Social Studies: Postcolonialism & Social Movements

• The study notes cover topics from Social Studies, focusing on postcolonialism, social movements for civil and human rights, apartheid, and global economics/terrorism.

Postcolonialism (Activity 2, Unit 25, Part 3)

• The main objective of colonialism was to satisfy ambitions for dominance and establish presence in a territory.
• Regions colonized include Asia, Africa, and Oceania.
• Racial discrimination is a lasting effect of colonialism.
• World War II lasted 6 years.
• World War II occurred in the 20th century.
• The end of the great empires brought an end to colonialism.
• ONU means United Nations Organization.
• The Declaration on Decolonization was in 1960.
• Neocolonialism is the influence of major powers over former colonies.
• Economic control in neocolonialism involves investments and development aid.
• Political and social control in neocolonialism involves manipulation of public opinion.
• The military strategy of neocolonialism is that those affected cannot fight against it.
• Viability, according to the text, refers to the lack of opportunity for some to develop through their own means.

Social Movements for Civil/Human Rights (Activity 4, Unit 1, Part 1)

• "Supranational institutions" refers to institutions above national ones, like the UN.
• The United Nations proclaimed the Declaration of Human Rights in 1948.
• "From below" refers to subjects who have been mistreated.
• During the Roman Empire, plebeians fought for legal, political, and social equality.
• Martin Luther King's movement fought to end racial segregation.
• Martin Luther King Jr. received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.
• Martin Luther King Jr.'s movement ensured most of the rights they demanded were established in US law.
• The antonym of racial segregation is racial justice.
• According to the text, brotherhood is more valuable than social justice.
• The text refers to the fact that justice is written but not followed when it says: shifting sands.

Apartheid (Activity 4, Unit 25, Part 2)

• A synonym for apartheid is segregation.
• Apartheid came into effect in South Africa in 1948.
• The basis of apartheid was skin color.
• Nelson Mandela was a precursor in the fight against apartheid in South Africa.
• Nelson Mandela received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993.
• Nelson Mandela was elected president of South Africa on April 27, 1994.
• Rigoberta Menchú Tum obtained the Nobel Peace Prize in 1992.
• The internal armed conflict in Guatemala lasted 36 years.
• Rigoberta Menchú's book is called "Me llamo Rigoberta Menchú y así me nació la conciencia".
• A synopsis is a brief text outlining the essential aspects of a work.

Alternatives of Change and Terrorism (Activity 4, Unit 25, Part 3)

• The World Bank promotes the expansion of globalization on a large scale.
• FEM stands for Foro Económico Mundial (World Economic Forum).
• The FEM opposes neoliberalism.
• The FEM's motto is "Another world is possible."
• The RAE (Real Academia Española) defines terrorism as a succession of violent acts meant to instill fear.
• The September 11, 2001 attacks happened.
• Civil wars are also known as guerrilla insurgencies.
• The US and Great Britain triggered the invasion of Iraq in 2003.
• The State of Israel was created in 1948.
• George W. Bush declared war on terrorism.