Psychology Perspectives Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the raw, unorganized part of your personality at birth according to Sigmund Freud's theory?

Id

Who suggested that classical conditioning - behavior is learned through observing and imitation - is a key part of how people understand the world?

Jean Paget

What is the main goal in life according to Carl Rogers's humanistic perspective?

Self-actualization

Who suggested that our behavior is tied to biology and our evolution, controlled by our critical sensitive periods?

<p>Konrad Lorenz</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the sociocultural perspective, what is the name of the genetics of behavior?

<p>Nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Psychodynamic Perspective

This perspective believes that our behavior is driven by inner forces, memories, and conflicts we might not even be aware of.

Behavior Perspective

This perspective focuses on how we learn from observing and imitating others.

Cognitive Perspective

This perspective focuses on how we think, process information, and make decisions.

Humanistic Perspective

This perspective emphasizes the power of individual choice and self-growth.

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Evolutionary Perspective

This perspective believes that our behaviors are shaped by our evolutionary history and biological predispositions.

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Socialcultural Perspective

This perspective examines how social contexts and cultural influences shape human development.

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Nature

This refers to the influence of genetic factors on our traits and behaviors.

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Nurture

This refers to the influence of environmental factors on our traits and behaviors, such as upbringing, culture, and experiences.

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Experimental Method

This is a research method used to study cause and effect relationships by manipulating certain variables.

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Interview

This is a research method that involves gathering information through face-to-face conversations and questions.

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Observation

This is a research method that involves observing the spontaneous behavior of individuals or groups in a natural setting.

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Case Study

This research method involves an intensive study of a single individual, focusing on their actions, behaviors, and feelings.

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Topical

This is a research method that involves presenting information from various sources, such as books, articles, and websites.

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Survey

This is a research method that involves collecting data by asking questions to a large group of people.

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Id

The part of the personality that is present at birth and is driven by basic instincts and desires.

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Ego

The part of the personality that is rational, logical, and helps us deal with reality.

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Superego

The part of the personality that represents our internalized moral standards and values.

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Classical Conditioning

A type of learning that involves associating a neutral stimulus with a naturally occurring response.

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Self-actualization

The process of reaching one's full potential and becoming the best version of oneself.

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Critical Periods

The stages of development that are critical for certain aspects of development and are sensitive to environmental influences.

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John B. Watson

A psychologist who is known for his work on classical conditioning and behaviorism.

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Jean Piaget

A psychologist known for his work on cognitive development in children.

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Carl Rogers

A psychologist who is known for his work on humanistic psychology and client-centered therapy.

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Konrad Lorenz

A psychologist who is known for his work on ethology and the study of imprinting in animals.

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Urie Bronfenbrenner

A psychologist who developed the ecological systems theory of development, which emphasizes the role of social contexts.

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Nature vs. Nurture

The idea that development is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.

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Independent Variable

A variable that is manipulated or changed by the researcher in an experiment.

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Dependent Variable

A variable that is measured or observed in an experiment.

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Control Group

A group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment or manipulation of the independent variable.

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Study Notes

Psychodynamic Perspective

  • Behaviour is motivated by inner forces, memories, and conflicts beyond people's control
  • Sigmund Freud suggested this theory
  • Id - the raw, unorganized part of your personality at birth
  • Ego - the part of your personality that is rational

Behavioural Perspective

  • Understanding develops through outside stimuli
  • John B. Watson suggested that learning occurs through observation and imitation
  • Classical conditioning - behaviour is learned

Cognitive Perspective

  • Emphasizes how people internally represent and think about the world
  • Jean Piaget suggested this theory

Humanistic Perspective

  • People have control to make decisions about their lives
  • Carl Rogers suggested this perspective
  • Self-actualization is the main goal in life

Evolutionary Perspective

  • Behaviour is tied to biology and our evolution
  • Konrad Lorenz suggested this theory
  • Behaviour is controlled by critical and sensitive periods

Sociocultural Perspective

  • Seeks to explain individual developments affected by society and social changes
  • Urie Bronfenbrenner suggested this perspective

Nature vs. Nurture

  • Nature - genetics of behaviour
  • Nurture - upbringing and how you are raised
  • Examples: skin colour, religious beliefs, political opinions, down syndrome, etc

Experimental Method

  • Assigns a different variable to different groups
  • Face-to-face meetings, series of questions

Interview

  • Face-to-face meetings asking a series of questions

Observation

  • Spontaneous behaviour of an individual or group in a natural setting

Case Study

  • Intensive study of one individual, observing actions, behaviour and feelings

Topical

  • Presentation of information; researcher will involve paper and web resources

Survey

  • Involving going out and asking questions to people to collect data from groups

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Description

Explore various psychological perspectives including the Psychodynamic, Behavioural, Cognitive, Humanistic, Evolutionary, and Sociocultural approaches. This quiz will help reinforce your understanding of key theorists and concepts that shape these perspectives. Test your knowledge and see how these theories apply to human behavior.

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