemniscus pathway
  • Lateral spinothalamic tract (correct)

In the spinal cord's gray matter, which group of neurons primarily innervates the muscles of the trunk?

<p>Medial group (A)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary function of the ventral spinocerebellar tract?

<p>Unconscious proprioception from lower limbs (D)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the substantia gelatinosa of Rolando in the spinal cord?

<p>To produce enkephalin for pain suppression (C)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the path of the 2nd order neuron in the dorsal column medial lemniscus pathway?

<p>It synapses in the medulla and crosses to form the medial lemniscus. (B)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

Which ascending tract does not decussate in the spinal cord?

<p>Dorsal spinocerebellar tract (D)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

A patient experiences a loss of unconscious proprioception from the lower limb. Which of the following spinal cord structures is most likely involved?

<p>Spinal border cells (B)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sensations is primarily mediated by the nucleus proprius in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord?

<p>Simple touch and pressure (D)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

A lesion in the medial lemniscus will result in loss of:

<p>Discriminative touch, vibration, and conscious proprioception on the <em>contralateral</em> side of the body. (D)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical function of the Clark's nucleus (nucleus dorsalis) in the spinal cord?

<p>Unconscious proprioception from the lower limb and trunk (D)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ascending tracts carries sensory information that allows you to know the position of your limbs without looking?

<p>Gracile fasciculus (B)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

Following a spinal cord injury, a patient exhibits paralysis and loss of fine touch sensation on the same side of the body below the level of the lesion. Which descending and ascending tracts are most likely affected, respectively?

<p>Lateral corticospinal and dorsal column (C)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

A patient has selective damage to the lateral horn of the spinal cord in the thoracic region. Which of the following functions would MOST likely be impaired?

<p>Sympathetic nervous system outflow (D)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is studying the sensory pathways in the spinal cord. They inject a tracer that is taken up by first-order sensory neurons. Where would they expect to find the cell bodies of these neurons?

<p>Dorsal root ganglia (D)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

The ventral spinothalamic tract is responsible for conveying which type of sensory information?

<p>Simple touch and pressure (C)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

If a lesion occurred affecting the axons crossing in the anterior white commissure of the spinal cord, which sensory loss would most likely occur?

<p>Loss of pain and temperature sensation contralateral to the lesion. (C)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

What type of receptor is primarily responsible for detecting muscle stretch and contributing to proprioception?

<p>Muscle spindles (D)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

Why might no sensory loss be detected following a lesion of the ventral spinothalamic tract?

<p>The same sensations are also carried by gracile and cuneate tracts. (B)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the arrangement of motor neuron pools within the ventral horn of the spinal cord?

<p>Medial groups innervate axial muscles, while lateral groups innervate distal limb muscles. (C)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with impaired fine touch and conscious proprioception from the right lower limb, but normal function in the upper limb. Where is the MOST likely lesion?

<p>Right dorsal column at the level of L4. (B)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

If a lesion completely transects the left side of the spinal cord at the level of T10, which sensory deficits would be expected below the level of the lesion?

<p>Loss of pain and temperature sensation on the right side and loss of fine touch sensation on the left side. (A)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

A patient has a lesion affecting the internal arcuate fibers. Which of the following sensory deficits would MOST likely result from this lesion?

<p>Loss of fine touch discrimination on the contralateral side of the body. (B)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with a loss of pain and temperature sensation two segments below the level of the lesion. Which structure is MOST likely damaged?

<p>Ventral white commissure. (B)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best explains why damage to the ventral spinothalamic tract may not result in readily detectable sensory loss?

<p>The ventral spinothalamic tract decussates at multiple levels of the spinal cord. (D)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

A patient with a spinal cord injury exhibits loss of unconscious proprioception from the lower limb but intact motor function. Which tract is likely affected?

<p>Dorsal spinocerebellar tract. (A)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is investigating the sensory pathways for discriminative touch in the spinal cord. If they were to trace the path of a second-order neuron in this pathway, where would they expect to find its axon?

<p>Decussating and ascending in the medial lemniscus. (D)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

Following a spinal cord injury, a patient demonstrates an inability to coordinate movements on the right side of the body, specifically affecting the lower limb. Which of the following pathways is MOST likely affected?

<p>Left ventral spinocerebellar tract. (A)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

Which of these tracts does NOT contain primary sensory neurons?

<p>Lateral spinothalamic tract (C)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

A lesion in the spinal cord affects the nucleus proprius. What sensory loss results from this lesion?

<p>Loss of crude touch and pressure (C)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

Where do the central processes of the dorsal root ganglion ascend to form the gracile and cuneate tracts?

