Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following behaviors is LEAST likely to be considered atypical?
Which of the following behaviors is LEAST likely to be considered atypical?
- Expressing overt displays of affection in public in Western cultures. (correct)
- Experiencing intense anxiety before public speaking.
- Having difficulty forming and maintaining relationships.
- Displaying self-injurious behaviors.
Which of the following reflects the understanding that behavior can be either adaptive or maladaptive for a specific individual?
Which of the following reflects the understanding that behavior can be either adaptive or maladaptive for a specific individual?
- Describing the different psychological criteria used to categorize typical and atypical behaviors.
- Categorizing behaviors based on cultural perspectives.
- Applying the concepts of normality and neurotypicality. (correct)
- Understanding which behaviors are statistically rare.
When assessing whether a behavior is typical or atypical, what factor introduces the most variability and lack of universal agreement?
When assessing whether a behavior is typical or atypical, what factor introduces the most variability and lack of universal agreement?
- Statistical rarity of the behavior.
- Presence of personal distress.
- Cultural perspectives on the behavior. (correct)
- Extent to which the behavior is maladaptive.
What is the primary purpose of social norms within a society?
What is the primary purpose of social norms within a society?
In the context of categorizing behavior, what does statistical rarity refer to?
In the context of categorizing behavior, what does statistical rarity refer to?
A person who experiences persistent sadness, anxiety, and feelings of being overwhelmed would be categorized as atypical based on what criteria?
A person who experiences persistent sadness, anxiety, and feelings of being overwhelmed would be categorized as atypical based on what criteria?
Choosing to binge-watch TV shows instead of studying for an upcoming assessment is an example of:
Choosing to binge-watch TV shows instead of studying for an upcoming assessment is an example of:
What is the BEST way to understand the various components that make up a person's sense of well-being?
What is the BEST way to understand the various components that make up a person's sense of well-being?
What distinguishes neurodiversity from neurotypicality?
What distinguishes neurodiversity from neurotypicality?
What term describes any behaviours, emotional responses, or cognitive processes enabling appropriate environmental adjustment?
What term describes any behaviours, emotional responses, or cognitive processes enabling appropriate environmental adjustment?
When are emotions considered maladaptive?
When are emotions considered maladaptive?
Engaging in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to challenge maladaptive thoughts aligns most directly with addressing which aspect of well-being?
Engaging in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to challenge maladaptive thoughts aligns most directly with addressing which aspect of well-being?
Understanding that the difficulties faced by people with autism are due to normal variations in brain function reflects which concept?
Understanding that the difficulties faced by people with autism are due to normal variations in brain function reflects which concept?
Difficulties with social skills, understanding social cues and forming relationships are all used to meet the clinical diagnosis criteria for:
Difficulties with social skills, understanding social cues and forming relationships are all used to meet the clinical diagnosis criteria for:
What cognitive process allows awareness of ones ability to set goals and being able to plan?
What cognitive process allows awareness of ones ability to set goals and being able to plan?
Challenges dealing with visual information as well as auditory processing are likely deficits with what cognitive action?
Challenges dealing with visual information as well as auditory processing are likely deficits with what cognitive action?
What does cultural responsiveness in health care emphasize?
What does cultural responsiveness in health care emphasize?
During healthcare treatment, what does integrating "cultural humanity" most utilize?
During healthcare treatment, what does integrating "cultural humanity" most utilize?
What is the primary aim of applying culturally appropriate practices in mental health?
What is the primary aim of applying culturally appropriate practices in mental health?
An individual from a collectivist culture might show reluctance towards western evidence-based practice due to:
An individual from a collectivist culture might show reluctance towards western evidence-based practice due to:
If a child consistently fails to acknowledge social cues, is unable to reciprocate emotion, and struggles with nonverbal communication, their abilities fit the typical profile of:
If a child consistently fails to acknowledge social cues, is unable to reciprocate emotion, and struggles with nonverbal communication, their abilities fit the typical profile of:
For a child with ADHD, their level of hyperactivity with impulsivity means there had to have been evidence the symptoms:
For a child with ADHD, their level of hyperactivity with impulsivity means there had to have been evidence the symptoms:
If an individual shows increased focus toward details so that they are excel the disciplines requiring those efforts, it serves to benefit while also showing what autism specific theory?
