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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of striated muscle cells?
What is the primary function of striated muscle cells?
- To carry products of photosynthesis
- To regulate blood pressure
- To contract quickly to move bones (correct)
- To transport water in plants
Smooth muscle cells are primarily responsible for bone movement resulting from rapid contractions.
Smooth muscle cells are primarily responsible for bone movement resulting from rapid contractions.
False (B)
Which two specialized proteins slide over each other to cause muscle contraction?
Which two specialized proteins slide over each other to cause muscle contraction?
myosin and actin
Muscle cells contain a large number of ________ to provide energy for contraction.
Muscle cells contain a large number of ________ to provide energy for contraction.
Match the cell type with its primary function:
Match the cell type with its primary function:
What is the main function of root hair cells?
What is the main function of root hair cells?
Root hair cells use osmosis to take up mineral ions and active transport to take up water.
Root hair cells use osmosis to take up mineral ions and active transport to take up water.
What structural feature of root hair cells increases their surface area for absorption?
What structural feature of root hair cells increases their surface area for absorption?
The ________ in root hair cells affects the speed of water movement.
The ________ in root hair cells affects the speed of water movement.
What is the role of lignin in xylem cells?
What is the role of lignin in xylem cells?
Xylem cells remain alive to actively transport water and minerals throughout the plant.
Xylem cells remain alive to actively transport water and minerals throughout the plant.
What is the name given to the structures formed by the broken-down cell walls of phloem cells, facilitating substance movement?
What is the name given to the structures formed by the broken-down cell walls of phloem cells, facilitating substance movement?
_________ is deposited in spirals in xylem cells to help withstand pressure.
_________ is deposited in spirals in xylem cells to help withstand pressure.
What is the primary function of phloem cells?
What is the primary function of phloem cells?
Phloem cells contain numerous mitochondria to meet their high energy demands.
Phloem cells contain numerous mitochondria to meet their high energy demands.
Which type of cells provide energy to phloem cells?
Which type of cells provide energy to phloem cells?
Xylem transports water from the roots to the _______ of the plant.
Xylem transports water from the roots to the _______ of the plant.
Which of the following cell types relies on active transport to move mineral ions?
Which of the following cell types relies on active transport to move mineral ions?
Glycogen stored in muscle cells is used in photosynthesis to produce energy for contraction
Glycogen stored in muscle cells is used in photosynthesis to produce energy for contraction
What is the chemical deposited in xylem cells that leads to cell death and the formation of hollow tubes?
What is the chemical deposited in xylem cells that leads to cell death and the formation of hollow tubes?
Flashcards
Muscle Cell Function
Muscle Cell Function
Muscle cells contract quickly to move bones (striated) or squeeze (smooth), causing movement.
Muscle Contraction Mechanism
Muscle Contraction Mechanism
Proteins (myosin and actin) slide over each other, causing muscle contraction.
Mitochondria in Muscle Cells
Mitochondria in Muscle Cells
Muscle cells have many mitochondria to provide energy from respiration for contraction.
Glycogen Storage in Muscle Cells
Glycogen Storage in Muscle Cells
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Root Hair Cell Function
Root Hair Cell Function
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Root Hair Cell Surface Area
Root Hair Cell Surface Area
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Vacuole Role in Water Movement
Vacuole Role in Water Movement
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Mitochondria in Root Hair Cells
Mitochondria in Root Hair Cells
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Xylem Cell Function
Xylem Cell Function
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Lignin in Xylem Cells
Lignin in Xylem Cells
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Lignin Deposition Pattern
Lignin Deposition Pattern
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Phloem Cell Function
Phloem Cell Function
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Sieve Plates in Phloem
Sieve Plates in Phloem
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Companion Cells in Phloem
Companion Cells in Phloem
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Study Notes
- Muscle cells are specialized for rapid contraction to facilitate bone movement (striated muscle) or squeezing actions (smooth muscle).
- Smooth muscle is located in blood vessels and modifies blood pressure.
- Myosin and actin are proteins responsible for muscle contraction through a sliding mechanism.
- Muscle cells contain numerous mitochondria, which provide energy for contraction through respiration.
- Glycogen, a chemical stored in muscle cells, fuels mitochondrial respiration.
Root Hair Cells
- Root hair cells are located at root tips and absorb water via osmosis, and mineral ions through active transport from the soil.
- Root hairs increase the surface area of root hair cells for efficient water absorption.
- A large permanent vacuole in root hair cells influences the rate of water movement from the soil.
- Mitochondria in root hair cells generate required energy for active transport of mineral ions.
Xylem Cells
- Xylem cells transport water and mineral ions from the roots to the shoots in plants.
- Lignin deposition during xylem cell maturation causes cell death, leaving hollow, continuous tubes for efficient transport
- Spirally deposited lignin in xylem cells reinforces them against the pressure of water movement.
Phloem Cells
- Phloem cells distribute photosynthetic products (food) throughout the plant.
- Sieve plates are formed from broken-down cell walls which enable substance movement between pholem cells.
- Companion cells provide energy to phloem cells, compensating for the latters loss of subcellular structures.
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