<p>Dorsal column (B)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the function of spinal border cells in the context of unconscious proprioception?

<p>Transmitting proprioceptive information from the lower limb and crossing to the opposite side. (A)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional significance of the decussation that occurs within the internal arcuate fibers?

<p>It enables contralateral sensory perception. (C)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

A patient reports a loss of pain and temperature sensation beginning two segments below the level of a spinal cord lesion. Which specific part of the ascending pathway is MOST likely involved?

<p>Anterior white commissure. (C)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

A patient has a lesion that selectively disrupts the function of the accessory cuneate nucleus. What specific sensory deficit would MOST likely result from this lesion?

<p>Loss of unconscious proprioception from the upper limbs. (A)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

Which statement BEST integrates the function and location of the substantia gelatinosa?

<p>It's located in the dorsal horn and is important for processing pain and temperature. (D)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with impaired pain and temperature sensation three segments below the level of the spinal cord lesion on the contralateral side. The MOST likely explanation involves damage to which specific structure?

<p>Anterior white commissure (A)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

A person steps on a sharp object. Which sequence BEST describes the order that the sensory neurons will take?

<p>First-order neuron, second-order neuron, third-order neuron (A)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

Damage to the gracile fasciculus would result in deficits of:

<p>Vibration sense of the ipsilateral lower limb (D)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

Which nuclei in the ventral horn are responsible for controlling extensor muscles?

<p>Ventral nuclei (B)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

At what level of the spinal cord are the central group neurons located?

<p>Lumbo-sacral (C)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lateral corticospinal tract?

<p>Voluntary movement of contralateral limbs. (B)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

A lesion affecting the ventral spinocerebellar tract would MOST directly impair which function?

<p>Unconscious proprioception from the lower limb. (C)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

After a complete spinal cord injury at the T6 level, which ascending tract would LEAST likely transmit signals from the lower extremities?

<p>Fasciculus cuneatus. (A)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key function of the ventral spinothalamic tract?

<p>Relaying crude touch and pressure sensations. (B)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the neurons of the Gracilis and Cuneatus?

<p>First order neurons that ascend ipsilaterally in the spinal cord. (C)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of the lateral horn of the spinal cord?

<p>It is found only in the thoracolumbar region and contains sympathetic neurons. (D)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

The cell bodies for the second-order neurons of the spinothalamic tract are located in which structure?

<p>Dorsal horn of the spinal cord. (B)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

Which tract decussates in the medulla oblongata, after ascending in the spinal cord?

<p>Gracile fasciculus. (A)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

The anterolateral system transmits what sensation?

<p>Pain and temperature. (B)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the tectospinal tract?

<p>Head and eye movements in response to visual and auditory stimuli (B)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with loss of motor function in the left leg and foot. Imaging reveals a lesion affecting a descending tract within the ventral column of the spinal cord. Which tract is most likely involved?

<p>Ventral corticospinal tract. (C)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

Lesions in the posterior limb of the internal capsule would directly impact which of the following sensory pathways?

<p>Both A and B (A)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

Spinal border cells perform what function?

<p>Unconscious proprioception from lower limbs (C)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

Which sensory receptor type is primarily responsible for the detection of discriminative touch?

<p>Merkel cells and Meissner's corpuscles (A)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

The dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway crosses at what level of the nervous system?

<p>Medulla (C)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

What is the main sensory modality transmitted by the gracile fasciculus?

<p>Fine touch and proprioception from the lower limbs (B)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

Central processes of the dorsal root ganglion ascend how many segments before synapsing?

<p>2 (C)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

Where do the axons of gracil and cuneate nuclei terminate after decussation?

<p>Ventral posterior lateral nucleus of thalamus (B)</p>
Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Anterior Median Fissure & Posterior Median Septum

Divides the spinal cord into two halves.

Gray vs. White Matter Composition

Inner part contains nerve cell bodies; outer part contains axons of nerve cells.

Ascending Tracts

Carry sensory information from the body to the brain.

Descending Tracts

Carry motor commands from the brain to the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Medial Group (Ventral Horn)

Supplies muscles of the trunk.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lateral Group (Ventral Horn)

Supplies muscles of the limbs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ventral Nuclei Functon

Controls extensors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dorsal Nuclei Function

Controls flexors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lateral Horn

Only in thoraco-lumbar region & contain sympathetic nerve cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gracil Tract

Carries sensations from below T6.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cuneate Tract

Carries sensation above T6.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lateral Spino-Thalamic Tract

Pain and temperature pathway.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ventral Spino-Thalamic Tract

Simple touch and pressure pathway.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Spinal Border Cells

Carry unconscious proprioception from lower limb.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Clark Nucleus

Carry unconscious proprioception from the lower limb & trunk.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Accessory Cuneate Nucleus

Carry unconscious proprioception from the upper limb.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Function of Gracil & Cuneate Tracts

Carry sensory information from the body to the brain, specifically conscious proprioception, discriminative touch, simple touch, pressure, and vibration

Signup and view all the flashcards

1st Order Neuron Receptors

Muscle tendon & spindle for proprioception, touch (merckel, meissner), and pressure & vibration (pacinian).