If an individual shows increased focus toward details so that they are excel the disciplines requiring those efforts, it serves to benefit while also showing what autism specific theory?
What is one of the biggest factors separating between treatment styles for psychologists and psychiatrists?
What is one of the biggest factors separating between treatment styles for psychologists and psychiatrists?
If access to a support system is needed and it was for the Australian people in rural areas:
If access to a support system is needed and it was for the Australian people in rural areas:
Which of the following best describes the term cultural safety within healthcare?
Which of the following best describes the term cultural safety within healthcare?
When comparing how it’s important for care, in which order will these dynamics be most effective( Cultural perspective, safety and humility )?
When comparing how it’s important for care, in which order will these dynamics be most effective( Cultural perspective, safety and humility )?
A young child lines up their toys repeatedly and becomes very upset if the order is disrupted. Which diagnostic criteria would be MOST applicable?
A young child lines up their toys repeatedly and becomes very upset if the order is disrupted. Which diagnostic criteria would be MOST applicable?
If asked to explain adaptive of maladapative behavior, it would be BEST explained by using:
If asked to explain adaptive of maladapative behavior, it would be BEST explained by using:
What are the main areas a mental health support staff is LEAST likely to help a person experiencing their disorder?
What are the main areas a mental health support staff is LEAST likely to help a person experiencing their disorder?
If an individual has been unable to sleep due to some type of stress, is too anxious to drive because of an accident and has continued for months, what may be an emotional process they may also be suffering?
If an individual has been unable to sleep due to some type of stress, is too anxious to drive because of an accident and has continued for months, what may be an emotional process they may also be suffering?
Which of the following best describes the concept that if someone lacks knowing that someone has an idea of what you will do next, shows deficits in:
Which of the following best describes the concept that if someone lacks knowing that someone has an idea of what you will do next, shows deficits in:
What is the importance, if someone suffers severe trauma, showing acceptance for your client's family and for someone to hear them out when they may be involved to your client? You offer respect, and listen this to your client shows:
What is the importance, if someone suffers severe trauma, showing acceptance for your client's family and for someone to hear them out when they may be involved to your client? You offer respect, and listen this to your client shows:
For the question of 'Why are people with conditions such as autism or ADHD considered neurodiverse', you must best take into consideration which response?
For the question of 'Why are people with conditions such as autism or ADHD considered neurodiverse', you must best take into consideration which response?
Which action least describes cultural safety?
Which action least describes cultural safety?
If in some instances, the individual is using the maladaptive behavior to obtain resources, you must still mark that behavior and:
If in some instances, the individual is using the maladaptive behavior to obtain resources, you must still mark that behavior and:
What is the goal of cultural responsiveness efforts?
What is the goal of cultural responsiveness efforts?
Where can the most appropriate access be found if you have concerns? Who best to seek out?
Where can the most appropriate access be found if you have concerns? Who best to seek out?
Flashcards
Typical behaviors
Typical behaviors
Patterns of behaviour that are expected or conform to societal standards.
Atypical behaviors
Atypical behaviors
Patterns of behavior that are unexpected or deviate substantially from cultural norms.
Typical development
Typical development
Progress aligning with expected skill and ability development ranges for a child's age.
Atypical development
Atypical development
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Cultural perspectives
Cultural perspectives
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Social norms
Social norms
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Statistical rarity
Statistical rarity
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Personal distress
Personal distress
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Maladaptive behavior
Maladaptive behavior
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Abnormality
Abnormality
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Neurotypicality
Neurotypicality
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Neurodiversity
Neurodiversity
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Adaptive
Adaptive
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Maladaptive
Maladaptive
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Cognitive behavioral therapy
Cognitive behavioral therapy
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Maladaptive cognitions
Maladaptive cognitions
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Normality
Normality
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Neurodivergent
Neurodivergent
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Theory of mind
Theory of mind
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Executive function
Executive function
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central coherence
central coherence
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Working memory
Working memory
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Arousal Alertness
Arousal Alertness
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Cultural responsiveness
Cultural responsiveness
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Study Notes
- Chapter 4 explores typical and atypical psychological development
- The chapter discusses normality and neurotypicality in psychological development.
- It considers how typical and atypical development are culturally defined, classified, and categorized.
- Normal cognitive variations and neurodiversity are taken into account.
- Selected developmental conditions, like autism and ADHD will be observed
Key Concepts
- The chapter addresses criteria used to categorize typical and atypical behavior, including cultural perspectives, social norms, statistical rarity, personal distress, and maladaptive behavior.
- Normality and neurotypicality, including adaptive and maladaptive emotions, behaviors, and cognitions, are reviewed.
- The study of normal variations in brain development and the concept of neurodiversity are covered.
- The roles of mental health workers, psychologists, psychiatrists, and organizations in supporting psychological development and mental wellbeing are outlined
Categorizing Typical and Atypical Behavior
- There are multiple psychological criteria to define typical and atypical behaviors.
- Typical behaviors are expected patterns that conform to standards of acceptability for a given situation.
- Atypical behaviors deviate from the norm and can be harmful or distressing.
- Cultural perspectives involve using cultural norms to determine acceptable behaviors.
- Social norms are shared standards or beliefs about normal, acceptable behavior.
- Statistical rarity considers behaviors that deviate significantly from the average.
- Personal distress refers to behaviors that cause the individual unpleasant emotions.
- Maladaptive behaviors include dysfunctional, unhelpful actions that interfere with adjusting appropriately.
Normality and Neurotypicality
- Normality is defined as conforming to typical, expected standards of acceptable behavior.
- Abnormality constitutes unusual, bizarre, or atypical behaviors.
- Neurotypicality refers to standard brain functioning, processing, and behaviors.
- Neurodiversity acknowledges that each human has a unique nervous system with a unique abilities and needs
- Adaptive emotions, behaviors, and cognitions enable us to adjust and cope effectively.
- Maladaptive emotions, behaviors, and cognitions interfere with our capacity to adjust and cope effectively
Normal Variations in Brain Development
- Neurodiversity means that normal variations in brain development exist in society.
- Conditions like autism and ADHD are considered neurodiverse.
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents with impaired communication and social skills, difficulty understanding social cues, poor non-verbal communication skills, and difficulty forming relationships.
- Key symptoms of ADHD: inattention, distractibility, hyperactivity and impulsivity.
- Cognitive variations associated with ADHD include: deficits in executive function, dysfunctions in working memory and issues with arousal, alertness and time estimations
Supporting Psychological Development and Mental Wellbeing
- Psychologists, psychiatrists and mental health workers can support psychological development.
- Psychologists diagnose mental disorders, focusing on thoughts and patient's emotional state
- They provide management plans, treatments, counseling, or psychotherapy, but cannot prescribe medication
- Psychiatrists are medical doctors specializing in mental health, and have the authority to order medical procedures
- Psychiatrists assess mental and physical symptoms, diagnose disorders, and prescribe medications
- Mental health support workers provide general support guided by mental health practitioners.
Cultural Responsiveness
- Cultural responsiveness requires healthcare services to be respectful and relevant to diverse communities, whose members identify as having linguistic needs such as ancestry, ethnic origin, religion, language spoken at home
- Cultural safety acknowledges the power dynamic in service, favoring professionals over the patients
- Cultural humility involves listening and learning from people’s experiences and recognizing power imbalances
- Culturally responsive practices include respect for diverse populations and the provision of accessible services
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Description
Chapter 4 discusses normality and neurotypicality in psychological development. It considers how typical and atypical development are culturally defined. Normal cognitive variations and neurodiversity are taken into account. Selected developmental conditions, like autism and ADHD will be observed.