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Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
To meet the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia, how long must continuous signs of disturbance persist?
To meet the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia, how long must continuous signs of disturbance persist?
- At least 1 month
- At least 6 months (correct)
- At least 2 weeks
- At least 1 year
A diagnosis of schizophrenia requires the exclusion of schizoaffective disorder, depressive disorder, or bipolar disorder with psychotic features.
A diagnosis of schizophrenia requires the exclusion of schizoaffective disorder, depressive disorder, or bipolar disorder with psychotic features.
True (A)
What is the minimum duration of illness required for a diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder?
What is the minimum duration of illness required for a diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder?
1 month
To diagnose schizophrenia in an individual with a history of autism spectrum disorder, prominent delusions or hallucinations must be present for at least ______ month.
To diagnose schizophrenia in an individual with a history of autism spectrum disorder, prominent delusions or hallucinations must be present for at least ______ month.
Match the following psychotic disorders with their specified duration of symptoms:
Match the following psychotic disorders with their specified duration of symptoms:
How long must delusions or hallucinations be present, in the absence of a major mood episode, to meet the criteria for schizoaffective disorder?
How long must delusions or hallucinations be present, in the absence of a major mood episode, to meet the criteria for schizoaffective disorder?
Brief psychotic disorder is characterized by symptoms lasting more than one month.
Brief psychotic disorder is characterized by symptoms lasting more than one month.
In delusional disorder, how long must one or more delusions be present for a diagnosis?
In delusional disorder, how long must one or more delusions be present for a diagnosis?
For a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder, five or more symptoms must be present during the same ______-week period.
For a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder, five or more symptoms must be present during the same ______-week period.
Match the diagnostic criteria with the appropriate disorder:
Match the diagnostic criteria with the appropriate disorder:
How long must depressed mood be present for a diagnosis of Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)?
How long must depressed mood be present for a diagnosis of Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)?
A diagnosis of Bipolar I disorder requires both a manic and a major depressive episode.
A diagnosis of Bipolar I disorder requires both a manic and a major depressive episode.
What is the minimum duration for a manic episode to meet the diagnostic criteria for Bipolar I disorder?
What is the minimum duration for a manic episode to meet the diagnostic criteria for Bipolar I disorder?
To meet the criteria for Bipolar II disorder, an individual must experience at least one hypomanic episode and at least one ______ episode.
To meet the criteria for Bipolar II disorder, an individual must experience at least one hypomanic episode and at least one ______ episode.
How many symptoms must be present during a manic episode (or hypomanic) if the mood is only irritable?
How many symptoms must be present during a manic episode (or hypomanic) if the mood is only irritable?
A hypomanic episode is severe enough to cause marked impairment requiring hospitalization or psychotic features.
A hypomanic episode is severe enough to cause marked impairment requiring hospitalization or psychotic features.
For a diagnosis of cyclothymic disorder, how long must the symptoms be present in adults?
For a diagnosis of cyclothymic disorder, how long must the symptoms be present in adults?
During the 2-year period required for a diagnosis of cyclothymic disorder, an individual has never been without symptoms for more than ______ months at a time.
During the 2-year period required for a diagnosis of cyclothymic disorder, an individual has never been without symptoms for more than ______ months at a time.
To differentiate between Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), recurrent, and Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia), what is the key factor to consider?
To differentiate between Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), recurrent, and Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia), what is the key factor to consider?
If psychotic symptoms occur exclusively during mood episodes, substance/medication-induced psychotic disorder should be the primary consideration.
If psychotic symptoms occur exclusively during mood episodes, substance/medication-induced psychotic disorder should be the primary consideration.
Questions and Answers
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Flashcards
Flashcards
Schizophrenia Diagnostic Criteria
Schizophrenia Diagnostic Criteria
Two or more symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior, negative symptoms) present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period.
Schizophreniform Disorder timeframe
Schizophreniform Disorder timeframe
Symptoms last at least 1 month but less than 6 months.
Brief Psychotic Disorder timeframe
Brief Psychotic Disorder timeframe
Symptoms last more than 1 day but less than 1 month, followed by full return to premorbid functioning.
Delusional Disorder Duration
Delusional Disorder Duration
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Substance/Medication-Induced Psychotic Disorder
Substance/Medication-Induced Psychotic Disorder
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Schizoaffective Disorder
Schizoaffective Disorder
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Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) Criteria
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) Criteria
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Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) Duration
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) Duration
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Bipolar I Disorder
Bipolar I Disorder
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Manic Episode Duration
Manic Episode Duration
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Bipolar II Disorder
Bipolar II Disorder
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Hypomanic Episode Duration
Hypomanic Episode Duration
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Cyclothymic Disorder Duration
Cyclothymic Disorder Duration
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Substance-Induced Psychosis
Substance-Induced Psychosis
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Schizophrenia & Autism/Communication Disorders
Schizophrenia & Autism/Communication Disorders
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Flashcards
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Study Notes
Study Notes
Schizophrenia Diagnostic Criteria
- Requires two or more of the following symptoms for a significant portion of a 1-month period (or less if treated): delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior, or negative symptoms (diminished emotional expression or avolition).
- At least one of the symptoms must be delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech.
- Functioning in major life areas (work, relationships, self-care) is markedly impaired for a significant time since onset.
- Continuous signs of disturbance must persist for at least 6 months, including ≥1 month of active-phase symptoms (Criterion A) and may include prodromal/residual symptoms.
- Schizoaffective disorder, depressive disorder, or bipolar disorder with psychotic features have been ruled out; there should be no major mood episodes concurrent with active-phase symptoms, or mood symptoms should be present for a minority of the total illness duration.
- The symptoms are not due to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition.
- If there is a history of autism spectrum disorder or childhood communication disorder, schizophrenia is diagnosed only if prominent delusions or hallucinations are also present for ≥1 month.
Differential Diagnosis for Schizophrenia
- Major depressive or bipolar disorder with psychotic or catatonic features: If psychotic symptoms occur exclusively during mood episodes, diagnose a mood disorder with psychotic features instead.
- Schizoaffective disorder: Requires a major mood episode (depressive or manic) concurrent with psychotic symptoms AND ≥2 weeks of psychotic symptoms without mood symptoms.
- Schizophreniform disorder: Total duration of illness is at least 1 month but less than 6 months.
- Brief psychotic disorder: Symptoms last more than 1 day but less than 1 month, followed by full return to premorbid functioning.
- Delusional disorder: Presence of one or more delusions for ≥ 1 month, but no other prominent psychotic symptoms.
- Substance/medication-induced psychotic disorder: Psychotic symptoms develop during or shortly after substance use.
- Psychotic disorder due to another medical condition: Rule out medical causes via history, physical, and lab data.
- Autism spectrum or communication disorders: Schizophrenia is diagnosed only when hallucinations or delusions are prominent for ≥ 1 month.
Schizophreniform Disorder Diagnostic Criteria
- Requires two or more of the following symptoms be present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less if successfully treated): delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior, or negative symptoms.
- At least one of the symptoms must be delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech.
- An episode of the disorder lasts at least 1 month but less than 6 months.
- Schizoaffective disorder and depressive or bipolar disorder with psychotic features have been ruled out.
- The disturbance is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition.
Brief Psychotic Disorder Diagnostic Criteria
- Presence of one (or more) of the symptoms: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, or grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior.
- At least one of the symptoms must be delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech.
- Duration is at least 1 day but less than 1 month, with eventual full return to premorbid functioning.
- The disturbance is not better explained by another disorder (e.g., schizophrenia, schizophreniform, mood disorder with psychotic features) and is not attributable to substance/medical condition.
Delusional Disorder Diagnostic Criteria
- Presence of one (or more) delusions for 1 month or longer.
- Criterion A for schizophrenia has never been met. Hallucinations, if present, are not prominent and are related to the delusional theme.
- Apart from the delusion(s), functioning is not markedly impaired, and behavior is not obviously bizarre or odd.
- If manic or major depressive episodes have occurred, these have been brief relative to the delusional periods.
- The disturbance is not attributable to substance use or a medical condition.
Schizoaffective Disorder Diagnostic Criteria
- An uninterrupted period of illness during which there is a major mood episode (major depressive or manic) concurrent with Criterion A of schizophrenia, and the major depressive episode must include depressed mood.
- Delusions or hallucinations for 2 or more weeks in the absence of a major mood episode during the lifetime duration of the illness.
- Symptoms that meet criteria for a major mood episode are present for the majority of the total duration of the illness.
- The disturbance is not attributable to a substance or another medical condition.
Substance/Medication-Induced Psychotic Disorder Diagnostic Criteria
- Presence of delusions or hallucinations.
- There is evidence (from history, physical exam, or labs) that the symptoms developed during or soon after substance intoxication or withdrawal, or after exposure to a medication, and the substance/medication is capable of producing the symptoms.
- The disturbance is not better explained by a psychotic disorder that is not substance/medication-induced; symptoms persist for a long time after cessation or predate use.
- The disturbance does not occur exclusively during a delirium.
- The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) Diagnostic Criteria
- Five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and show a change from previous functioning, with at least one symptom being (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest/pleasure.
- Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day.
- Markedly diminished interest or pleasure.
- Significant weight loss/gain or appetite disturbance.
- Insomnia or hypersomnia.
- Psychomotor agitation or retardation.
- Fatigue or loss of energy.
- Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt.
- Diminished ability to think/concentrate, or indecisiveness.
- Recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, or suicide attempt.
- The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning.
- The episode is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition.
- There has never been a manic or hypomanic episode.
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) Diagnostic Criteria
- Depressed mood for most of the day, more days than not, for at least 2 years (1 year in children/adolescents).
- Presence of two (or more) of the following while depressed: poor appetite or overeating, insomnia or hypersomnia, low energy or fatigue, low self-esteem, poor concentration or difficulty making decisions, feelings of hopelessness.
- During the 2-year period, the individual has never been without symptoms for more than 2 months at a time.
- Criteria for a major depressive episode may be continuously present for 2 years.
- No manic/hypomanic episodes and no cyclothymic disorder.
- The condition not better explained by psychotic disorders.
- The condition not due to substances or another medical condition.
- The symptoms cause distress or impairment.
Bipolar I Disorder Diagnostic Criteria
- Criteria have been met for at least one manic episode.
- A manic episode may be preceded or followed by hypomanic or major depressive episodes, but these are not required for diagnosis.
Manic Episode Diagnostic Criteria
- A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy, lasting at least 1 week (or any duration if hospitalization is necessary).
- During the period of mood disturbance, three (or more) of the following symptoms (four if the mood is only irritable) are present to a significant degree: inflated self-esteem or grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, more talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking, flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing, distractibility, increase in goal-directed activity or psychomotor agitation, excessive involvement in risky activities.
- Mood disturbance is severe enough to cause marked impairment in functioning, necessitate hospitalization, or there are psychotic features.
- Episode not attributable to a substance or another medical condition.
Bipolar II Disorder Diagnostic Criteria
- Criteria have been met for at least one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode.
- There has never been a manic episode.
- The occurrence of the hypomanic and depressive episodes is not better explained by schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform, delusional disorder, or other psychotic disorders.
- The symptoms cause distress or functional impairment due to the depressive episode or fluctuation between states.
Hypomanic Episode Diagnostic Criteria
- A distinct period of abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and increased energy/activity, lasting at least 4 consecutive days.
- During the episode, three (or more) of the following symptoms are present (four if the mood is only irritable), which are the same as for manic episode.
- Episode is associated with unequivocal change in functioning.
- Observable by others.
- Not severe enough to cause marked impairment, no hospitalization required, and no psychotic features.
- Not due to substance/medical condition.
Cyclothymic Disorder Diagnostic Criteria
- For at least 2 years (1 year in children/adolescents), there have been numerous periods with hypomanic symptoms and numerous periods with depressive symptoms, but criteria for full hypomanic or major depressive episode have never been met.
- During this period, the person has not been without the symptoms for more than 2 months at a time.
- No manic, hypomanic, or major depressive episode has ever occurred.
- Symptoms are not better explained by schizophrenia spectrum or other psychotic disorders.
- Not attributable to substances or a medical condition.
- Symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment.
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