Signup and view all the flashcards

2nd Order Neuron Pathway

Axons cross to opposite side forming medial lemniscus; relays in gracil & cuneate nuclei in medulla.

Signup and view all the flashcards

3rd Order Neuron

Axons ascend to general sensory area

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ventral Horn

Carries motor neurons arranged in groups

Signup and view all the flashcards

Distribution of Dorsal Horn

All spinal cord segments

Signup and view all the flashcards

N.B: Discriminative

Localization, 2-point discrimination & sterognosis

Signup and view all the flashcards

2nd order neuron path

Axons of postero-marginal and nucleus proprius cross over to ascend in lateral column of spinal cord then reach ventral posterior lateral nucleus

Signup and view all the flashcards

Rexed Lamination II

Located in the dorsal horn; mediates pain & temperature sensation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ventral Column

Consists of the ventral cortico-spinal, tecto-spinal, vestibule-spinal and olivo-spinal tracts.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lateral Column

Consists of the rubro-spinal and lateral cortico-spinal tracts.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ventral Horn: Medial group

Controls trunk muscles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sensory Decussation

The region where axons cross to the opposite side, forming medial lemniscus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

2nd Order Neuron for Ventral Spinothalamic Tract

Axons end at ventral posterior lateral nucleus of thalamus (VPLNT).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Substantia Gelatinosa of Rolandi

Role is to produce encephalon for pain supression

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nucleus Proprius

Nucleus that ascends to the thalamus

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

  • Anterior median fissure and posterior median septum divide the spinal cord into 2 halves.
  • Each half consists of inner gray matter (nerve cell body) and outer white matter (axon of nerve cells).

White Matter

  • Ascending tracts include the gracil and cuneate tracts.
  • Descending tracts consist of rubro-spinal and lateral cortico-spinal tracts.
  • Lateral column contains lateral spino-thalamic, dorsal spino-cerebellar, ventral spino-cerebellar, rubro-spinal, and lateral cortico-spinal tracts.
  • Ventral column contains ventral spino-thalamic, ventral cortico-spinal, tecto-spinal, vestibule-spinal, and olivo-spinal tracts.

Gray Matter

  • Ventral horn contains motor neurons arranged in medial, lateral, and central groups.
  • Medial group supplies muscles of the trunk.
  • Lateral group supplies muscles of the limbs.
  • Central group is found only at lumbo-sacral segments.
  • Ventral nuclei control extensors, while dorsal nuclei control flexors.
  • Lateral horn is present only in the thoraco-lumbar region and contains sympathetic nerve cells.

Dorsal Horn

  • Postero-marginal zone is Rexed lamination I and mediates pain and temperature sensation.
  • Substantia gelatinosa of rolandi is Rexed lamination II and mediates pain and temperature sensation.
  • Nucleus proprius is Rexed lamination III & IV and mediates simple touch and pressure sensations.
  • Clark's nucleus ("nucleus dorsalis") is Rexed lamination VII and mediates unconscious proprioception; found between C8-L2.

Sensations from the Body

  • Proprioception can be unconscious or conscious.
  • Exterioception includes touch and pain/temperature sensations.
  • Unconscious proprioception involves ventral spino-cerebellar (from lower limb) and dorsal spino-cerebellar (from lower limb & trunk).
  • Conscious proprioception is mediated by the gracil and cuneate tract (cuneo-cerebellar: from upper limb)
  • Touch sensations are discriminative (Localization, 2 point discrimination & Steriognosis) and simple touch & pressure
  • Discrimitive tough = fine tough whil simple touch = light/crude touch
  • Pain and temperature sensations are transmitted via the lateral spino-thalamic tract.

Sensory Order Neurons

  • 1st order neuron: peripheral process from dorsal root ganglion relay on the sensory receptors, the central process enters the spinal cord to synapse on 2nd order neuron.
  • 2nd order neuron gives rise to an axon that crosses to the opposite side and ascends to a higher level of the central nervous system, where it synapses with 3rd order neuron.
  • 3rd order neuron is usually in the thalamus and projects fiber that passes in the internal capsule to reach the sensory area of the cerebral cortex.

Gracile & Cuneate Tracts

  • Function is to carry conscious proprioception, discriminative touch, simple touch & pressure, and vibration.
  • Gracile tract carries sensations from below T6
  • Cuneate tract carries sensation above T6
  • 1st order neurons: peripheral processes of dorsal root ganglion end in receptors for muscle tendon & spindle for proprioception, touch (merckel and meissner), and pressure & vibration (pacinian).
  • The central process ascends in the dorsal column to form gracile & cuneate tracts, relaying in gracile & cuneate nuclei in the medulla.
  • 2nd order neurons: axons of gracile & cuneate nuclei form internal arcuate fibers ("sensory decussation") in the closed medulla, crossing to the opposite side and forming the medial leminscus ending at the ventral posterior lateral nucleus of the thalamus “VPLNT”.
  • 3rd order neurons: axons of VPLNT ascend in the posterior limb of the internal capsule to the general sensory area.
  • Lesion: Loss of conscious proprioception and discriminative touch below the lesion level occurs on the same side with gracile & cuneate tract lesions and on the opposite side with medial leminscus lesions.

Lateral Spino-Thalamic Tract

  • Carries pain & temperature sensations.
  • 1st order neuron: peripheral processes of dorsal root ganglion end in pain (fine nerve endings) and temperature receptors (Krause and Hot receptor = Ruffini).
  • Central processes ascend 2 segments forming lisseur tract to end at Postero-marginal & substantia gelatinosa of rolandi & nucleus propious.
  • 2nd order neuron: Axons of Postero-marginal & nucleus propious cross to the opposite side and ascend in the lateral column of the spinal cord, ending on the ventral posterior lateral nucleus of the thalamus “VPLNT”.
  • The role of substantia gelatinosa of rolandi is to produce encephalin for pain suppression.
  • Ventral & lateral spino-thalamic tracts join to form spinal leminscus.
  • 3rd order neuron: Axons of VPLNT ascend in posterior limb of Internal capsule to reach general sensory area.
  • Lesion: Contralateral loss of pain & temperature 2 segments below lesion level.

Ventral Spino-Thalamic Tract

  • Carries simple touch & pressure sensations.
  • 1st order neuron: Peripheral processes of dorsal root ganglion end in receptors for touch (merckel and meissner) and pressure & vibration (pacinian).
  • Central processes of dorsal root ganglion synapse at nucleus propious.
  • 2nd order neuron: Axons of the 2nd order neuron cross to the opposite side at 10 segments to ascend in the anterior column of the spinal cord and end on the ventral posterior lateral nucleus of the thalamus "VPLNT".
  • Ventral & lateral spino-thalamic tracts join to form spinal leminscus.
  • 3rd order neuron: Axons of VPLNT ascend in the posterior limb of the internal capsule to reach the general sensory area.
  • Lesion: No sensory loss is detected: The same sensations are also carried by gracile & cuneate, and the ventral spinothalamic tract crosses the midline at many levels.

Unconscious Proprioception

  • Peripheral processes of dorsal root ganglion end in receptors ("muscle tendon & muscle spindle").
  • Central processes of dorsal root ganglion relay on spinal border cells, Clark's nucleus, or the accessory cuneate nucleus.
  • Spinal border cells carry unconscious proprioception from the lower limb.
  • The form ventral spino-cerebellar tract crosses to the opposite side to enter the cerebellum through the superior cerebellar peduncle, then recrosses to end on the ipsilateral cerebellar hemisphere.
  • Clark's nucleus carries unconscious proprioception from the lower limb & trunk and forms the dorsal spino-cerebellar tract, which enters the ipsilateral cerebellar hemisphere through the inferior cerebellar peduncle.
  • Accessory cuneate nucleus carries unconscious proprioception from the upper limb and forms the cuneo-cerebellar tract, which enters the ipsilateral cerebellar hemisphere through the inferior cerebellar peduncle.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

More Like This

Spinal Cord Tracts Quiz
28 questions

Spinal Cord Tracts Quiz

ChivalrousSerendipity avatar
ChivalrousSerendipity
Spinal Cord Tracts Overview
10 questions

Spinal Cord Tracts Overview

FineLookingBiedermeier avatar
FineLookingBiedermeier
Spinal Cord Tracts and Neurons
19 questions

Spinal Cord Tracts and Neurons

ManeuverableChalcedony6889 avatar
ManeuverableChalcedony6889
Spinal Cord Tracts and Neuron Impulses
15 questions

Spinal Cord Tracts and Neuron Impulses

ManeuverableChalcedony6889 avatar
ManeuverableChalcedony6889
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser